NFPA 1:2024

Chapter 1 Administration
1.1 Scope.
1.2 Purpose.
1.3 Application.
1.4 Equivalencies, Alternatives, and Modifications.
1.5 Units.
1.6 Enforcement.
1.7 Authority.
1.8 Duties and Powers of the Incident Commander.
1.9 Liability.
1.10 Pre-incident Planning.
1.11 Fire Code Board of Appeals.
1.12 Records and Reports.
1.13 Permits and Approvals.
1.14 Certificates of Fitness.
1.15 Plan Review.
1.16 Technical Assistance.
1.17 Notice of Violations and Penalties.
1.18 Fees.
Chapter 2 Referenced Publications
2.1 General.
2.2 NFPA Publications.
2.3 Other Publications.
2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections.
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 General.
3.2 NFPA Official Definitions.
3.3 General Definitions.
3.4 Special Performance-Based Definitions.
Chapter 4 General Requirements
4.1 Goals and Objectives.
4.2 Assumptions.
4.3 Compliance Options.
4.4 Fundamental Requirements.
4.5 General Requirements.
Chapter 5 Performance-Based Option
5.1 General.
5.2 Performance Criteria.
5.3 Retained Prescriptive Requirements.
5.4 Design Scenarios.
5.5 Evaluation of Proposed Designs.
5.6 Safety Factors.
5.7 Documentation Requirements.
Chapter 6 Classification of Occupancy
6.1 Classification of Occupancy.
Chapter 7 Reserved
Chapter 8 Reserved
Chapter 9 Reserved
Chapter 10 General Safety Requirements
10.1 Fundamental Requirements.
10.2 Owner/Operator/Tenant Responsibilities.
10.3 Occupancy.
10.4 Emergency Action Plans.
10.5 Building Evacuation.
10.6 Fire Drills.
10.7 Reporting of Fires and Other Emergencies.
10.8 Tampering with Fire Safety Equipment.
10.9 Smoking.
10.10 Open Flames, Candles, Open Fires, and Incinerators.
10.11 Fire Protection Markings.
10.12 Seasonal and Vacant Buildings and Premises.
10.13 Combustible Vegetation.
10.14 Special Outdoor Events, Carnivals, and Fairs.
10.15 Portable and Vehicle-Mounted Generators.
10.16 Outside Storage.
10.17 Parade Floats.
10.18 Powered Industrial Trucks.
10.19 Storage of Combustible Materials.
10.20 Indoor Play Structures.
10.21 Powered Micromobility Devices.
10.22 Alcohol-Based Hand-Rub (ABHR) Dispensers.
Chapter 11 Building Services
11.1 Electrical Fire Safety.
11.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning.
11.3 Elevators, Escalators, and Conveyors.
11.4 Utilities.
11.5 Heating Appliances.
11.6 Waste Chutes, Incinerators, and Laundry Chutes.
11.7 Stationary Generators and Standby Power Systems.
11.8 Smoke Control.
11.9 Emergency Command Center.
11.10 In-Building Emergency Responder Communication Enhancement Systems.
11.11 Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems.
11.12 Photovoltaic Systems.
Chapter 12 Features of Fire Protection
12.1 General.
12.2 Construction.
12.3 Fire-Resistive Materials and Construction.
12.4 Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.
12.5 Interior Finish.
12.6 Contents and Furnishings.
12.7 Fire Barriers.
12.8 Smoke Partitions.
12.9 Smoke Barriers.
Chapter 13 Fire Protection Systems
13.1 General.
13.2 Standpipe Systems.
13.3 Sprinkler Systems.
13.4 Fire Pumps.
13.5 Water Supply.
13.6 Portable Fire Extinguishers.
13.7 Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems.
13.8 Other Fire Protection Systems.
13.9 Non-Listed Fire Protection or Suppression Devices and Equipment.
Chapter 14 Means of Egress
14.1 Application.
14.2 Exit Access Corridors.
14.3 Exits.
14.4 Means of Egress Reliability.
14.5 Door Openings.
14.6 Enclosure and Protection of Stairs.
14.7 Exit Passageways.
14.8 Capacity of Means of Egress.
14.9 Number of Means of Egress.
14.10 Arrangement of Means of Egress.
14.11 Discharge from Exits.
14.12 Illumination of Means of Egress.
14.13 Emergency Lighting.
14.14 Marking of Means of Egress.
14.15 Secondary Means of Escape.
Chapter 15 Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation
15.1 Application.
15.2 Level of Service Objectives.
15.3 Evaluator Qualifications.
15.4 Fire Department Service Delivery Concurrency Evaluation Documentation.
15.5 Independent Review.
15.6 Approval.
Chapter 16 Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations
16.1 General Requirements.
16.2 Alteration of Buildings.
16.3 Fire Safety During Demolition.
16.4 Torch-Applied Roofing Systems.
16.5 Tar Kettles and Rubberized Asphalt Melters.
16.6 Asbestos Removal.
16.7 Lead Removal.
Chapter 17 Wildland Urban Interface
17.1 General.
17.2 Plans.
17.3 Wildland Fire–Prone Areas.
Chapter 18 Fire Department Access and Water Supply
18.1 General.
18.2 Fire Department Access.
18.3 Water Supplies.
18.4 Fire Flow Requirements for Buildings.
18.5 Fire Hydrants.
Chapter 19 Combustible Waste and Refuse
19.1 General.
19.2 Combustible Waste and Refuse.
Chapter 20 Occupancy Fire Safety
20.1 Assembly Occupancies.
20.2 Educational Occupancies.
20.3 Day-Care Occupancies.
20.4 Health Care Occupancies.
20.5 Residential Board and Care Occupancies.
20.6 Ambulatory Health Care Centers.
20.7 Detention and Correctional Occupancies.
20.8 Hotels and Dormitories.
20.9 Apartment Buildings.
20.10 Lodging or Rooming Houses.
20.11 One- and Two-Family Dwellings and Manufactured Housing.
20.12 Mercantile Occupancies.
20.13 Business Occupancies.
20.14 Industrial Occupancies.
20.15 Storage Occupancies.
20.16 Special Structures and High-Rise Buildings.
20.17 Historic Buildings and Cultural Resources.
Chapter 21 Airports and Heliports
21.1 Hangars.
21.2 Terminals.
21.3 Rooftop Heliport Construction and Protection.
Chapter 22 Automobile Wrecking Yards
22.1 General.
22.2 Permits.
22.3 Fire Apparatus Access Roads.
22.4 Welding and Cutting.
22.5 Housekeeping.
22.6 Fire Extinguishers.
22.7 Tire Storage.
22.8 Burning Operations.
22.9 Motor Vehicle Fluids and Hazardous Materials.
Chapter 23 Cleanrooms
23.1 General.
23.2 Applicability.
23.3 Permits.
Chapter 24 Drycleaning
24.1 General.
24.2 Permits.
Chapter 25 Grandstands and Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures
25.1 General.
25.2 Tents.
25.3 Grandstands.
25.4 Folding and Telescopic Seating.
25.5 Permanent Membrane Structures.
25.6 Temporary Membrane Structures.
Chapter 26 Laboratories Using Chemicals
26.1 General.
26.2 Permits.
Chapter 27 Manufactured Home and Recreational Vehicle Sites
27.1 General.
27.2 Manufactured Home Sites.
27.3 Recreational Vehicle Parks and Campgrounds.
Chapter 28 Marinas, Boatyards, Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves
28.1 Marinas, Boatyards, and Other Recreational Marine Facilities.
28.2 Marine Terminals, Piers, and Wharves.
28.3 Construction, Conversion, Repair, and Lay-Up of Vessels.
Chapter 29 Parking Garages
29.1 General.
Chapter 30 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages
30.1 Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities.
30.2 Repair Garages for Vehicles Powered by Flammable and Combustible Liquids.
30.3 Repair Garages for Vehicles Powered by Alternate Fuels.
30.4 Operational Requirements.
Chapter 31 Forest Products and Biomass Feedstocks
31.1 General.
31.2 Permits.
31.3 Protection of Storage of Forest Products.
Chapter 32 Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Soundstages and Approved Production Facilities
32.1 General.
32.2 Permits.
32.3 Fire Watch.
32.4 Decorative Materials.
32.5 Smoking.
32.6 Pyrotechnic Special Effects and Open Flames.
32.7 Fire Department Access.
32.8 Housekeeping.
32.9 Soundstages and Approved Production Facilities.
32.10 Production Locations.
Chapter 33 Outside Storage of Tires
33.1 General.
33.2 Individual Piles.
33.3 Emergency Response Plan.
33.4 Fire Control Measures.
33.5 Site Access.
33.6 Signs and Security.
33.7 Outdoor Storage of Altered Tire Material.
Chapter 34 General Storage
34.1 General.
34.2 Classification of Commodities.
34.3 Commodity Classes.
34.4 Building Construction.
34.5 Storage Arrangement.
34.6 General Fire Protection.
34.7 Building Equipment, Maintenance, and Operations.
34.8 Protection of Rack Storage.
34.9 Protection of Rubber Tires.
34.10 Protection of Roll Paper.
34.11 Storage of Idle Pallets.
Chapter 35 Animal Housing Facilities
35.1 General.
35.2 Permits.
Chapter 36 Telecommunication Facilities and Information Technology Equipment
36.1 General.
Chapter 37 Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
37.1 General.
Chapter 38 Cannabis Growing, Processing, or Extraction Facilities
38.1 Application.
38.2 Permits.
38.3 Fire Protection Systems.
38.4 Means of Egress.
38.5 Growing or Production of Cannabis.
38.6 Processing or Extraction.
38.7 Transfilling.
Chapter 39 Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facilities
39.1 General.
Chapter 40 Dust Explosion and Fire Prevention
40.1 Application.
40.2 Permits.
40.3 Retroactivity.
40.4 General.
40.5 Dust Hazards Analysis (DHA).
40.6 Operating Procedures and Practices.
40.7 Housekeeping.
40.8 Hot Work.
40.9 Personal Protective Equipment.
40.10 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance.
40.11 Training and Hazard Awareness.
40.12 Contractors.
40.13 Emergency Planning and Response.
40.14 Incident Investigation.
40.15 Management of Change.
40.16 Documentation Retention.
40.17 Management Systems Review.
40.18 Employee Participation.
Chapter 41 Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work
41.1 General.
41.2 Responsibility for Hot Work.
41.3 Fire Prevention Precautions.
41.4 Sole Proprietors and Individual Operators.
41.5 Public Exhibitions and Demonstrations.
41.6 Arc Welding Equipment.
Chapter 42 Refueling
42.1 General.
42.2 Automotive Fuel Servicing.
42.3 Storage of Liquids.
42.4 Piping for Liquids.
42.5 Fuel Dispensing Systems.
42.6 Building Construction Requirements.
42.7 Operational Requirements.
42.8 Additional Requirements for CNG, LNG, Hydrogen, and LP-Gas.
42.9 Marine Fueling.
42.10 Aircraft Fuel Servicing.
42.11 Alternate Fuels.
42.12 On-Demand Mobile Fueling.
Chapter 43 Spraying, Dipping, and Coating Using Flammable or Combustible Materials
43.1 Application.
43.2 Automated Electrostatic Spray Equipment.
43.3 Handheld Electrostatic Spray Equipment.
43.4 Drying, Curing, and Fusion Processes.
43.5 Miscellaneous Spray Operations.
43.6 Powder Coating.
43.7 Organic Peroxides and Plural Component Coatings.
43.8 Containers. [33:17.7.2]
43.9 Styrene Cross-Linked Composites Manufacturing (Glass Fiber–Reinforced Plastics).
43.10 Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes.
43.11 Training.
Chapter 44 Solvent Extraction
44.1 General.
44.2 Application.
44.3 Permits.
44.4 Special Requirements.
Chapter 45 Combustible Fibers
45.1 General.
45.2 Electrical Wiring.
45.3 No Smoking.
45.4 Vehicles and Material Handling Equipment.
45.5 Loose Storage of Combustible Fibers.
45.6 Baled Storage.
45.7 Storage of Hay, Straw, and Other Similar Agricultural Products.
45.8 Hazardous Materials.
Chapter 46 Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)
46.1 Application.
46.2 Nonindustrial Additive Manufacturing.
46.3 Industrial Additive Manufacturing.
Chapter 47 Reserved
Chapter 48 Reserved
Chapter 49 Reserved
Chapter 50 Commercial Cooking
50.1 Application.
50.2 General Requirements for Cooking Operations in Buildings and Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations.
50.3 Protection of Coverings and Enclosure Materials.
50.4 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment for Cooking Operations in Buildings.
50.5 Fire-Extinguishing Equipment for Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations.
50.6 Procedures for the Use, Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Equipment.
50.7 Minimum Safety Requirements for Cooking Equipment.
50.8 Mobile and Temporary Cooking Operations.
Chapter 51 Industrial Ovens and Furnaces
51.1 General.
51.2 Location.
51.3 Safety Controls.
Chapter 52 Energy Storage Systems
52.1 General.
52.2 Remediation Measures.
52.3 System Interconnection.
52.4 Operation and Maintenance.
52.5 Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems.
52.6 Capacitor Energy Storage Systems.
52.7 Fuel Cell Energy Storage Systems.
52.8 Storage of Used or Off-Specification Batteries.
Chapter 53 Mechanical Refrigeration
53.1 General.
53.2 Safety Features.
53.3 Operations, Maintenance, Testing, and Decommissioning.
Chapter 54 Ozone Gas–Generating Equipment
54.1 Scope.
54.2 Location.
54.3 Piping, Valves, and Fittings.
54.4 Automatic Shutdown.
54.5 Manual Shutdown.
Chapter 55 Cleaning and Purging of Flammable Gas Piping Systems
55.1 Application.
55.2 Permits.
Chapter 56 Reserved
Chapter 57 Reserved
Chapter 58 Reserved
Chapter 59 Reserved
Chapter 60 Hazardous Materials
60.1 General Requirements.
60.2 Special Definitions.
60.3 Classification of Materials, Wastes, and Hazard of Contents.
60.4 Permissible Storage and Use Locations.
60.5 Fundamental Requirements.
60.6 Emergency Action Planning, Fire Risk Control, and Chemical Hazard Requirements for Industrial Processes.
60.7 Performance Alternative.
Chapter 61 Aerosol Products
61.1 General Provisions.
61.2 Basic Requirements.
61.3 Storage in Warehouses and Storage Areas.
61.4 Mercantile Occupancies.
61.5 Operations and Maintenance.
Chapter 62 Reserved
Chapter 63 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids
63.1 General Provisions.
63.2 Building-Related Controls.
63.3 Compressed Gases.
63.4 Cryogenic Fluids.
63.5 Bulk Oxygen Systems.
63.6 Gas Hydrogen Systems.
63.7 Bulk Liquefied Hydrogen Systems.
63.8 Gas Generation Systems.
63.9 Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide Systems.
63.10 Storage, Handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization and Fumigation.
63.11 Carbon Dioxide Beverage Systems.
63.12 Liquid Oxygen in Home Care.
Chapter 64 Corrosive Solids and Liquids
64.1 General.
Chapter 65 Explosives, Fireworks, and Model Rocketry
65.1 General.
65.2 Display Fireworks.
65.3 Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience.
65.4 Flame Effects Before an Audience.
65.5 Fireworks Manufacturing.
65.6 Model Rocketry.
65.7 Rocketry Manufacturing.
65.8 High Power Rocketry.
65.9 Explosives.
Chapter 66 Flammable and Combustible Liquids
66.1 General.
66.2 Reserved.
66.3 Definitions.
66.4 Classification of Liquids.
66.5 Reserved.
66.6 Fire and Explosion Prevention and Risk Control.
66.7 Electrical Systems.
66.8 Application of Area Classification.
66.9 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Containers — General Requirements.
66.10 Reserved.
66.11 Reserved.
66.12 Reserved.
66.13 Reserved.
66.14 Hazardous Materials Storage Lockers.
66.15 Outdoor Storage.
66.16 Automatic Fire Protection for Inside Liquid Storage Areas.
66.17 Processing Facilities.
66.18 Dispensing, Handling, Transfer, and Use of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids.
66.19 Specific Operations.
66.20 Reserved.
66.21 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Tanks — Requirements for All Storage Tanks.
66.22 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Tanks — Aboveground Storage Tanks.
66.23 Storage of Ignitible (Flammable or Combustible) Liquids in Tanks — Underground Tanks.
66.24 Storage Tank Buildings.
66.25 Storage Tank Vaults.
66.26 Reserved.
66.27 Piping Systems.
66.28 Bulk Loading and Unloading Facilities for Tank Cars and Tank Vehicles.
66.29 Wharves.
Chapter 67 Flammable Solids
67.1 General.
Chapter 68 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids
68.1 General.
Chapter 69 Liquefied Petroleum Gases and Liquefied Natural Gases
69.1 General Provisions.
69.2 LP-Gas Equipment and Appliances.
69.3 Installation of LP-Gas Systems.
69.4 LP-Gas Liquid Transfer.
69.5 Storage of Cylinders Awaiting Use, Resale, or Exchange.
69.6 Vehicular Transportation of LP-Gas.
69.7 LP-Gases at Utility Plants.
69.8 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facilities.
Chapter 70 Oxidizer Solids and Liquids
70.1 General.
Chapter 71 Pyrophoric Solids and Liquids
71.1 General.
Chapter 72 Unstable (Reactive) Solids and Liquids
72.1 General.
Chapter 73 Water-Reactive Solids and Liquids
73.1 General.
Chapter 74 Ammonium Nitrate
74.1 General.
Chapter 75 Organic Peroxide Solids and Liquids
75.1 General.
Annex A Explanatory Material
Annex B Sample Ordinance Adopting the NFPA 1, Fire Code
Annex C Fire Fighter Safety Building Marking System
Annex D Firefighter Breathing-Air Replenishment Systems
Annex E Fire Sprinkler Disclosure Statement for One- and Two-Family Dwellings
Annex F Informational References

The scope includes, but is not limited to, the following: (1) Inspection of permanent and temporary buildings, processes, equipment, systems, and other fire and rela‐ ted life safety situations (2) Investigation of fires, explosions, hazardous materials incidents, and other related emergency incidents (3) Review of construction plans, drawings, and specifica‐ tions for life safety systems, fire protection systems, access, water supplies, processes, hazardous materials, and other fire and life safety issues (4) Fire and life safety education of fire brigades, employees, responsible parties, and the general public (5) Existing occupancies and conditions, the design and construction of new buildings, remodeling of existing buildings, and additions to existing buildings (6) Design, installation, alteration, modification, construc‐ tion, maintenance, repairs, servicing, and testing of fire protection systems and equipment (7) Installation, use, storage, and handling of medical gas systems Access requirements for fire department operations (9) Hazards from outside fires in vegetation, trash, building debris, and other materials (10) Regulation and control of special events including, but not limited to, assemblage of people, exhibits, trade shows, amusement parks, haunted houses, outdoor events, and other similar special temporary and perma‐ nent occupancies (11) Interior finish, decorations, furnishings, and other combustibles that contribute to fire spread, fire load, and smoke production (12) Storage, use, processing, handling, and on-site transpor‐ tation of flammable and combustible gases, liquids, and solids (13) Storage, use, processing, handling, and on-site transpor‐ tation of hazardous materials (14) Control of emergency operations and scenes (15) Conditions affecting fire fighter safety (16) Arrangement, design, construction, and alteration of new and existing means of egress