ENV 1993-4-1 : DRAFT 1999

1 General
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Distinction between principles and application rules
  1.3 Normative references
  1.4 Definitions
  1.5 S.I. units
  1.6 Symbols used in Part 4.1 of Eurocode 3
  1.7 Terminology
  1.8 Sign conventions
2 Basis of design
  2.1 Fundamental requirements
  2.2 Assumptions
  2.3 Reliability differentiation
  2.4 Limit states
  2.5 Actions and environmental effects
  2.6 Material properties
  2.7 Geometrical data
  2.8 Modelling of the silo for determining action effects
  2.9 Design assisted by testing
  2.10 Action effects for ultimate limit state verifications
  2.11 Durability
  2.12 Fire resistance
3 Properties of materials
  3.1 General
  3.2 Structural steels
  3.3 Stainless steels
  3.4 Special alloy steels
  3.5 Toughness requirements
4 Basis for structural analysis
  4.1 Ultimate limit states
  4.2 Analysis of the structure of a shell silo
  4.3 Analysis of the box structure of a rectangular silo
  4.4 Equivalent orthotropic properties of corrugated sheeting
5 Design of cylindrical walls
  5.1 Basis
  5.2 Distinctions between cylindrical shell forms
  5.3 Resistance of silo cylindrical walls
  5.4 Special support conditions for cylindrical walls
  5.5 Detailing for openings in cylindrical walls
  5.6 Serviceability limit states
6 Design of conical hoppers
  6.1 Basis
  6.2 Distinctions between hopper shell forms
  6.3 Resistance of conical hoppers
  6.4 Considerations for special hopper structures
  6.5 Serviceability limit states
7 Design of circular conical roof structures
  7.1 Basis
  7.2 Distinctions between roof structural forms
  7.3 Resistance of circular conical silo roofs
8 Design of transition junctions and supporting ring girders
  8.1 Basis
  8.2 Analysis of the junction
  8.3 Structural resistances
  8.4 Limit state verifications
  8.5 Considerations concerning support arrangements for
       the junction
9 Design of rectangular and planar-sided silos
  9.1 Basis
  9.2 Classification of structural forms
  9.3 Resistance of vertical walls
  9.4 Silos with internal ties
  9.5 Strength of pyramidal hoppers
  9.6 Vertical stiffeners on box walls
  9.7 Serviceability limit states
Annex A (normative) Actions and combinations of actions on
        silos
      A.1 Actions for combinations
      A.2 Design situations and action combinations for
          Reliability Classes 2 and 3
      A.3 Action combinations for Reliability Class 1
Annex B (informative) Simplified rules for circular silos
        in Reliability Class 1
      B.1 Action combinations for Reliability Class 1
      B.2 Action effect assessment
      B.3 Ultimate limit state assessment
Annex C (informative) Expressions for membrane stresses in
        conical hoppers
Annex D (informative) Distribution of wind pressure around
        circular silo structures
Annex E (informative) References
      E.1 References on cylindrical silo structures
      E.2 References on rectangular silo structures
      E.3 References on corrugated silo structures

Gives principles and application rules for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free standing or supported.