SAE AIR1168/3

SECTION 3A - AIR CONDITIONING LOAD ANALYSIS
1 INTRODUCTION
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Nomenclature
  1.3 Common Abbreviations
2 PHYSIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS
  2.1 Effective Temperature
3 STATEMENT OF HEATING AND COOLING LOAD EQUATIONS
  3.1 Heat Transfer Between the Air and Skin
  3.2 Heat Transfer Between the Skin and Occupied Areas
4 SKIN TEMPERATURE COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
  4.2 Skin Temperature at Flight Conditions Less Than Mach 2
  4.2 Skin Temperature Flight Above Mach 2
  4.3 Skin Temperature at Ground Static Conditions
5 COOLING LOADS DUE TO RADIATION THROUGH TRANSPARENT AREAS
6 HEATING AND COOLING LOADS DUE TO INTERNAL SOURCES
  6.1 Sensible and Latent Heat Emission by Occupants
  6.2 Electrical Load
7 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DETERMINATION OF OVERALL
  HEATING AND COOLING LOADS
  7.1 Conditions that Establish Heating and Cooling Loads
  7.2 Example of Cooling and Heating Load Calculation
8 EXAMPLE OF SKIN TEMPERATURE COMPUTATION AT HIGH MACH NUMBER
9 REFERENCES
SECTION 3B - REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DESIGN
1 INTRODUCTION
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Nomenclature
  1.3 Common Abbreviations
  1.4 Definitions of Available Heat Sinks
2 AIR CYCLE SYSTEMS
  2.1 Basic Considerations and Cycle Components
  2.2 Analysis of Basic Air Cycle System
  2.3 Air Cycle Systems (Open and Closed Circuits)
  2.4 Combination Air Cycle and Expendable Coolant Systems
  2.5 Comparison of Air Cycle Systems
  2.6 Water Separator Applications
3 VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEMS
  3.1 Basic Considerations and Cycle Components
  3.2 Analysis of Basic Vapor Cycle System
  3.3 Vapor Cycle Systems Variants
  3.4 Expendable Refrigerant Vapor Cycle Systems
  3.5 Comparison of Vapor Cycle Systems
4 COMBINED VAPOR CYCLE AND AIR CYCLE SYSTEMS
5 THERMOELECTRIC COOLING
  5.1 General Discussion
  5.2 Present Application
  5.3 Fundamental Theory
  5.4 Application
6 REFERENCES
SECTION 3C - HEATING SYSTEM DESIGN
1 INTRODUCTION
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Common Abbreviations
2 HEATING METHODS
  2.1 Bypass Systems
  2.2 Electric Heaters
  2.3 Radiant Panels
  2.4 Combustion Heaters
  2.5 Exhaust Heating
3 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4 REFERENCES
SECTION 3D - AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN
1 INTRODUCTION
  1.1 Scope
  1.2 Nomenclature
  1.3 Common Abbreviations
2 LOW PRESSURE SYSTEMS
  2.1 Introduction
  2.2 Physiological Requirements in Cabin Air Systems
  2.3 Design Approach, Cabin Air Systems
  2.4 Air Jet Behavior
  2.5 Velocities Near Return Grilles
  2.6 Flow Straighteners for Outlets
  2.7 Air Flow Quantity
  2.8 Outlet Locations
  2.9 General Exhaust Locations
  2.10 Duct Mixing: Airstreams of Different Temperature
  2.11 Flight Station Air Distribution
  2.12 Air Distribution in Fighter Cockpits
  2.13 Equipment Ventilation for Heat Removal
3 HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS
  3.1 Engine Bleed Systems
  3.2 Distribution System Schematics
4 REFERENCES

Gives methods and examples of computing the steady-state heating and cooling loads of aircraft compartments.

This section presents methods and examples of computing the steady-state heating and cooling loads of aircraft compartments. In a steady-state process the flows of heat throughout the system are stabilized and thus do not change with time. In an aircraft compartment, several elements compose the steady-state air conditioning load. Transfer of heat occurs between these sources and sinks by the combined processes of convection, radiation, and conduction in the following manner:1Convection between the boundary layer and the outer airplane skin.2Radiation between the external skin and the external environment.3Solar radiation through transparent areas directly on flight personnel and equipment and on the cabin interior surfaces.4Conduction through the cabin walls and structural members.5Convection between the interior cabin surface and the cabin air.6Convection between cabin air and flight personnel or equipment.7Convection and radiation from internal sources of heat such as electrical equipment.The subsequent paragraphs discuss methods of determining each of the heat transfer rates listed above, as well as the physiological considerations involved in the selection of proper cabin conditions that are to be maintained.