EN 12952-15:2003

Foreword
1 Scope and field of application
   1.1 Field of application
   1.2 Scope
   1.3 General information
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviations and coefficients
   4.1 Symbols and abbreviations
   4.2 Coefficients
5 Guaranteed parameters
   5.1 Basis for determining guaranteed parameters
   5.2 Parameters subject to guarantee
   5.3 Additional measurements
   5.4 Supply of steam generator components by several
        manufacturers
6 Basic test conditions
   6.1 Method of determining efficiency
   6.2 General conditions
   6.3 Preliminary test runs
   6.4 Conditions of steam generator
   6.5 Steady-state conditions
   6.6 Performance of test
   6.7 Other information
7 Instrumentation and methods of measurements
   7.1 General
   7.2 Pressure measurements
   7.3 Temperature measurements
   7.4 Mass and mass flow
   7.5 Calorific values
   7.6 Chemical composition
   7.7 Electric power
8 Heat balance and thermal efficiency
   8.1 Heat balance and envelope boundary
   8.2 Reference temperature
   8.3 Heat input, heat output and losses
   8.4 Thermal efficiency
9 Corrections to guarantee conditions
   9.1 General
   9.2 Correction for deviations of water/steam side inlet
        parameters
   9.3 Correction of efficiency by input-output method to
        guarantee conditions
   9.4 Correction of efficiency by heat loss method to
        guarantee conditions via heat balance
   9.5 Correction of efficiency by heat loss method to
        guarantee conditions with change in flue gas
        temperature
   9.6 Efficiency under guarantee conditions
10 Averaging and uncertainty of measurement
   10.1 General
   10.2 Averaging and corrections
   10.3 Fundamentals of calculating uncertainty
   10.4 Guide values for measurement uncertainties
   10.5 Calculation of uncertainty
Annex A (normative) Statistical Combustion Calculation
Bibliography

This European Standard covers direct-fired steam and hot water generators, including the auxiliaries. For the purposes of this standard, steam and hot water generators are vessels and pipework systems in which:¾ steam at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is generated for use external to the system;¾ water is heated to a temperature higher than the saturation temperature at atmospheric pressure for use external to the system.A steam generator normally consists of the flue gas-heated evaporator, the superheater, the reheater, the feedwater heater, the air heater, the fuel heater, if any, and the fuel burning equipment.The term 'direct-fired' relates to equipment by means of which the chemical heat in the fuel of known composition is converted to sensible heat. Such equipment can involve stoker firing, fluidized-bed combustion or burner systems.The auxiliaries include the fuel feeders, the pulverizer, the FD (forced draught) fan, the ID (induced draught) fan, the facilities for removal of the refuse (combustion residues), the steam air heater, the main air heater, the fuel heater, if any, and the dust collector.