AS 2187.2-1993

1 - AS 2187.2-1993 EXPLOSIVES - STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND USE - USE OF EXPLOSIVES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 NEW MATERIALS, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
7 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.4.1 Signal tube
8 - 1.4.2 Signal tube starter
8 - 1.5 REGULATORY AUTHORITY
9 - 1.6 AUTHORITY TO USE EXPLOSIVES
10 - SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
10 - 2.1 EXPLOSIVES
10 - 2.2 HANDLING OF EXPLOSIVES
10 - 2.3 BLASTING EQUIPMENT
10 - 2.4 REPORTING OF THEFT OR LOSS OF EXPLOSIVES
10 - 2.5 REPORTING OF INJURY OR DAMAGE
10 - 2.5.1 Damage to property
10 - 2.5.2 Injury to or death of persons
10 - 2.6 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
11 - SECTION 3 SITE MIXING OF EXPLOSIVES
11 - 3.1 MATERIALS
11 - 3.2 FIRE PRECAUTIONS ON MIXING SITES
11 - 3.3 MIXING APPLIANCES AND BUILDINGS
11 - 3.3.1 Appliances
12 - 3.3.2 Mobile mixing appliances
14 - 3.3.3 Mixing-house buildings
15 - 3.4 MIXING OF ANFO
15 - 3.4.1 Materials
15 - 3.4.2 ANFO
15 - 3.5 STORAGE OF MIXED EXPLOSIVES
17 - SECTION 4 OPERATIONS PRIOR TO CHARGING
17 - 4.1 PNEUMATIC CHARGING
17 - 4.2 CAPPING SAFETY FUSE
17 - 4.2.1 Safety fuse
17 - 4.2.2 Inspection of plain detonators
17 - 4.2.3 Insertion of fuse in detonators
18 - 4.2.4 Waterproofing of detonator and fuse junction
18 - 4.3 CAPPING SITE
18 - 4.4 TESTING ELECTRIC DETONATORS
18 - 4.5 PREPARATION OF PRIMERS
19 - SECTION 5 CHARGING
19 - 5.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
19 - 5.2 PRECAUTIONS AT SITE
19 - 5.3 BLASTHOLES
19 - 5.3.1 Hole diameter
19 - 5.3.2 Drilling in old holes
19 - 5.3.3 Cleanness
19 - 5.4 INSERTION OF CHARGE
19 - 5.4.1 Position of person charging
20 - 5.4.2 Procedure
20 - 5.4.3 Free-flowing granular explosives
20 - 5.4.4 Cutting of cartridges
20 - 5.4.5 Location of primer
20 - 5.4.6 Pumpable explosives
21 - 5.5 STEMMING
21 - 5.5.1 Stemming material
21 - 5.5.2 Tamping of stemming material
21 - 5.5.3 Precautions
21 - 5.5.4 Tamping rods
21 - 5.6 BULLING
22 - SECTION 6 METHOD OF INITIATION
22 - 6.1 DETONATING CORD AND SIGNAL TUBE
22 - 6.2 SAFETY FUSE
22 - 6.3 ELECTRIC FIRING WITH EXPLODER
22 - 6.3.1 Exploders
23 - 6.3.2 Electrical firing circuit
23 - 6.3.3 Testing
23 - 6.4 MAINS FIRING
23 - 6.4.1 General
23 - 6.4.2 Firing switch
23 - 6.4.3 Firing cable
23 - 6.4.4 Electrical connections
24 - 6.5 NON-ELECTRIC FIRING
25 - SECTION 7 FIRING
25 - 7.1 WARNING PROCEDURES
25 - 7.2 PROCEDURES AFTER FIRING
25 - 7.2.1 Electric firing
25 - 7.2.2 Examination of site
26 - SECTION 8 MISFIRES
26 - 8.1 DETERMINATION OF MISFIRES
26 - 8.2 PRECAUTIONS
26 - 8.3 EXAMINATION OF SITE
26 - 8.4 TREATMENT OF MISFIRES
26 - 8.4.1 Refiring misfired holes
27 - 8.4.2 Removal of stemming
27 - 8.4.3 Firing of new hole in vicinity
27 - 8.4.4 Search for explosives
27 - 8.4.5 Alternative procedures
27 - 8.4.6 Explosive recovered from misfires
28 - SECTION 9 DISPOSAL OF SURPLUS AND DEFECTIVE EXPLOSIVES
28 - 9.1 GENERAL
28 - 9.2 METHOD OF DISPOSAL
28 - 9.2.1 General
28 - 9.2.2 Explosives other than detonators
28 - 9.2.3 Detonators
29 - SECTION 10 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
29 - 10.1 EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY
29 - 10.1.1 General
29 - 10.1.2 Atmospheric electrical activity
29 - 10.1.3 Direct contact with electrical conductors
29 - 10.1.4 Induced currents and stray currents
29 - 10.1.5 Static electricity
29 - 10.2 GROUND VIBRATION AND AIRBLAST
29 - 10.3 FLYROCK
30 - 10.4 BLASTING UNDER WATER
30 - 10.4.1 Precautions
30 - 10.4.2 Detonators
31 - 10.4.3 Junctions
31 - 10.4.4 Exploder key or handle
31 - 10.5 COMPRESSED AIR SHAFTS, CAISSONS AND TUNNELS
31 - 10.5.1 Storage
31 - 10.5.2 Transport into working chamber
31 - 10.5.3 Method of initiation
31 - 10.5.4 Testing of electric detonators
31 - 10.5.5 Firing, before and after
32 - 10.6 BLASTING IN HOT MATERIAL
32 - 10.6.1 General
32 - 10.6.2 Temperature measurement
32 - 10.6.3 Types of explosives
33 - 10.6.4 Charging
33 - 10.6.5 Misfires
33 - 10.7 HIGH TEMPERATURE BLASTING
33 - 10.7.1 Definition of high temperature blasting
33 - 10.7.2 Temperature measurement
33 - 10.7.3 Explosives and charging practices
33 - 10.7.4 Checking of blasthole
33 - 10.7.5 Cooling of blasthole
33 - 10.7.6 Preparation of charge
34 - 10.7.7 Assistance to shotfirer
34 - 10.7.8 Connecting firing circuit
34 - 10.7.9 Misfires
34 - 10.7.10 Stemming
34 - 10.7.11 Number of blastholes
34 - 10.8 DEMOLITION
34 - 10.9 BLASTING IN OXIDIZING GROUND
34 - 10.10 LASER HAZARDS
35 - APPENDIX A - BLASTING RECORDS
35 - A1 INTRODUCTION
35 - A2 GENERAL BLAST RECORD
35 - A3 LARGER BLAST RECORD
35 - A4 TUNNEL BLAST RECORD
39 - APPENDIX B - EQUIPMENT AND ITS MAINTENANCE
39 - B1 GENERAL
39 - B2 APPROVAL OF EQUIPMENT
39 - B3 CARE OF EQUIPMENT
39 - B4 CIRCUIT TESTER
40 - B5 EXPLODER
40 - B5.1 Maintenance
40 - B5.2 Routine testing
40 - B5.3 Construction
41 - B5.4 Labelling
41 - B5.5 Electrical design features
42 - B6 TESTING OF EXPLODERS
42 - B7 FIRING CABLE
43 - APPENDIX C - FIRE PRECAUTIONS
43 - C1 GENERAL
43 - C2 AMMONIUM NITRATE
43 - C3 EXPLOSIVES
44 - APPENDIX D - PREPARATION OF PRIMERS
44 - D1 PRIMING
44 - D2 METHOD OF INITIATION
45 - APPENDIX E - FLYROCK
45 - E1 INTRODUCTION
45 - E2 FLYROCK FORMATION
45 - E2.1 Weak rock structure
45 - E2.2 Front row hole burdens
45 - E2.3 Stemming depth
46 - E2.4 Initiation sequence
46 - E2.5 Blasthole diameter
47 - E2.6 Stemming material
47 - E3 FLYROCK CONTROL
47 - E3.1 General
48 - E3.2 Examination of blast site and surveying of blast faces and blastholes
50 - E3.3 Charge configuration and loading procedure
50 - E3.4 Stemming medium
51 - E3.5 Initiation
51 - E3.6 Blast pattern shape and alignment
51 - E3.7 Protective cover
53 - APPENDIX F - FIRING CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS
53 - F1 ELECTRIC FIRING
53 - F1.1 Series
53 - F1.2 Parallel connection
53 - F1.3 Series-in-parallel connection
53 - F1.4 Parallel-in-series connection
53 - F1.5 Connection and testing of electrical firing circuits
54 - F2 DETONATING CORD
54 - F3 SIGNAL TUBE
61 - APPENDIX G - DETERIORATION OF EXPLOSIVES
61 - G1 GENERAL
61 - G2 WATER-GEL EXPLOSIVES
61 - G3 EMULSION EXPLOSIVES
61 - G4 NITROGLYCERINE/NITROGLYCOL-BASED EXPLOSIVE
62 - G5 DETONATORS
63 - APPENDIX H - DESTRUCTION OF EXPLOSIVES BY BURNING
63 - H1 METHOD
63 - H2 GENERAL
65 - APPENDIX I - EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY
65 - I1 SCOPE
65 - I2 SOURCES OF EXTRANEOUS ELECTRICITY
65 - I3 GENERAL PREVENTIVE MEASURES
66 - I4 STRAY CURRENTS
66 - I4.1 General
66 - I4.2 Testing for stray currents
67 - I5 STATIC ELECTRICITY
67 - I5.1 General
67 - I5.2 Dusty conditions, snowstorms
67 - I5.3 Other static electric hazards
67 - I5.4 Pneumatic loading of free-flowing granular explosives
70 - APPENDIX J - GROUND VIBRATION AND AIRBLAST
70 - J1 INTRODUCTION
70 - J2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA
70 - J2.1 Ground vibration
70 - J2.2 Airblast
71 - J3 RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM LEVELS
71 - J3.1 General
71 - J3.2 Ground vibration
72 - J3.3 Airblast
72 - J4 MEASUREMENT
72 - J4.1 General
72 - J4.2 Ground vibration
73 - J4.3 Airblast
73 - J4.4 Records
74 - J5 OPERATING PRACTICE
74 - J5.1 General
74 - J5.2 Ground vibration
74 - J5.3 Airblast reduction
75 - J6 BLASTING COMPLAINTS
76 - J7 ESTIMATION OF GROUND VIBRATION LEVELS
76 - J7.1 General
77 - J7.2 Free face-hard or highly structured rock
77 - J7.3 Free face-average rock
78 - J7.4 Heavily confined blasting-nearfield
80 - APPENDIX K - DEMOLITION
80 - K1 GENERAL
80 - K2 PRINCIPAL AREAS OF CONCERN
80 - K3 AUTHORITIES/DEPARTMENTS THAT MAY REQUIRE NOTIFICATION
81 - K4 PREPARATION OF THE STRUCTURE
81 - K5 EXPLOSIVES
81 - K6 INITIATION SYSTEMS
81 - K7 SUBMISSION TO REGULATORY AUTHORITIES
82 - K8 CONTINGENCY PLANNING

Sets out requirements for the safe use of explosives including the mixing, testing, initiation and firing of charges. The Standard also provides information on misfires as well as considerations such as ground vibration and airblast. Special topics including blasting in hot material, blasting under water and demolition by blasting are also included.

This Standard sets out requirements and precautions for the use of factory-made explosives and certain explosives mixed at sites. It does not apply to the following:(a) Explosives used in underground coal mines.(b) Safety ammunition and propellant powder.(c) Pyrotechnics including fireworks, rockets, fog signals or the like.(d) Purpose designed and manufactured military explosives.NOTE: This Standard should not be regarded as overriding statutory requirements, including licensing, but may be construed as a set of working rules to be used in conjunction with such requirements.NEW MATERIALS, METHODS AND

First published in part as part of AS CA23-1948 Supplement.AS CA23 first published 1949.Second edition 1952.Redated 1953.Redated 1955.AS CA23-1948 Supplement and AS CA23-1955 revised, amalgamated and designated AS CA23-1967.AS CA23-1967 revised in part and redesignated AS 2187.2-1979.Second edition 1983.Third edition 1993. First published in part as part of AS CA23-1948 Supplement. AS CA23 first published 1949. Second edition 1952. Redated 1953. Redated 1955. AS CA23-1948 Supplement and AS CA23-1955 revised, amalgamated and designated AS CA23-1967. AS CA23-1967 revised in part and redesignated AS 2187.2-1979. Second edition 1983. Third edition 1993.