NS EN 13261 : 2009 + A1 2010

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Product definition
  3.1 Chemical composition
  3.2 Mechanical characteristics
  3.3 Microstructure characteristics
  3.4 Material cleanliness
  3.5 Permeability to ultrasound
  3.6 Residual stresses
  3.7 Surface characteristics
  3.8 Geometrical and dimensional tolerances
  3.9 Protection against corrosion and against mechanical
       aggression
  3.10 Marking
Annex A (normative) Particular characteristics for axles of
        steel grade EA1T and EA4T
        A.1 Chemical composition
        A.2 Mechanical characteristics
        A.3 Microstructure characteristics
Annex B (normative) Standard wedge for measurement of permeability
        to ultrasound
        B.1 Test piece
        B.2 Tolerances of the wedge
        B.3 Steel grade
Annex C (normative) Method to assess resistance to impact of the
        coating
        C.1 Principle
        C.2 Test piece
        C.3 Apparatus
        C.4 Procedure
        C.5 Expression of results
Annex D (normative) Method to assess resistance to impact of the
        coating
        D.1 Principle
        D.2 Test piece
        D.3 Apparatus
        D.4 Procedure
        D.5 Expression of results
Annex E (normative) Method to assess the resistance of the
        coating to specific corrosive products
        E.1 Principle
        E.2 Test piece
        E.3 Apparatus
        E.4 Corrosive products
        E.5 Procedure
        E.6 Expression of results
Annex F (normative) Method to assess the resistance of the coating
        to cyclic mechanical stresses
        F.1 Purpose
        F.2 Principle
        F.3 Test piece
        F.4 Apparatus
        F.5 Procedure
        F.6 Expression of results
Annex G (normative) Measurement of the hydrogen content in the
        steel for axles at the melting stage
        G.1 Sampling
        G.2 Analysis methods
        G.3 Precautions
Annex H (informative) Drawings of test pieces
Annex I (informative) Product qualification
        I.1 General
        I.2 Requirements
        I.3 Qualification procedure
        I.4 Qualification certificate
        I.5 Qualification file
Annex J (informative) Product delivery
        J.1 General
        J.2 Delivery condition
        J.3 Controls on each axle
        J.4 Batch control
        J.5 Quality plan
        J.6 Allowable rectification
Bibliography

Describes the characteristics of axles for use on European networks. Gives characteristics of forged or rolled solid and hollow axles, made from vacuum-degassed steel grade EA1N1 that is the most commonly used grade on European networks. For hollow axles, applies only to those that are manufactured by machining of a hole in a forged or rolled solid axle in addition, the particular characteristics for axles in grade EA1T1 and EA4T1. Two categories of axle are defined, category 1 and category 2. Generally, category 1 is chosen when the operational speed is higher than 200 km/h. Applies to axles that are designed in accordance with the requirements of EN 13103 and EN 13104.