1. INTRODUCTION
2. REFERENCES
3. DEFINITIONS
4. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS CHARACTERISTICS AND
CLASSIFICATION
4.1 Current Transformer Equivalent Circuit and
Phasor Diagrams
4.2 Current Transformer Secondary Excitation
Characteristics
4.3 Knee-Point Voltage
4.4 Current Transformer Accuracy
4.5 Dynamic Characteristics
4.6 The Effects of Remanence
4.7 Fundamental Transformer Equation
5. GENERAL APPLICATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
5.1 Current Transformers Burdens
5.2 Ratio Selection
5.3 Long-Term and Short-Term Thermal Ratings
5.4 Current Transformer Secondary Output Accuracy
Class Voltage
5.5 Connecting Current Transformers in Series
5.6 Three Phase Connections
5.7 Auxiliary Current Transformers
5.8 Bus Configuration
5.9 Current transformer Location
5.10 Minimizing the Effects of Current Transformer
Saturation
5.11 Determining Current Transformer Steady State
Performance Using Secondary Excitation Curves
6. EFFECTS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMER SATURATION ON RELAYS
6.1 Saturation Effects on Electro-mechanical Relays
6.2 Saturation Effects on Static Relays
6.3 Saturation Effects on Differential Relays
7. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
7.1 Overcurrent Relays
7.2 Differential Protection
7.3 Distance Protection
7.4 Other types of High-Speed Protection
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Appendix 1. IEC Standards on Current Transformers
Appendix 2. List of IEEE Standard C Values and Burdens
Appendix 3. Remanent Flux in Current Transformers