AS 2118.1-1999

1 - AS 2118.1-1999 AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
8 - FOREWORD
9 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
9 - 1.1 SCOPE
9 - 1.2 OBJECTIVE
9 - 1.3 APPLICATION
9 - 1.4 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
9 - 1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.6.1 Alarm signalling equipment (ASE)
9 - 1.6.2 Alarm valve
9 - 1.6.3 Assumed area of operation
10 - 1.6.4 Building owner
10 - 1.6.5 Compartment
10 - 1.6.6 Effective height
10 - 1.6.7 Encapsulated
10 - 1.6.8 Fire and draught stop
10 - 1.6.9 Installation
10 - 1.6.10 Listed
10 - 1.6.11 Monitoring service
11 - 1.6.12 Multiple controls
11 - 1.6.13 Net positive suction head (NPSH)
11 - 1.6.14 Open joists and exposed common rafters
11 - 1.6.15 Post or box pallet
11 - 1.6.16 Relevant authority
11 - 1.6.17 Special sprinkler
12 - 1.6.18 Special sprinkler system
12 - 1.6.19 Sprayers
12 - 1.6.20 Sprinkler-protected area
12 - 1.6.21 Sprinkler-protected building
12 - 1.6.22 Sprinkler system
13 - 1.6.23 Standard sprinkler system
13 - 1.6.24 Standard sprinkler
15 - SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS AND DESIGN DATA
15 - 2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS
15 - 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCIES
15 - 2.3 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
15 - 2.3.1 General
16 - 2.3.2 Standard sprinkler system
20 - 2.3.3 Special sprinkler systems
22 - 2.4 DESIGN DATA
23 - SECTION 3 INSTALLATION
23 - 3.1 SPRINKLER-PROTECTED BUILDINGS
23 - 3.1.1 Extent of sprinkler protection
23 - 3.1.2 Protection against exposure hazards
25 - 3.1.3 Permitted exceptions
26 - 3.2 TRANSMISSION OF ALARM SIGNAL TO FIRE BRIGADE
26 - 3.3 LOCAL ALARM
27 - 3.4 SYSTEM COMPONENT FAULT MONITORING
27 - 3.4.1 General
27 - 3.4.2 Monitoring devices
27 - 3.4.3 Systems to be monitored
27 - 3.4.4 Components to be monitored
28 - 3.4.5 Installation
29 - SECTION 4 WATER SUPPLIES
29 - 4.1 GENERAL
29 - 4.1.1 Requirements
29 - 4.1.2 Additives
29 - 4.2 ACCEPTABLE SOURCES OF SUPPLY
30 - 4.3 WATER SUPPLY GRADES
30 - 4.3.1 General
30 - 4.3.2 Grade 3 water supplies
30 - 4.3.3 Grade 2 water supplies
31 - 4.3.4 Grade 1 water supplies
41 - 4.4 CONNECTIONS TO OTHER SERVICES
41 - 4.4.1 General
42 - 4.4.2 Fire hose reel connections
42 - 4.4.3 Fire brigade booster connection
43 - 4.5 PRESSURE AND FLOW REQUIREMENTS
43 - 4.6 PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS
43 - 4.7 MINIMUM CAPACITY OF STORED WATER SUPPLIES
43 - 4.8 PUMP SUCTION TANKS
43 - 4.8.1 General
44 - 4.8.2 Effective capacity
46 - 4.8.3 Vortex inhibitor
47 - 4.8.4 Supply from inexhaustible source
50 - 4.9 PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES
50 - 4.9.1 General
50 - 4.9.2 Elevated private reservoirs
50 - 4.9.3 Gravity tanks
50 - 4.10 TOWN MAINS
50 - 4.10.1 Direct supply from town mains
51 - 4.10.2 Pump drawing from town mains
52 - 4.11 PUMP INSTALLATIONS
52 - 4.11.1 General requirements
52 - 4.11.2 Pump operating conditions
53 - 4.11.3 Suction piping
53 - 4.11.4 Performance requirements for pumps
53 - 4.12 PUMPSETS
58 - 4.13 PRESSURE TANKS
58 - 4.13.1 General
58 - 4.13.2 Special requirements
60 - 4.14 PROVING OF WATER SUPPLIES
62 - SECTION 5 SPACING AND LOCATION OF SPRINKLERS
62 - 5.1 STANDARD SPACING
62 - 5.2 STAGGERED SPACING
62 - 5.3 MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLERS
62 - 5.4 LOCATION OF SPRINKLERS (OTHER THAN SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS)
62 - 5.4.1 General
62 - 5.4.2 Walls and partitions
64 - 5.4.3 Ceilings, roofs and underside of stairs
64 - 5.4.4 Beams and joists
65 - 5.4.5 Columns
65 - 5.4.6 Girders
65 - 5.4.7 Roof trusses
65 - 5.4.8 Clear space below sprinklers
67 - 5.5 SPACING AND LOCATION OF SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS
67 - 5.5.1 General
67 - 5.5.2 Maximum spacing of sidewall sprinklers
68 - 5.5.3 Distance between rows of sprinklers
68 - 5.6 LOCATIONS OR CONDITIONS INVOLVING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION (SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTION)
68 - 5.6.1 Concealed spaces
69 - 5.6.2 Spaces under ground floors
69 - 5.6.3 Hydraulic design-Concealed spaces
70 - 5.6.4 Machinery pits and production lines
70 - 5.6.5 Hoists, lift shafts, building services shafts and enclosed chutes
70 - 5.6.6 Elevators, rope or strap races, exhaust ducts, gearing boxes and dust receivers
70 - 5.6.7 Corn, rice, provender and oil mills
71 - 5.6.8 Bins and silos
71 - 5.6.9 Escalators
71 - 5.6.10 Canopies
71 - 5.6.11 Roof overhang
71 - 5.6.12 Exterior docks and platforms
72 - 5.6.13 Covered balconies
72 - 5.6.14 Enclosed paint lines, drying ovens, drying enclosures
72 - 5.6.15 Spray booths
72 - 5.6.16 Oil and flammable liquid hazards
72 - 5.6.17 Commercial type cooking equipment and associated ventilation systems
75 - 5.6.18 Air-handling plant
75 - 5.6.19 Computer and other electronic equipment areas
75 - 5.7 OBSTRUCTIONS BELOW SPRINKLERS
75 - 5.7.1 General
75 - 5.7.2 Overhead platforms
76 - 5.7.3 Ducts and bulkheads
76 - 5.7.4 Suspended ceilings
76 - 5.7.5 Suspended open grid ceilings
76 - 5.7.6 Hoods over papermaking machines
76 - 5.7.7 Storage racks
76 - 5.7.8 Storage fixtures of solid and slatted shelved construction
77 - 5.8 FILM AND TELEVISION PRODUCTION STUDIOS
77 - 5.8.1 Overhead platforms and walkways
77 - 5.8.2 Concealed spaces and cavities
77 - 5.9 THEATRES AND MUSIC HALLS (PROTECTION ON THE STAGE SIDE OF THE PROSCENIUM WALL)
77 - 5.10 COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSE
77 - 5.10.1 General
78 - 5.10.2 Piping within the cold chamber
80 - SECTION 6 SPRINKLERS, SPRAYERS AND MULTIPLE CONTROLS
80 - 6.1 GENERAL
80 - 6.2 TYPES OF SPRINKLERS, SPRAYERS AND MULTIPLE CONTROLS
80 - 6.2.1 Standard sprinklers
80 - 6.2.2 Special sprinklers
80 - 6.2.3 Sprayers
81 - 6.2.4 Multiple controls
81 - 6.3 STANDARD SPRINKLE K FACTORS, ORIFICE AND THREAD SIZES
81 - 6.4 APPLICATION OF SPRINKLER TYPES
81 - 6.5 TEMPERATURE RATINGS
82 - 6.6 COLOUR CODING
82 - 6.7 STOCK OF REPLACEMENT SPRINKLERS
82 - 6.7.1 Special sprinklers
82 - 6.8 ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF SPRINKLERS
82 - 6.9 SPRINKLER GUARDS
83 - 6.10 ESCUTCHEON PLATE ASSEMBLIES
83 - 6.11 PROTECTION AGAINST FROST
84 - SECTION 7 PIPING
84 - 7.1 PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS
84 - 7.2 HYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE
84 - 7.3 PIPING IN NON-SPRINKLER-PROTECTED BUILDINGS
84 - 7.4 HAZARDOUS PROCESSES AND EXPLOSION HAZARD - SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING PIPING AND VALVES
84 - 7.5 SLOPE OF PIPES FOR DRAINAGE
85 - 7.6 LOW LEVEL DRAINAGE
85 - 7.7 PIPE SIZES
85 - 7.8 ORIFICE PLATES
85 - 7.9 SUPPORT OF SPRINKLER PIPING
86 - SECTION 8 VALVES AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
86 - 8.1 CONTROL ASSEMBLIES
86 - 8.2 STOP VALVES
86 - 8.2.1 General
86 - 8.2.2 Main stop valves
86 - 8.2.3 Stop valves controlling water supplies
87 - 8.2.4 Subsidiary stop valves
87 - 8.3 BLOCK PLAN
87 - 8.4 LOCATION PLATE
88 - 8.5 EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS
88 - 8.6 NON-RETURN (BACK PRESSURE) VALVES
88 - 8.7 ALARM VALVES
88 - 8.7.1 Alarm valves (wet)
88 - 8.7.2 Alarm valves (dry)
89 - 8.7.3 Composite alarm valves
89 - 8.7.4 Identification of alarm valves and alarm gongs
89 - 8.7.5 Accelerators or exhausters for alarm valves (dry system)
89 - 8.8 PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
89 - 8.9 DELUGE AND PRE-ACTION VALVES
89 - 8.9.1 Deluge valves
89 - 8.9.2 Pre-action valves
90 - 8.10 ALARM DEVICES
90 - 8.10.1 General
90 - 8.10.2 Prevention of false alarms
90 - 8.10.3 Local water motor alarms
90 - 8.10.4 Fire alarm signal
91 - 8.10.5 Pressure switches
91 - 8.10.6 Testing of alarm devices
91 - 8.11 REMOTE TEST VALVES
92 - 8.12 PRESSURE GAUGES
94 - SECTION 9 LIGHT HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS
94 - 9.1 SCOPE
94 - 9.2 DESIGN DATA
94 - 9.3 WATER SUPPLY
94 - 9.3.1 Pressure and flow requirements
94 - 9.3.2 Water storage capacity
94 - 9.3.3 Additional storage capacity
94 - 9.3.4 Pump suction tanks
95 - 9.3.5 Pressure tanks
95 - 9.3.6 Pumpsets
95 - 9.3.7 Proving of water supplies
95 - 9.4 SPRINKLERS
95 - 9.4.1 Size and type
95 - 9.4.2 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
95 - 9.4.3 Reduced coverage
96 - 9.4.4 Maximum spacing
96 - 9.4.5 Special sprinklers
96 - 9.5 PIPING
96 - 9.5.1 Pipe types
96 - 9.5.2 Pipe sizes
96 - 9.5.3 Hydraulic calculations
96 - 9.5.4 Concealed spaces
96 - 9.5.5 System drainage
97 - SECTION 10 ORDINARY HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS
97 - 10.1 DESIGN DATA
97 - 10.2 WATER SUPPLIES
97 - 10.2.1 Pressure and flow requirements
98 - 10.2.2 Minimum capacity of water supplies
100 - 10.2.3 Pumps
100 - 10.2.4 Proving of water supplies
100 - 10.3 SPACING OF STANDARD SPRINKLERS
100 - 10.3.1 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
101 - 10.3.2 Maximum distance between sprinklers on range pipes and between adjacent rows of sprinklers
101 - 10.3.3 Maximum distance from walls and partitions (see also Clauses 5.4.2 and 5.5)
101 - 10.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
101 - 10.4.1 Sprinklers
101 - 10.4.2 Piping
106 - 10.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE
107 - SECTION 11 HIGH HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS
107 - 11.1 DESIGN DATA
107 - 11.1.1 General
107 - 11.1.2 Process risks
107 - 11.1.3 High piled storage risks
113 - 11.1.4 Type of system
117 - 11.2 WATER SUPPLIES
117 - 11.2.1 Pressure and flow requirements
119 - 11.2.2 Minimum capacity of water supplies
121 - 11.2.3 Pumps
121 - 11.2.4 Proving of water supplies
121 - 11.3 SPACING OF STANDARD SPRINKLERS
121 - 11.3.1 Maximum area coverage per sprinkler
122 - 11.3.2 Maximum distance between sprinklers on range pipes and between adjacent rows of sprinklers
122 - 11.3.3 Maximum distance from walls and partitions
122 - 11.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS
122 - 11.4.1 Sprinklers
122 - 11.4.2 Piping
124 - 11.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE
132 - SECTION 12 FULL HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
132 - 12.1 GENERAL
132 - 12.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DENSITY OF DISCHARGE
133 - 12.3 ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION
133 - 12.4 SPRINKLERS IN OPERATION
133 - 12.5 POSITION OF ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION
133 - 12.5.1 Hydraulically most unfavourable area of operation
134 - 12.5.2 Hydraulically most favourable area of operation
134 - 12.6 SHAPE OF ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION
134 - 12.6.1 Hydraulically most unfavourable area of operation
135 - 12.6.2 Hydraulically most favourable area of operation
135 - 12.7 WATER SUPPLIES
135 - 12.8 PUMPSETS
135 - 12.8.1 General
135 - 12.8.2 Maximum flow rates
136 - 12.9 CALCULATION OF PRESSURE LOSS IN PIPES
139 - 12.10 PRESSURE LOSSES
139 - 12.10.1 Fittings and valves
139 - 12.10.2 Dry pendent (or upright) sprinklers
139 - 12.11 ACCURACY OF CALCULATIONS
140 - 12.12 MINIMUM SPRINKLER DISCHARGE PRESSURE
140 - 12.13 MINIMUM PIPE SIZES
140 - 12.14 VELOCITY LIMITATION
140 - 12.15 VELOCITY PRESSURE
140 - 12.16 IDENTIFICATION OF FULLY HYDRAULICALLY CALCULATED SYSTEMS
148 - APPENDIX A -OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS
148 - A1 INTRODUCTION
148 - A2 LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES
148 - A3 ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES
148 - A3.1 Ordinary Hazard 1 occupancies (OH 1)
149 - A3.2 Ordinary Hazard 2 occupancies (OH 2)
150 - A3.3 Ordinary Hazard 3 occupancies (OH 3)
152 - A3.4 Ordinary Hazard Special (OH Special) occupancies
152 - A4 HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCIES
152 - A4.1 High Hazard-Process Risks
153 - A4.2 High Hazard-High-piled Storage Risks
155 - A4.3 Storage risks requiring special consideration
156 - APPENDIX B - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
158 - APPENDIX C - ORIFICE PLATES
158 - C1 SCOPE
158 - C2 REQUIREMENTS
158 - C3 NOTES ON THE USE OF TABLES C1 AND C2
161 - APPENDIX D - PIPING INTERPRETATIONS
164 - INDEX

Specifies the general requirements for the design, installation and commissioning of automatic fire sprinkler systems in buildings.

This Standard specifies requirements for the design and installation of automatic fire sprinkler systems in buildings. It also provides for occupancy classification.NOTE: See Appendix A for details of occupancy classification.

First published as part of AS CA16-1939 (endorsement of Seventh Edition of FOC Rules).
Redated 1942.
Second edition 1948 (endorsement of Eighth Edition of FOC Rules).
Third edition 1962 (endorsement of Ninth Edition of FOC Rules).
Fourth edition 1971 (based on Twenty ninth Edition of FOC Rules).
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 2118-1978.
Second edition 1982.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 2118.1-1995.
Second edition 1999.