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  • IEC 60086-4:2014

    View superseded by
    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
    View superseded by

    Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF, PDF 3 Users, PDF 5 Users, PDF 9 Users

    Superseded date:  31-12-2021

    Language(s):  English - French

    Published date:  03-09-2014

    Publisher:  International Electrotechnical Committee

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    FOREWORD
    INTRODUCTION
    1 Scope
    2 Normative references
    3 Terms and definitions
    4 Requirements for safety
    5 Sampling
    6 Testing and requirements
    7 Information for safety
    8 Instructions for use
    9 Marking
    Annex A (informative) - Guidelines for the achievement
            of safety of lithium batteries
    Annex B (informative) - Guidelines for designers of
            equipment using lithium batteries
    Annex C (informative) - Additional information on
            display and storage
    Annex D (informative) - Safety pictograms
    Bibliography

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    IEC 60086-4:2014 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
    - Harmonisation with the second edition of IEC 62281;
    - Alternative protective circuits in 7.1.1;
    - More information regarding risks of swallowing lithium batteries in (former) 7.2.m) and promotion of this item to 7.2a);
    - A new Annex D with pictograms for some of the safety precautions in 7.2.Keywords: lithium batteries

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee TC 35
    Development Note Stability date: 2018. (09/2014)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher International Electrotechnical Committee
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    05/30106456 DC : DRAFT AUG 2005 IEC 62282-6 - FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 6-1: MICRO FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY
    BS EN 50272-4:2007 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES AND BATTERY INSTALLATIONS - PART 4: BATTERIES FOR USE IN PORTABLE APPLIANCES
    09/30210300 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-5 ED3 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 5: SAFETY OF BATTERIES WITH AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE
    12/30258455 DC : 0 FPREN 60065:2011+FPRAA - AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    DIN EN 14154-4:2015-02 WATER METERS - PART 4: ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITIES
    ANSI/AAMI CI86:2017 COCHLEAR IMPLANT SYSTEMS: REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY, FUNCTIONAL VERIFICATION, LABELING AND RELIABILITY REPORTING
    14/30297129 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-1 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    EN 60086-1:2015 Primary batteries - Part 1: General
    07/30150067 DC : 0 BS IEC 60846-1 - RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION - AMBIENT AND/OR DIRECTIONAL DOSE EQUIVALENT (RATE) METERS AND/OR MONITORS FOR BETA, X AND GAMMA RADIATION - PART 1: PORTABLE WORKPLACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL METERS AND MONITORS
    14/30297134 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-2 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 2: PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
    BS EN 62368-1 : 2014 AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    I.S. EN 62282-5-1:2012 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 5-1: PORTABLE FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY (IEC 62282-5-1:2012 (EQV))
    I.S. EN 14154-4:2014 WATER METERS - PART 4: ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITIES
    BS EN 60065 : 2014 AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (IEC 60065:2014, MODIFIED)
    I.S. EN 62282-6-100:2010 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 6-100: MICRO FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY (IEC 62282-6-100:2010 (EQV))
    17/30356734 DC : 0 BS EN 14236 - ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    IEC 61097-5:1997 Global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) - Part 5: Inmarsat-E - Emergency position indicating radio beacon (EPIRB) operating through the Inmarsat system - Operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results
    AAMI ES60601-1 : 2005 : INC : AMD 1 : 2012 : R201200 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE (IEC 60601-1:2005, MOD)
    AAMI ES60601-1 : 2005 : INC : AMD 2 : 2012 : R201200 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE (IEC 60601-1:2005, MOD)
    AAMI ES60601-1 : 2005 : R2012 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE (IEC 60601-1:2005, MOD)
    CSA C22.2 No. 62368-1 : 2014 AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    IEC 60086-5:2016 RLV Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
    IEC 60086-5:2016 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
    IEC 60086-3:2016 Primary batteries - Part 3: Watch batteries
    PD IEC/TR 62354:2014 General testing procedures for medical electrical equipment
    EN 61960-2:2001 Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications - Part 2: Secondary lithium batteries
    EN 60086-5:2016 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
    EN 50272-4:2007 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 4: Batteries for use in portable appliances
    05/30137420 DC : DRAFT AUG 2005 IEC 60086-1 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    BS EN 62282-5-1:2012 (published 2013-01) Fuel cell technologies Portable fuel cell power systems. Safety
    IEC 61562:2001 Radiation protection instrumentation - Portable equipment for measuring specific activity of beta-emitting radionuclides in foodstuffs
    BS EN 61960-1:2001 SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS - PART 1: SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
    09/30210291 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-2 ED12 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 2: PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
    BS EN 60086-5:2016 Primary batteries Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
    15/30326348 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-3 ED 4.0 - PART 3: WATCH BATTERIES
    DIN EN 14154-4 E : 2015 WATER METERS - PART 4: ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITIES
    IEC 60086-3 REDLINE : 4ED 2016 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 3: WATCH BATTERIES
    I.S. EN 60086-2:2016 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 2: PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
    IEC 60086-1 REDLINE : 12ED 2015 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    EN 14236:2007 Ultrasonic domestic gas meters
    IEC 61563:2001 Radiation protection instrumentation - Equipment for measuring specific activity of gamma-emitting radionuclides in foodstuffs
    I.S. EN 60086-3:2016 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 3: WATCH BATTERIES
    ANSI/AAMI/IEC TIR62354:2015 GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES FOR MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
    I.S. EN 62281:2017 SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
    IEC PAS 62282-6-150:2011 Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-150: Micro fuel cell power systems - Safety - Water reactive (UN Devision 4.3) compounds in indirect PEM fuel cells
    AAMI ES60601-1 : 2005 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE (IEC 60601-1:2005, MOD)
    DIN EN 14236:2008-06 ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    UNE-EN 60086-3:2011 Primary batteries - Part 3: Watch batteries
    UNE-EN 60086-2:2011 Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
    EN 60065:2014/AC:2017-01 AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (IEC 60065:2014/COR2:2016)
    UNE-EN 60086-1:2011 Primary batteries - Part 1: General
    EN 61960-3:2017 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications - Part 3: Prismatic and cylindrical lithium secondary cells, and batteries made from them
    17/30347375 DC : 0 BS EN 62368-1 ED 3.0 - AUDIO/VIDEO; INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    12/30239877 DC : 0 BS EN 60065 ED 8.0 - AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    09/30210287 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-1 ED11 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    BS EN 14154-4:2014 Water meters Additional functionalities
    BS EN 62282-6-100 : 2010 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 6-100: MICRO FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY
    BS EN 60086-2:2016 Primary batteries Physical and electrical specifications
    EN 62281:2017 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
    15/30326894 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-5 ED 4.0 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 5: SAFETY OF BATTERIES WITH AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE
    NF EN 60601-1 : 2007-01 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE
    BS EN 60086-1:2016 Primary batteries General
    I.S. EN 14236:2007 ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    I.S. EN 60601- 1:2006&A1:2013&AC:2014&A12:2014 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE
    IEC 60086-5 REDLINE : 4ED 2016 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 5: SAFETY OF BATTERIES WITH AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE
    DD ENV 14236:2002 ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    BS EN 62281:2017 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
    EN IEC 62485-4:2018 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 4: Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries for use in portable appliances
    IEC 62281 : 3.0 SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
    IEC 62368-1:2014 Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements
    IEC 62485-4:2015 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 4: Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries for use in portable appliances
    IEC 61960-2:2001 Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications - Part 2: Secondary lithium batteries
    NF EN 60086-1 : 2011 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    IEC 62282-5-1:2012 Fuel cell technologies - Part 5-1: Portable fuel cell power systems - Safety
    03/109829 DC : DRAFT JUNE 2003 IEC 60086-3 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 3: WATCH BATTERIES
    12/30239867 DC : 0 BS EN 62368-1 - AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    PREN 14236 : DRAFT 2017 ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    DD IEC/PAS 62282-6-150:2011 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 6-150: MICRO FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY - WATER REACTIVE (UN DIVISION 4.3) COMPOUNDS IN INDIRECT PEM FUEL CELLS
    17/30370380 DC : 0 BS EN 62281 ED.4.0 - SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
    16/30351255 DC : 0 BS EN 61960-4 ED 1.0 - SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES - PART 4: COIN TYPE SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES
    UNE-EN 60065:2015 Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus - Safety requirements
    BS EN 60086-3:2016 (published 2016-12) Primary batteries Watch batteries
    17/30364670 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-2 ED.14.0 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 2: PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
    12/30258453 DC : 0 BS EN 62368-1 AMD - AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    EN 60086-3:2016 Primary batteries - Part 3: Watch batteries
    UNE-EN 60086-5:2011 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
    PD IEC/TR 60601-4-3:2015 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 4-3: GUIDANCE AND INTERPRETATION - CONSIDERATIONS OF UNADDRESSED SAFETY ASPECTS IN THE THIRD EDITION OF IEC 60601-1 AND PROPOSALS FOR NEW REQUIREMENTS
    CSA C22.2 No. 60065 : 2016 AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    I.S. EN 60065:2014 AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    I.S. EN 62368-1:2014 AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (IEC 62368-1:2014, MODIFIED)
    IEC PAS 62282-6-1:2006 Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-1: Micro fuel cell power systems - Safety
    DIN EN 14236 E : 2008 ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    EN 62368-1:2014/AC:2017-03 AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (IEC 62368-1:2014, MODIFIED)
    IEC 62281:2016 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
    IEC TR 62354:2014 General testing procedures for medical electrical equipment
    BS EN 60601-1 : 2006 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE
    IEC 60086-1:2015 Primary batteries - Part 1: General
    BS EN 14236:2007 ULTRASONIC DOMESTIC GAS METERS
    00/565497 DC : DRAFT DEC 2000 BS IEC 60601-1 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE
    IEC 62282-6-100:2010+AMD1:2012 CSV Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-100: Micro fuel cell power systems - Safety
    UNE-EN 62282-5-1:2013 Fuel cell technologies - Part 5-1: Portable fuel cell power systems - Safety
    IEC 60086-2:2015 Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
    10/30173705 DC : DRAFT SEP 2010 BS EN 62282-5-1 - FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 5-1: PORTABLE FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY
    04/30106146 DC : DRAFT MARCH 2004 BS EN 60601-1 - MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE
    EN 61960-1:2001 Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications - Part 1: Secondary lithium cells
    EN 14154-4:2014 Water meters - Part 4: Additional functionalities
    CEI EN 62368-1 : 2016 AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - PART 1: SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    BS EN 61960-3:2017 SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES - SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS - PART 3: PRISMATIC AND CYLINDRICAL LITHIUM SECONDARY CELLS, AND BATTERIES MADE FROM THEM (IEC 61960-3:2017)
    09/30210295 DC : DRAFT SEP 2009 BS EN 60086-3 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 3: WATCH BATTERIES
    UNE-EN 14154-4:2015 Water meters - Part 4: Additional functionalities
    02/209100 DC : DRAFT DEC 2002 IEC 62281 ED.1 - SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
    CEI EN 60086-3 : 2012 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 3: WATCH BATTERIES
    EN 60086-2:2016 Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
    15/30326352 DC : 0 BS EN 62281 ED 3.0 - SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
    17/30364666 DC : 0 BS EN 60086-1 ED.13.0 - PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    CEI EN 50272-4 : 2007 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES AND BATTERY INSTALLATIONS - PART 4: BATTERIES FOR USE IN PORTABLE APPLIANCES
    07/30174056 DC : 0 BS EN 60065 - AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC APPARATUS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
    BS EN 61960-2:2002 SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS - PART 2: SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES
    I.S. EN 60086-5:2016 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 5: SAFETY OF BATTERIES WITH AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE
    I.S. EN 61960-3:2017 SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES - SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES FOR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS - PART 3: PRISMATIC AND CYLINDRICAL LITHIUM SECONDARY CELLS, AND BATTERIES MADE FROM THEM
    I.S. EN 60086-1:2015 PRIMARY BATTERIES - PART 1: GENERAL
    CSA C22.2 No. 60601.1 : 2014 MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE
    UNI EN 14154-4 : 2015 WATER METERS - PART 4: ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONALITIES
    I.S. EN 50272-4:2007 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES AND BATTERY INSTALLATIONS - PART 4: BATTERIES FOR USE IN PORTABLE APPLIANCES
    EN 62282-6-100:2010/A1:2012 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 6-100: MICRO FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY (IEC 62282-6-100:2010/A1:2012)
    07/30091745 DC : 0 BS IEC 62368 - AUDIO/VIDEO, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT - SAFETY - REQUIREMENTS
    16/30354067 DC : 0 BS EN 62282-5-100 - FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 5-100: PORTABLE FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY
    IEC 60601-1:2005+AMD1:2012 CSV Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance
    EN 62282-5-1:2012 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES - PART 5-1: PORTABLE FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEMS - SAFETY (IEC 62282-5-1:2012)

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    IEC 62281:2016 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport
    IEC 60068-2-27:2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance: Shock
    IEC 61960:2011 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable applications
    ISO 8124-1:2014 Safety of toys Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
    IEC 60050-482:2004 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries
    IEC 60068-2-31:2008 Environmental testing - Part 2-31: Tests - Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for equipment-type specimens
    IEC 60027-1:1992 Letters symbols to be used in electrical technology - Part 1: General
    ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014 Safety aspects Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
    ISO/IEC Guide 50:2014 Safety aspects Guidelines for child safety in standards and other specifications
    IEC 60086-2:2015 Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications
    IEC 60086-1:2015 Primary batteries - Part 1: General
    IMO IF200 : 2006 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME DANGEROUS GOODS (IMDG) CODE
    UL 1642 : 5 LITHIUM BATTERIES
    IEC 60086-5:2016 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
    IEC 62133 : 2.0EN+(REDLINE+VERSION) SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PORTABLE SEALED SECONDARY CELLS, AND FOR BATTERIES MADE FROM THEM, FOR USE IN PORTABLE APPLICATIONS
    IEC 62281 : 3.0 SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES DURING TRANSPORT
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