ENV 50166-2 : 1995

1 Introduction
2 Scope
3 Terms and definitions
    3.1 Physical Quantities and Units
          3.1.1 Physical constants
    3.2 Definitions and Terms
          3.2.1 Average (temporal) power (Pavg)
          3.2.2 Averaging time
          3.2.3 Basic restriction
          3.2.4 Conductivity
          3.2.5 Continuous exposure
          3.2.6 Contact current
          3.2.7 Current density
          3.2.8 Dielectric constant (e), see Permittivity
          3.2.9 Duty factor (duty cycle)
          3.2.10 Electric field strength
          3.2.11 Electric flux density (D)
          3.2.12 Energy flux density
          3.2.13 Exposure
          3.2.14 Exposure level
          3.2.15 Exposure, direct effect of
          3.2.16 Exposure, indirect effect of
          3.2.17 Exposure, partial-body
          3.2.18 Exposure, non uniform
          3.2.19 Far field region
          3.2.20 General Public
          3.2.21 Induced Current
          3.2.22 Intrinsic impedance (of free space)
          3.2.23 Magnetic flux density (B)
          3.2.24 Magnetic field strength (H)
          3.2.25 Multiple frequency fields
          3.2.26 Near-field region
          3.2.27 Permeability (m)
          3.2.28 Permittivity (e)
          3.2.29 Polarisation
          3.2.30 Power flux density (S)
          3.2.31 Power density, average (temporal)
          3.2.32 Power density, peak
          3.2.33 Power flux density, plane-wave equivalent
          3.2.34 Rate of change of magnetic flux density
                  (dB/dt)
          3.2.35 Reference level
          3.2.36 Radio frequency (RF)
          3.2.37 Response time
          3.2.38 RF "hot spot"
          3.2.39 Root-mean-square (rms)
          3.2.40 Scattered radiation
          3.2.41 Short-term exposure
          3.2.42 Specific absorption (SA)
          3.2.43 Specific absorption rate (SAR)
          3.2.44 Wavelength (l)
          3.2.45 Workers
4 Limits
    4.1 Application of Basic Restriction of derived levels
    4.2 Protection Against Direct Hazards
          4.2.1 Workers
                  4.2.1.1 Basic Restrictions
                              Current Density, 10kHz-10MHz
                              Specific Absorption Rate and
                              Specific Absorption
                              10kHz-300GHz
                  4.2.1.2 Derived Reference Levels
                              Field Strengths, Power Density
                              and Energy Flux Density
                  4.2.1.3 Simultaneous Irradiation from One
                            or More Sources
                  4.2.1.4 Induced Body Current
          4.2.2 General Public
                  4.2.2.1 Basic Restrictions
                              Current Density, 10kHz-10MHz
                              Specific Absorption Rate and
                              Specific Absorption 10kHz-300GHz
                  4.2.2.2 Derived Reference Levels
                              Field-Strengths, Power Density and
                              Energy Flux Density
                  4.2.2.3 Simultaneous Irradiation from One
                            or More Sources
                  4.2.2.4 Induced Body Current
    4.3 Protection Against Indirect Hazards
          4.3.1 Workers
                  Basic Restrictions on Contact Currents
          4.3.2 General Public
                  Basic Restrictions on Contact Currents
5 Methods of measurement
    5.1 General
          5.1.1 Broadband measurements
          5.1.2 Narrowband measurements
          5.1.3 Numerical procedures
    5.2 Instrumentation
          5.2.1 Type of instrumentation
          5.2.2 General requirements
          5.2.3 Electrical performance characteristics
          5.2.4 Physical characteristics
    5.3 Procedures
          5.3.1 Source and propagation characteristics
          5.3.2 Estimation of field strength or power
                  flux density levels
          5.3.3 Selection of the measuring instruments
          5.3.4 On-site measurements
    5.4 Calibration of the instruments
          5.4.1 General
          5.4.2 Calibration tolerance
          5.4.3 Methods
          5.4.4 Calibration uncertainties
    5.5 Uncertainties of the measurements
          5.5.1 General
          5.5.2 Anisotropy of the probe
          5.5.3 Rss reading of field probe
          5.5.4 Lead pick-up
          5.5.5 Out-of-band responses
          5.5.6 Unintended field coupling into field probes
          5.5.7 Static charge fields
          5.5.8 Coupling of probes to metallic objects
          5.5.9 Spurious responses of diode detectors
          5.5.10 Probe instability
    5.6 References
ANNEXES
A Rationale for setting exposure limits
    A.1 General
    A.2 Protection Against Direct Hazard
          A.2.1 Basic Restrictions
                  A.2.1.1 Current Density in the Body
                            Continuous Exposure
                  A.2.1.2 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
                  A.2.1.3 Specific Absorption (SA)
          A.2.2 Derived Reference Levels
                  A.2.2.1 Field Strengths
                  A.2.2.2 Peak SAR
                  A.2.2.3 Simultaneous Exposure from One
                            or More Sources
                  A.2.2.4 Induced Body Current
                  A.2.2.5 Energy Flux Density
    A.3 Protection Against Indirect Hazards
          A.3.1 Contact Currents
                  References for Annex A
B Sources of electromagnetic fields
    B.1 General
    B.2 Intentional radiators, (antennas and RF applicators)
    B.3 Non intentional radiation (Radiation leakage)
    B.4 Interference patterns
C Summary of practical considerations for measurement
    of field quantities
D Summary of information regarding measurement systems for
    field quantities
E Numerical procedures for calculating electromagnetic
    quantities in radiated fields
F Numerical procedures for calculating the sar in biological
    tissues
G Example for calculation of the exposure from multiple
    sources
H Graphs of reference levels
    H.1 Workers
    H.2 Workers
    H.3 General Public
    H.4 General Public

Covers the prevention of adverse short-term effects of human exposure to electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 10-300 GHz. Not applicable to the deliberate exposure of persons to electric or magnetic fields during medical research, diagnosis or treatment, or to safety hazards associated with ignition of flammable materials or triggering of explosive devices in strong fields. May not exclude interference or effects on some examples of implants, eg cardiac pacemakers.