Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 References
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Limitations of test results
5.1 Variability
5.2 Accuracy, trueness and precision
5.3 Relevance and significance
6 Distribution of results and measures
of central tendency
6.1 Principles
6.2 Methodology
6.2.1 Types of distribution
6.2.2 Measures of central tendency
6.2.3 Measures of dispersion
6.2.4 Transformation to normal
distribution
6.2.5 Test of departure from normality
6.3 Applications to rubber testing
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Tensile testing
6.3.3 Fatigue
6.3.4 Conversion to normal distribution
6.3.5 Other uses of the median
7 Confidence limits and significant
difference
7.1 Principles
7.2 Methodology
7.2.1 Confidence limits and confidence
intervals
7.2.2 Significant difference
7.3 Applications to rubber testing
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Confidence limits and specification
limits
7.3.3 Comparison of results
8 Ranking methods
8.1 Principles
8.2 Methodology
8.2.1 Friedman's test
8.2.2 The outside count test
8.3 Applications to rubber testing
9 Criteria for rejecting outliers
9.1 Principles
9.2 Methodology
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Dixon's test
9.2.3 Cochran's test for variance
9.3 Applications to rubber testing
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Dixon's test applied to individual
results
9.3.3 Cochran's variance test
9.3.4 Dixon's test applied to a group
of mean values
10 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
10.1 Principles
10.2 Methodology
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 One factor with an equal
number of replicates
10.2.3 One factor with a variable
number of replicates
10.2.4 Two (and over) factor analysis
of variance
10.3 Applications to rubber testing
11 Regression analysis
11.1 Principles
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Linear least squares
11.2.3 Quadratic least squares
11.2.4 Cubic least squares
11.3 Applications to rubber testing
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 The effect of temperature on
compression set
11.3.3 Effect of ageing on tensile
strength
11.3.4 Temperature of retraction test
12 Uncertainty of measurement
12.1 Principles
12.2 Methodology
12.2.1 Compilation of a single value for
uncertainty
12.2.2 Random uncertainty (U[r])
12.2.3 Systematic uncertainty (U[s])
12.2.4 Deviation of a single
value of total uncertainty
12.2.5 Reporting of results
12.3 Applications to rubber testing
13 Sampling
13.1 Principles
13.2 Methodology
13.2.1 General
13.2.2 Acceptable quality level and
limiting quality
13.2.3 Assessment of nonconformity
13.2.4 Inspection levels
13.2.5 Plans for sampling by attributes
13.2.6 Random sampling
13.3 Applications to rubber testing
14 Number of test pieces
14.1 Principles
14.2 Methodology
14.3 Applications to rubber testing
14.3.1 General
14.3.2 Refinement of confidence limits
14.3.3 Refinement of a pass/fail status
15 Expression of results
15.1 Principles
15.2 Methodology
15.2.1 The test report
15.2.2 Rounding
15.3 Applications to rubber testing
15.3.1 General
15.3.2 Construction of a histogram
15.3.3 Examples of rounding
16 Precision statements
16.1 General
16.2 Principles
16.3 Methodology
16.4 Applications to rubber testing
17 Design of experiments
17.1 General information and principles
17.1.1 General information
17.1.2 Principles
17.2 Methodology
17.2.1 General
17.2.2 Descriptive experiments
17.2.3 Comparative experiments
17.2.4 Response experiments
17.3 Applications to rubber testing
17.3.1 Descriptive experiments
17.3.2 Comparative experiments
17.3.3 Response experiments
18 Statistical quality control
18.1 Principles
18.2 Methodology
18.2.1 General
18.2.2 Control charts by attributes
18.2.3 Control charts by variables
18.3 Applications to rubber testing
18.3.1 General
18.3.2 Control charts
18.3.3 Cusum chart
Annex A (informative) - Mathematical form of the
distribution functions
referenced in this
International Standard
Annex B (informative) - Additional forms of mean value
Annex C (informative) - Inter-relationships for measures
of central tendency in the double
exponential and Weibull distributions
Annex D (informative) - Equation for the calculation of
standard deviation
Annex E (informative) - Construction of Weibull probability
paper
Annex F (informative) - Equations for the calculation of
Student's t-values
Annex G (informative) - Analysis of variance
Annex H (informative) - Equations for the calculation
of regression coefficients
Annex I (informative) - The intercal method
Bibliography