PD CEN/TS 16439:2013

Foreword
0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviations
5 Trust model
6 Security requirements
7 Security measures - countermeasures
8 Security specifications for interoperable interface
  implementation
9 Key management
Annex A (normative) - Data type specification
Annex B (normative) - Implementation Conformance
        Statement (ICS) proforma
Annex C (informative) - Stakeholder objectives and generic
        requirements
Annex D (informative) - Threat analysis
Annex E (informative) - Security Policies
Annex F (informative) - Example for an EETS Security
        Policy
Annex G (informative) - Requirements on privacy-focused
        implementation
Bibliography

Specifies the roles and functions as well as the internal and external entities of the EFC system environment.

1.1 EFC specific scope

ISO 17573 defines the roles and functions as well as the internal and external entities of the EFC system environment. Based on the system architecture defined in ISO 17573, the security framework describes a set of requirements and security measures for stakeholders to implement and operate their part of an EFC system as required for a trustworthy environment according to its basic information security policy. In general, the overall scope is an information security framework for all organisational and technical entities and in detail for the interfaces between them.

Figure 3 below illustrates the abstract EFC system model used to analyse the threats, define the security requirements and security measures of this Technical Specification. This Technical Specification is based on the assumption of an OBE which is dedicated to EFC purposes only and neither considers value added services based on EFC OBE, nor more generic OBE platforms (called in-vehicle ITS Stations) used to host the EFC application.

The trust model comprises all basic assumptions and principles for establishing trust between the stakeholders. The trust model forms the basis for the implementation of cryptographic procedures to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and partly non-repudiation of exchanged data.

The scope of this security framework comprises the following:

• general information security objectives of the stakeholders;

• threat analysis;

• definition of a trust model;

• security requirements;

• security measures – countermeasures;

• security specifications for interface implementation;

• key management;

• security policies;

• privacy-enabled implementations.

The following is outside the scope of this Technical Specification:

• a complete risk assessment for an EFC system;

• security issues rising from an EFC application running on an ITS station;

NOTE Security issues associated with an EFC application running on an ITS station will be covered in a CEN Technical Report on \'Guidelines for EFC-applications based on in vehicle ITS Stations\' that is being developed at the time of publication of this document.

• entities and interfaces of the interoperability management role;

• the technical trust relation of the model between TSP and User;

• a complete specification and description of all necessary security measures to all identified threats;

• concrete implementation specifications for implementation of security for EFC system, e.g. European electronic toll service (EETS);

• detailed specifications required for privacy-friendly EFC implementations.

The detailed scope of the bullet points and the clause with the corresponding content is given below:

• General information security objectives of the stakeholders (informative, Annex C)

  To derive actual security requirements and define implementations, it is crucial to gain a common understanding of the possible different perspectives and objectives of such stakeholders of a toll charging environment.

• Threat analysis (informative, Annex D)

The threat analysis is the basis and motivation for all the security requirements resulting in this framework. The results from two complementary approaches will be combined in one common set of requirements. The first approach considers a number of threat scenarios from the perspective of various attackers. The second approach looks in depth on threats against the various identified assets (tangible and intangible entities).

• Definition of a trust model (normative, Clause 5)

The trust model comprises all basic assumptions and principles for establishing trust between the stakeholders. The trust model forms the basis for the implementation of cryptographic procedures to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and partly non-repudiation of exchanged data.

• Security requirements (normative, Clause 6)

Based on the threat analysis, security requirements are defined (e.g. for organisational and technical entities, interfaces, information etc) from which a system operator can draw its own applicable set according to the actual security policy. No concrete implementation specifications will be given as they are strongly dependent on the actual context of the toll charging environment and the relations between the stakeholders. A basic risk analysis of the interfaces shown in Figure 4 introduces the minimum set of security requirements for the protection of these interfaces.

• Security measures - countermeasures (normative, Clause 7)

A set of security measures mainly for data protocol layer of interfaces according to Figure 4 based on the requirements is defined to support actual EFC system implementations and as a base for the security specifications for interoperable interface implementation.

• Security specifications for interface implementation (normative, Clause 8)

To support the future implementation of (interoperable) toll charging environments, this specification provides precise implementation specifications for the interfaces, e.g. the detailed definition of message authenticators. These specifications represent an add-on for security to the corresponding standards. Figure 4 shows the relevant interfaces and the corresponding standards which need to be enhanced by proper security provisions.

• Key management (normative, Clause 9)

The toll charging environment uses cryptographic elements (keys, certificates, revocation lists etc) to support security services like confidentiality, authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation. This section of thespecification covers the initial setup of key exchange between stakeholders and several operational procedures like key renewal, certificate revocation etc.

specification covers the initial setup of key exchange between stakeholders and several operational procedures like key renewal, certificate revocation etc.

• Implementation conformance statement (ICS) proforma (Annex B)

Annex B defines the implementation conformance statement proforma to be used by an equipment supplier, a system implementation or an actor of a role declaring his conformity to this Technical Specification.

• Security policies (informative, Annex E and Annex F)

As an aid for using this Technical Specification to build up a secure system, some examples are provided of what security policies could look like for a concrete interoperability framework (including European electronic toll service).

• Privacy-enabled implementations (informative, Annex G)

Respecting privacy is crucial for the implementation of every toll charging environment. However, different Toll Chargers may have different requirements on the level of privacy. This Technical Specification supports implementations with respect to privacy, but does not mandate one specific implementation. Therefore, it summarises the general requirements and conditions in relation to data privacy.

1.2 Scope in relation to other security frameworks

In general the overall scope is an information security framework for all organisational and technical entities of an EFC environment and in detail for the interfaces between them. This Technical Specification covers only the EFC specific aspects and not general IT security aspects. A general and complete IT security guideline, the Information Security Management System, is provided in the ISO 2700x family of standards.

A corresponding ISO/IEC 27001 certification of a TC or Toll Service Provider (TSP) organisation may be used to demonstrate fulfilment of this Technical Specification provided that the scope and the Statements of Applicability (SoA) include the EFC business processes specified in ISO 17573 and the security measures provided by this Technical Specification are applied, e.g. by using them as part of the so-called catalogues containing the security measures and control objectives.