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GUIDE FOR IMPROVING THE LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES
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Withdrawn date: 21-07-2023
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Published date: 16-12-1997
Publisher: Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
1 Overview1.1 Scope1.2 Purpose1.3 Disclaimer2 References3 Definitions and Acronyms3.1 Definitions3.2 Acronyms4 Route selection4.1 Lightning frequency of incidence4.2 Route effects4.3 Structure height4.4 Soil resistivity4.5 Adjacent environment5 Shielding5.1 Shielding angle5.2 The final leader step5.3 Structure height5.4 Shielding and engineering5.5 Shielding of the center phase5.6 Overhead ground wire size and operating losses6 Insulation6.1 Effect of voltage waveshapes6.2 Effect of insulation levels and insulation type6.3 Wood or fiberglass in series with insulators6.4 Effect of power-line voltage7 Tower footing impedance7.1 Composite line performance7.2 Supplemental grounding7.3 Counterpoise7.4 Resistance of complex footings7.5 Special grounding effects8 Special methods of improving lightning performance8.1 Additional shield wires8.2 Guy wires on transmission towers8.3 Ground wire on separate structures8.4 Line surge arresters8.5 Unbalanced insulation on double-circuit lines8.6 Active air terminalsAnnex A (informative) Isolated bonding of wooden structuresAnnex B (normative) The FLASH programAnnex C (informative) Bibliography
The effects of routing, structure type, insulation, shielding, and grounding on transmission lines are discussed.
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