PD 6519-3:1999

INTRODUCTION
Clause
1 General
    1.1 Scope
    1.2 General remarks
    1.3 Normative references
    1.4 Definitions
2 Characteristics of the impedance of the body of livestock
    2.1 Internal impedance of animals (Zi)
    2.2 Impedance of the hide and skin (Zp)
    2.3 Impedance (resistance) of the hoof (Zh, Rh)
    2.4 Total body impedance (ZT)
    2.5 Initial body resistance (Ro)
3 Values of the total body impedance (ZT)
4 Values of the initial resistance of the body (Ro)
5 Effects on livestock of sinusoidal alternating current
    in the range from 15 Hz to 100 Hz
    5.1 Threshold of reaction
    5.2 Threshold of immobilization
    5.3 Threshold of ventricular fibrillation
Bibliography
Figures
Figure 1 - Current flow and impedances of the relevant
             parts of the body of a cow for current path
             from the nose to the legs
Figure 2 - Diagrams for an animal, for a current path
             from the nose to the forelegs (path A) and
             and from the forelegs to the hindlegs (path B)
Figure 3 - Diagram for the total body impedance for cattle
             for a percentage of 5% of the population
Figure 4 - Ventricular fibrillation for sheep
Figure 5 - Minimum fibrillating currents of sheep as a
             function of weight for a shock duration of 3 s
Figure 6 - Minimum fibrillating currents (average) of
             various species of livestock as a function of
             weight for a shock duration of 3 s
Tables
Table 1 - Impedance (resistance) of the hooves of cattle
            (Zh, Rh) for a.c. voltages up to 230 V, 50/60 Hz
Table 2 - Total body impedances ZT for a.c. 50/60 Hz for
            cattle for touch voltages up to 230 V
Table 3 - Initial body resistance Ro for cattle
Table 4 - Threshold of ventricular fibrillation for a.c.
            50/60 Hz for different species of livestock,
            for a shock duration of 3 s

Defines values for the electrical impedance of the body of livestock as a function of the touch voltage, the degree of moisture of the hide or skin and the current path. At this time values are only available for cattle. Describes the effects of sinusoidal alternating current within the frequency range from 15 Hz to 100 Hz passing through the body of livestock.

This part of ISO 877 provides information and general guidance on the selection and use of the methods of exposure to solar radiation described in detail in subsequent parts of ISO 877. These methods of exposure to solar radiation are applicable to plastics materials of all kinds as well as to products and portions of products.

It also specifies methods for determining radiant exposure.

It does not include direct weathering using black-box test fixtures, which simulate higher end-use temperatures in some applications.

NOTE ASTM G 7 ^[1] and ASTM D 4141 ^[2] describe black-box exposure tests.