I.S. ENV 1996-1-1:1996

Foreword
1 General
  1.1 Scope
       1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 6
       1.1.2 Scope of Part 1.1 of Eurocode 6
       1.1.3 Further parts of Eurocode 6
  1.2 Distinction between principles and application
       rules
  1.3 Assumptions
  1.4 Definitions
       1.4.1 Terms common to all Eurocodes
       1.4.2 Special terms used in this ENV 1996-1-1
  1.5 S.I. units
  1.6 Symbols used in this ENV 1996-1-1
2 Basis of design
  2.1 Fundamental requirements
  2.2 Definitions and classifications
       2.2.1 Limit states and design situations
       2.2.2 Actions
       2.2.3 Material properties
       2.2.4 Geometrical data
       2.2.5 Load arrangement and load cases
  2.3 Design requirements
       2.3.1 General
       2.3.2 Ultimate limit states
       2.3.3 Partial safety factors for ultimate limit
              states
       2.3.4 Serviceability limit states
  2.4 Durability
3 Materials
  3.1 Masonry units
       3.1.1 Types of masonry units
       3.1.2 Properties of masonry units
  3.2 Mortar
       3.2.1 Types of mortar
       3.2.2 Properties of mortar
  3.3 Concrete infill
       3.3.1 General
       3.3.2 Specification for concrete infill
       3.3.3 Properties of concrete infill
  3.4 Reinforcing steel
       3.4.1 General
       3.4.2 Properties of reinforcing steel
       3.4.3 Durability of reinforcing steel
  3.5 Prestressing steel
       3.5.1 General
       3.5.2 Durability of prestressing steel
  3.6 Mechanical properties of unreinforced masonry
       3.6.1 General
       3.6.2 Characteristic compressive strength of
              unreinforced masonry
       3.6.3 Characteristic shear strength of
              unreinforced masonry
       3.6.4 Characteristic flexural strength of
              unreinforced masonry
  3.7 Mechanical properties of reinforced, prestressed
       and confined masonry
       3.7.1 General
       3.7.2 Characteristic anchorage bond strength
  3.8 Deformation properties of masonry
       3.8.1 Stress-strain relationship
       3.8.2 Modulus of elasticity
       3.8.3 Shear modulus
       3.8.4 Creep, shrinkage and thermal expansion
  3.9 Ancillary components
       3.9.1 Damp proof courses
       3.9.2 Wall ties
       3.9.3 Straps, hangers, brackets and support
              angles
       3.9.4 Prefabricated lintels
       3.9.5 Prestressing devices
4 Design of masonry
  4.1 Structural behaviour and overall stability
       4.1.1 Design models for structural behaviour
       4.1.2 Structural behaviour in accidental situations
              (other than earthquakes and fire)
       4.1.3 Design of structural members
  4.2 Actions, combinations and partial coefficients
       4.2.1 Characteristic permanent action
       4.2.2 Characteristic variable action
       4.2.3 Characteristic wind action
       4.2.4 Characteristic lateral earth pressure
       4.2.5 Design combinations
  4.3 Design strength of masonry
  4.4 Unreinforced masonry Walls subjected to vertical
       loading
       4.4.1 General
       4.4.2 Verification of unreinforced masonry walls
       4.4.3 Reduction factor for slenderness and
              eccentricity
       4.4.4 Effective height of Walls
       4.4.5 Effective thickness of Walls
       4.4.6 Slenderness ratio of Walls
       4.4.7 Out-of-plane eccentricity
       4.4.8 Concentrated loads
       4.4.9 Stresses due to restraints
  4.5 Unreinforced masonry shear walls
       4.5.1 General
       4.5.2 Analysis of shear walls
       4.5.3 Verification of shear walls
  4.6 Unreinforced walls subjected to lateral loads
       4.6.1 General
       4.6.2 Walls subjected to lateral wind loads
       4.6.3 Walls subjected to lateral earth pressure
       4.6.4 Horizontal accidental loads (excluding
              seismic actions)
  4.7 Reinforced masonry
       4.7.1 Reinforced masonry members subjected to
              bending, bending and axial load or axial
              load
       4.7.2 Reinforced masonry members subjected to shear
       4.7.3 Reinforced masonry deep beams subjected to
              vertical loading
       4.7.4 Reinforced masonry members under the
              serviceability limit state
  4.8 Prestressed masonry
       4.8.1 General
       4.8.2 Prestressed masonry members under the
              serviceability limit state
       4.8.3 Prestressed masonry members under the
              ultimate limit state
       4.8.4 Other design matters
  4.9 Confined masonry
5 Structural detailing
  5.1 General
       5.1.1 Masonry materials
       5.1.2 Types of walls
       5.1.3 Minimum thickness of walls
       5.1.4 Bonding of masonry
       5.1.5 Mortar joints
       5.1.6 Bearings under concentrated loads
  5.2 Reinforcement detailing
       5.2.1 General
       5.2.2 Protection of reinforcing steel
       5.2.3 Minimum area of reinforcement
       5.2.4 Size of reinforcement
       5.2.5 Anchorage and laps
       5.2.6 Shear reinforcement
       5.2.7 Restraint of compression reinforcement
       5.2.8 Spacing of reinforcement
       5.2.9 Confined masonry
  5.3 Prestressing details
       5.3.1 General
       5.3.2 Prestressing tendons
  5.4 Connection of walls
       5.4.1 Interconnection of walls, floors and roofs
       5.4.2 Connection between intersecting walls
  5.5 Chases and recesses
       5.5.1 General
       5.5.2 Vertical chases and recesses
       5.5.3 Horizontal and inclined chases
  5.6 Damp proof courses
  5.7 Thermal and long term movement
  5.8 Masonry below ground
  5.9 Particular details for seismic design
  5.10 Particular details for structured fire design
6 Construction
  6.1 Masonry units
  6.2 Storage of masonry units and other materials
       6.2.1 General
       6.2.2 Storage of masonry units
       6.2.3 Storage of materials for mortar and concrete
              infill
       6.2.4 Storage and use of reinforcement
  6.3 Mortar and concrete infill
       6.3.1 General
       6.3.2 Site made mortar and concrete infill
       6.3.3 Factory made mortars, pre-batched mortars,
              pre-mixed lime sand mortars and ready mixed
              concrete infill
       6.3.4 Strength of mortar and concrete infill
  6.4 Construction of masonry
       6.4.1 General
       6.4.2 Mortar joints
  6.5 Connection of walls
  6.6 Fixing reinforcement
  6.7 Protection of newly constructed masonry
       6.7.1 General
       6.7.2 Curing of masonry
       6.7.3 Protection against frost
       6.7.4 Loading of masonry
  6.8 Permissible deviations in masonry
  6.9 Category of execution
  6.10 Other construction matters
       6.10.1 Movement joints
       6.10.2 Construction height
       6.10.3 Reinforced concrete filled cavity walls
       6.10.4 Reinforced walls incorporating pockets
  6.11 Prestressing steel and accessories
       6.11.1 Storage of the tendons
       6.11.2 Fabrication of tendons
       6.11.3 Placing of tendons
       6.11.4 Tensioning of tendons
Annexes
A Derivation of the value of the reduction factor
  for slenderness and eccentricity within the middle
  height of a wall
B Graphs showing values of rho[3] and rho[4], using
  equations 4.13, 4.14, 4.15 and 4.16
C A simplified method for calculating the
  out-of-plane eccentricity of loading an walls
D Graph showing the enhancement factor as given in
  4.4.8: Concentrated loads under bearings
E An empirical method for designing basement walls
  subjected to lateral earth pressure
F Verification of reinforced masonry cantilever walls
  subject to bending
G Points to be considered in categorising execution