1 - AS 2207-1994 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING - ULTRASONIC TESTING OF FUSION WELDED JOINTS IN CARBON AND LOW ALLOY STEEL
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
6 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
7 - SECTION 2 E QUIPMENT AND CALIBRATION
7 - 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
7 - 2.2 EQUIPMENT
7 - 2.3 CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT
7 - 2.3.1 General
7 - 2.3.2 Voltage stability
7 - 2.3.3 Calibration blocks
7 - 2.3.4 Reference blocks
8 - 2.4 COUPLANTS
9 - SECTION 3 METHODS OF TEST
9 - 3.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
9 - 3.2 DESIGNATION OF TEST METHODS AND SURFACE PREPARATION CATEGORIES
9 - 3.2.1 Designation of test methods
10 - 3.2.2 Designation of surface preparation categories
10 - 3.3 PREPARATION OF TEST SURFACES
10 - 3.3.1 General requirements
11 - 3.3.2 Additional surface requirements
11 - 3.4 METHODS FOR SCANNING AND DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION
12 - 3.5 SENSITIVITY
12 - 3.5.1 General
12 - 3.5.2 Scanning sensitivity
12 - 3.5.3 Evaluation sensitivity
13 - 3.5.4 Preparation of distance-amplitude correction curves
13 - 3.6 SIZING OF DISCONTINUITIES
14 - 3.7 OPTIONAL VARIATIONS IN SIZING FOR LEVELS 2, 3 AND 4
22 - SECTION 4 PRESENTATION OF TEST DATA
22 - 4.1 GENERAL
22 - 4.2 RECORD OF TEST
22 - 4.3 TEST REPORT
24 - APPENDIX A - PURCHASING GUIDELINES
24 - A1 GENERAL
24 - A2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
25 - APPENDIX B - WELDING TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS
25 - B1 GENERAL
25 - B2 BASIC SYMBOLS
26 - B3 NOTATION SYSTEM FOR RECORDING LOCATION AND SIZE OF DISCONITINUITIES
27 - APPENDIX C - FACTORS INFLUENCING PROBE SELECTION
27 - C1 GENERAL
27 - C2 PROBE CHARACTERISTICS
27 - C2.1 Frequency
27 - C2.2 Beam geometry
28 - C2.3 Types of probe
29 - APPENDIX D - METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ATTENUATION AND TRANSFER LOSS
29 - D1 SCOPE
29 - D2 METHOD FOR NORMAL PROBES
29 - D3 METHOD FOR ANGLE PROBES
31 - APPENDIX E - ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING SENSITIVITY
31 - E1 GENERAL
31 - E2 HOLES
31 - E3 NOTCHES
31 - E4 BACK-ECHO
31 - E5 REFLECTIVITY COMPARISON DIAGRAMS
33 - APPENDIX F - GUIDANCE ON ULTRASONIC TESTING OF WELDS
33 - F1 GENERAL
33 - F2 TESTING AUTHORITIES
33 - F3 WRITTEN TESTING PROCEDURES
33 - F4 SCANNING
34 - F5 SURFACE PREPARATION
34 - F6 EXAMINATIONOF PARENT METAL
34 - F6.1 General examination
34 - F6.2 Examination for lamellar tearing
34 - F7 EXAMINATION OF WELD ZONE
34 - F7.1 Fusion faces
34 - F7.2 Weld root
35 - F7.3 Identification of weld root discontinuities
38 - F7.4 Longitudinal central plane
38 - F7.5 Transverse planes
38 - F8 ULTRASONIC TESTING OF FILLET WELDS
41 - APPENDIX G - PROCEDURES FOR SIZING OF DISCONTINUITES
41 - G1 GENERAL
41 - G2 PROCEDURES FOR SIZING USING THE 20 dB DROP TECHNIQUE
41 - G2. 1 Methods for normal probes
41 - G2. 2 Methods for angle probes for vertically orientated discontinuities
42 - G3 PROCEDURE FOR SIZING USING THE 6 dB DROP TECHNIQUE USING NORMAL PROBES
43 - G4 PROCEDURES FOR SIZING USING THE LAST SIGNIFICANT ECHO TECHNIQUE
43 - G4.1 Method for normal probes
43 - G4.2 Methods for angle probes
48 - APPENDIX H - GUIDANCE ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF DISCONTINUITIES
48 - H1 GENERAL
48 - H2 PROBE MANIPULATION
48 - H3 ECHO BEHAVIOUR
48 - H3.1 Descriptions
48 - H3.2 Echo behaviour of a spherical reflector (non-planar, e.g. a gas pore)
48 - H3.3 Echo behaviour of a specular reflector (planar, e.g. lack of side wall fusion)
49 - H3.4 Echo behaviour of an uneven reflector (e.g. slag inclusion)
49 - H3.5 Echo behaviour of ragged reflectors (e. g. cracks)
50 - H3.6 Echo behaviour of intermittent discontinuities- Practical considerations
51 - APPENDIX I - COMPENSATION FOR CONVEX CURVATURE
51 - I1 COMPENSATION FOR CONVEX CURVATURE OF SCANNING SURFACE
52 - I2 COMPENSATION FOR CONVEX CURVATURE OF BACK WALL
53 - APPENDIX J - USE OF REFLECTIVITY DIAGRAMS
53 - J1 GENERAL
53 - J2 PREPARATION OF A CHARACTERISTIC REFLECTIVITY DIAGRAM
53 - J3 APPLICATION OF REFLECTIVITY DIAGRAM