ITU-R P.1411-13 (09/2025)

Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
Annex 1
1 Introduction
2 Physical operating environments and definition of cell types
3 Path categories
3.1 Definition of propagation situations
3.1.1 Propagation over rooftops, non-line-of-sight (NLoS)
3.1.2 Propagation along street canyons, NLoS
3.1.3 Line-of-sight (LoS) paths
3.2 Data requirements
4 Basic transmission loss models
4.1 Models for propagation within street canyons
4.1.1 Site-general model
4.1.2 Site-specific model for LoS situation
4.1.3 Site-specific model for NLoS situations
4.2 Models for propagation over roof-tops
4.2.1 Site-general model
4.2.2 Site-specific model
Calculation of L1msd for l > ds
Calculation of L2msd for l < ds
4.2.2.2 Suburban area
4.3 Models for propagation between terminals located from below roof-top height to near street level
4.3.1 Site-general model
4.3.2 Site-specific model in urban environments
1-Turn NLoS propagation
2-Turn NLoS propagation
4.3.3 Site-specific model in residential environments
4.4 Default parameters for site-general calculations
4.5 Additional losses
4.5.1 Influence of vegetation
4.5.2 Building entry loss
5 Multipath models
5.1 Delay profile
5.1.1 Delay spread for over roof-tops propagation environments
5.1.2 Delay spread for below roof-tops propagation environments
5.1.3 Delay spread for propagation between terminals located at street level
5.2 Angular profile
5.2.1 Angular spread for below roof-tops propagation environments
5.2.2 Angular spread for propagation between terminals located at street level
5.3 Effect of antenna beamwidth
5.3.1 Received power loss due to antenna beamwidth
5.3.2 Delay spread and angular spread characteristics
5.4 Number of signal components
5.4.1 Over-rooftops propagation environments
5.4.2 Below-rooftops propagation environments
5.5 Fading characteristics
6 Polarization characteristics
7 Propagation data and prediction methods for the path morphology approach
7.1 Classification of path morphology
7.2 Statistical modelling method
7.3 Basic transmission loss model
7.4 Delay spread model
7.5 Angular spread model
8 Cross-correlation model of multi-link channel
8.1 Definition of parameters
8.2 Cross-correlation of the long-term time-spatial parameters
8.3 Cross-correlation of short-term fading in delay domain
9 Propagation characteristics for high Doppler environments
9.1 Scenarios for high-speed trains
9.2 Scenarios for high-speed vehicles

This Recommendation provides guidance on outdoor short-range propagation over the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz.