EN 14777:2004

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
  3.1 Terms and definitions
  3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Verification
  4.1 Verification process
  4.2 Verification levels
  4.3 Verification plan
      4.3.1 Introduction
      4.3.2 Generation and updating
      4.3.3 Description
  4.4 Verification routes
  4.5 Classification of component type
  4.6 Single carrier
      4.6.1 General
      4.6.2 Margins
      4.6.3 Route to demonstrate conformance
  4.7 Multi-carrier
      4.7.1 General
      4.7.2 Threshold above equivalent CW peak power
      4.7.3 Threshold below equivalent CW peak power
      4.7.4 Route to demonstrate conformance
5 Design analyses
  5.1 General
  5.2 Field analysis
  5.3 Critical region identification
  5.4 Multipaction sensitivity analysis
  5.5 Venting analysis
  5.6 Inspection
6 Test conditions
  6.1 Cleanliness
  6.2 Pressure
  6.3 Temperature
  6.4 Frequencies
  6.5 Pulse duration
      6.5.1 General
      6.5.2 CW units
      6.5.3 Pulse units
  6.6 Electron seeding
      6.6.1 CW test
      6.6.2 Pulsed test
      6.6.3 Multi-carrier test
      6.6.4 Seeding sources
7 Methods of detection
  7.1 General
  7.2 Detection methods
  7.3 Detection method parameters
      7.3.1 Sensitivity
      7.3.2 Rise time
8 Test procedures
  8.1 Test configurations
  8.2 Test facility validation
  8.3 Test execution
      8.3.1 General
      8.3.2 Test procedure
  8.4 Acceptance criteria
      8.4.1 General
      8.4.2 Multi-carrier test
Annex A (informative) Multipaction background
      A.1 Physics of multipaction
      A.2 Other physical processes
      A.3 RF operating environment
      A.4 Parallel plate multipaction
      A.5 Coaxial line multipaction
Annex B (informative) Component venting
      B.1 Introduction
      B.2 Discharge dependence on pressure
      B.3 Test example
      B.4 Venting dimensions
      B.5 Venting hole calculations
      B.6 Payload vacuum
      B.7 Venting model used
      B.8 Pumping conductance of a venting hole
      B.9 Ultimate pressure
      B.10 Venting experiment
      B.11 Venting guidelines
Annex C (normative) Cleaning, handling, storage and contamination
      C.1 Generic processes
      C.2 Cleaning, handling and storage
      C.3 Contaminants
Annex D (normative) Electron seeding
      D.1 Introduction
      D.2 CW test
      D.3 Pulsed test
      D.4 Multi-carrier test
      D.5 Types of seeding source
Annex E (informative) Test methods
      E.1 Introduction
      E.2 General test methods
      E.3 Transient tests methods
      E.4 Test facility validation
Bibliography

This document specifies the requirements and recommendations for the design and test of RF components and equipment to achieve acceptable performance with respect to multipaction-free operation in service in space. The document includes:¾verification planning requirements;¾definition of a route to conform to the requirements;¾design and test margin requirements;¾design and test requirements; and¾informative annexes that provide guidelines on the design and test processes.This document is intended to result in the effective design and verification of the multipaction performance of the equipment and consequently in a high confidence in achieving successful product operation.This document covers multipaction events occurring in all classes of RF satellite components and equipment at all frequency bands of interest. Operation in single carrier CW and pulse modulated mode are included, as well as multi-carrier operations. document does not include breakdown processes caused by collisional processes, such as plasma formation.This document is applicable to all space missions.When viewed in a specific project context, the requirements defined in this document should be tailored to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a project.NOTETailoring is a process by which individual requirements of specifications, standards and related documents are evaluated and made applicable to a specific project, by selection and in some exceptional cases, modification of existing or addition of new requirements.