IEEE DRAFT 1434 : D10 99

1 Overview
    1.1 Scope
    1.2 Purpose
    1.3 Limitations
2 References
3 Definitions
4 The nature of partial discharge in machine windings
    4.1 Sources of partial discharge
    4.2 Forms of partial dicscharge pulses
    4.3 Glow and pseudoglow discharges
    4.4 Peak amplitude variation of discharge pulses
5 Overview of partial discharge detection methods
    5.1 Electrical pulse sensing
    5.2 RF radiation sensing
    5.3 Power-factor tip-up
    5.4 Energy/integrated charge transfer
    5.5 Ozone detection
    5.6 Accoustic and ultrasonic detection
    5.7 Black-out test
6 Electrical pulse and RF radiation sensing systems
    6.1 Coupling capacitors
    6.2 RF current transformers
    6.3 Near field antennae
    6.4 Machine frame and other ground circuit sensors
7 Electrical pulse and RIV measuring instruments
    7.1 Oscilloscopes
    7.2 Spectrum analyzers
    7.3 Integrating current detectors
    7.4 Quasi-peak pulse meters and RIV meters
    7.5 Pulse height analyzers
    7.6 Pulse phase analyzers
8 Pulse propagation in windings and calibration issues
    8.1 Pulse propagation
    8.2 Calibration into apparent charge
9 On-line versus off-line testing
    9.1 On-line testing
    9.2 Off-line testing
    9.3 Quality control testing of individual stator
          coils/bars or windings
10 Test procedures
    10.1 On-line test procedures
    10.2 Off-line test procedures for complete windings
    10.3 Procedures for pulse-type PD tests on
          individual coils and bars
11 Interpretation of PD test results
    11.1 Magnitude and polarity of maximum PD pulse
    11.2 Electromagnetic probe readings
    11.3 Frequency spectrum analysis
    11.4 Integrated quantities
    11.5 Changes in PD magnitude
    11.6 Pulse height and pulse phase analysis
    11.7 Difficulties in objective interpretation
          of PD data
Table I On-line partial discharge measurements
          (Typical systems)
Table II Off-line partial discharge measurements
Table III PD measurements on individual coils and bars
Annex A (Informative) Bibliography
          A.1 Nature of PD in machine windings
          A.2 Pulse propagation in windings and
              calibration issues
          A.3 Sensors
              A.3.1 Coupling capacitors
              A.3.2 RF current transformers
              A.3.3 Electromagnetic probe
              A.3.4 Rotor mounted scanner PD sensor
              A.3.5 Stator slot couplers
              A.3.6 RTDs as PD sensors
              A.3.7 Frame sensors
              A.3.8 Ozone
              A.3.9 Acoustic and ultrasonic
          A.4 Electrical pulse and RIV measuring instruments
              A.4.1 Integrating current detectors
              A.4.2 Pulse height analyzers
              A.4.3 Pulse phase analyzers
              A.4.4 Quasi-peak pulse meters and RIV meters
          A.5 On-line test methods and data analysis
              A.5.1 Pulse height and pulse phase analysis
                      - periodic
              A.5.2 Pulse height and pulse phase analysis
                      - continuous
              A.5.3 EMI/RFI analysis
              A.5.4 Partial discharge location
          A.6 Off-line test methods and data analysis
              A.6.1 Power-factor tip-up
              A.6.2 Energy/integrated charge transfer
              A.6.3 Integrating current detectors
              A.6.4 Quadratic rate
              A.6.5 0.1 Hz measurements
              A.6.6 Pulse height pulse phase analysis
              A.6.7 Initiation of PD by voltage surges
              A.6.8 Electromagnetic probe
          A.7 Quality control tests on individual stator
              coils and bars

Discusses both on-line and off-line partial discharge (PD) measurements on complete windings of any type, as well as measurements, on individual form-wound bars and coils. Measurements selected from those which are outlined may be appropriate for application during the manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of windings of a-c rotating machinery.