EN 13104:2009

This standard:1) defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and brakingconditions;2) gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals;3) specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grade EA1N definedin EN 13261;4) describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades;5) determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes andtransitions to ensure adequate service performance.This standard is applicable to:6) solid and hollow powered axles for railway rolling stock;7) solid and hollow non-powered axles of motor bogies;8) solid and hollow non-powered axles of locomotives3;9) axles defined in EN 13261;10) all gauges4.This standard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under normal European conditions.Before using this standard, if there is doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it isnecessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissiblestresses. The calculation of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may bemade according to this standard only for the load cases of free-running and running in train formation. Thisstandard does not apply to workload cases. They are calculated separately.For light rail and tramway applications, other standards or documents agreed between the customer andsupplier may be applied.