SAE AIR5450

1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCES AND NOMENCLATURE
3. DEFINITIONS AND METHODOLOGY
4. ENGINE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND CONFIGURATIONS
5. INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS
6. THRUST METHOD OPTIONS
7. AERODYNAMIC AND PROPULSION TESTING
8. IN-FLIGHT THRUST VALIDATION
9. THRUST UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
10. OTHER OPERATING MODES REQUIRING CONSIDERATION
APPENDIX A - ADP IN FLIGHT THRUST CALCULATION, BPR = 6
APPENDIX B - ADP IN FLIGHT THRUST CALCULATION, BPR = 12
APPENDIX C - ADP IN FLIGHT THRUST CALCULATION, BPR = 15
APPENDIX D - GENERALIZED THRUST - LOW ROTOR SPEED
             (N[1,R]) COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 6
             ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E - GENERALIZED THRUST - LOW ROTOR SPEED
             (N[1,R]) COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 12
             ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX F - GENERALIZED THRUST - LOW ROTOR SPEED
             (N[1,R]) COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 15
             ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX G - GENERALIZED THRUST - LOW ROTOR SPEED
             (N[1,R]) COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 6
             ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX H - GENERALIZED THRUST - LOW ROTOR SPEED
             (N[1,R]) COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 12
             ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX I - GENERALIZED THRUST - LOW ROTOR SPEED
             (N[1,R]) COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 15
             ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX J - GENERALIZED THRUST - FUEL FLOW (W[F,R])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE
             AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX K - GENERALIZED THRUST - FUEL FLOW (W[F,R])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE
             AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX L - GENERALIZED THRUST - FUEL FLOW (W[F,R])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE
             AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX M - GENERALIZED THRUST - FUEL FLOW (W[F,R])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE
             AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX N - GENERALIZED THRUST - FUEL FLOW (W[F,R])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE
             AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX O - GENERALIZED THRUST - FUEL FLOW (W[F,R])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE
             AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX P - GENERALIZED THRUST - CORE ENGINE
             PRESSURE RATIO (CEPR) COORELATION USING ATF
             BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX Q - GENERALIZED THRUST - CORE ENGINE
             PRESSURE RATIO (CEPR) COORELATION USING ATF
             BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX R - GENERALIZED THRUST - CORE ENGINE
             PRESSURE RATIO (CEPR) COORELATION USING ATF
             BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX S - GENERALIZED THRUST - CORE ENGINE
             PRESSURE RATIO (CEPR) COORELATION USING ATF
             BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX T - GENERALIZED THRUST - CORE ENGINE
             PRESSURE RATIO (CEPR) COORELATION USING ATF
             BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX U - GENERALIZED THRUST - CORE ENGINE
             PRESSURE RATIO (CEPR) COORELATION USING ATF
             BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX V - GENERALIZED THRUST - TORQUE (TRQ[L])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE AT
             CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX W - GENERALIZED THRUST - TORQUE (TRQ[L])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE AT
             CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX X - GENERALIZED THRUST - TORQUE (TRQ[L])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE AT
             CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX Y - GENERALIZED THRUST - TORQUE (TRQ[L])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE AT
             TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX Z - GENERALIZED THRUST - TORQUE (TRQ[L])
             COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE AT
             TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX AA - GENERALIZED THRUST - TORQUE (TRQ[L])
              COORELATION USING ATF BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE AT
              TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX BB - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING ATF BYPASS
              RATIO 6 ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX CC - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING ATF BYPASS
              RATIO 12 ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX DD - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING ATF BYPASS
              RATIO 15 ENGINE AT CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX EE - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING ATF BYPASS
              RATIO 6 ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX FF - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING ATF BYPASS
              RATIO 12 ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX GG - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING ATF BYPASS
              RATIO 15 ENGINE AT TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX HH - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING GLTF AND
              RESIDUAL ERROR (RERR) BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE AT
              CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX II - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING GLTF AND
              RESIDUAL ERROR (RERR) BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE AT
              CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX JJ - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING GLTF AND
              RESIDUAL ERROR (RERR) BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE AT
              CRUISE CONDITIONS
APPENDIX KK - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING GLTF AND
              RESIDUAL ERROR (RERR) BYPASS RATIO 6 ENGINE AT
              TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX LL - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING GLTF AND
              RESIDUAL ERROR (RERR) BYPASS RATIO 12 ENGINE AT
              TAKEOFF CONDITIONS
APPENDIX MM - GAS PATH/NOZZLE METHOD USING GLTF AND
              RESIDUAL ERROR (RERR) BYPASS RATIO 15 ENGINE AT
              TAKEOFF CONDITIONS

Describes methods and the additional challenges to the thrust determination for these ADP engines.

The emerging ultra high bypass ratio ADP engines, with nozzle pressure ratios significantly lower, and bypass ratios significantly higher, than those of the current turbofan engines, may present new in-flight thrust determination challenges that are not specifically covered in AIR1703. This document addresses candidate methods and the additional challenges to the thrust determination for these ADP engines.These novel challenges result in part from the fact that some large ADP engines exceed present altitude test facility capabilities. The traditional methods of nozzle coefficient extrapolation may not be most satisfactory because of the increased error due to the ADP higher ratio of gross to net thrust, and because of the increased sensitivity of in-flight thrust uncertainty at the lower fan nozzle pressure ratio. An additional challenge covered by this document is the higher sensitivity of ADP in-flight thrust uncertainty to the external flow field around the engine, and the changes in this flow field due to aircraft configuration and operations.Calibrations for in-flight thrust determination for these ADP engines may have to be based on other alternate methods. Recently, large size turbo powered simulators (TPS) of propulsion systems (including the nacelle) have been developed and thus provide a new capability for in-flight thrust determination. Furthermore Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis may prove to be a viable supplement to ground (sea level) engine testing and sub-scale model coefficient extrapolations to cruise conditions. These recent developments are described within along with their associated error assessments.The candidate thrust methods build on the work presented in AIR1703. The document includes a comprehensive uncertainty assessment conducted per AIR1678 to identify the major thrust determination options. Fundamental to this uncertainty assessment are the influence coefficients relating in-flight thrust calculation uncertainty to the measured parameters and derived coefficients. These influence coefficients were developed from three typical public domain, generic engine cycle models.For the major potential thrust determination options, the overall thrust and airflow calibration processes are defined in detail. Road maps are included showing model, engine and flight-tests, measurements and correlations, calibration procedures and analyses. The document addresses the pros and cons of each of the major thrust determination options, including a discussion of the key assumptions and expected uncertainties.