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AS
AS 2316.1-2009

AS 2316.1-2009

Superseded

Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

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Artificial climbing structures and challenge courses Fixed and mobile artificial climbing and abseiling walls

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF 1 User , PDF 3 Users , PDF 5 Users , PDF 9 Users

Superseded date

30-06-2021

Superseded by

AS 2316.1.2:2021
AS 2316.1.1:2021

Language(s)

English

Published date

28-11-2009

Publisher

Standards Australia

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Hardcopy - English
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PDF 3 Users - English
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1 - AS 2316.1-2009 ARTIFICIAL CLIMBING STRUCTURES AND CHALLENGE COURSES - FIXED AND MOBILE ARTIFICIAL CLIMBING AND ABSEILING...
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
9 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
9 - 1.1 SCOPE
9 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
11 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
11 - 1.3.1 Abseiling
11 - 1.3.2 Acceleration
11 - 1.3.3 Acceleration pulse
11 - 1.3.4 Accelerometer
11 - 1.3.5 Anchor
11 - 1.3.6 Artificial climbing wall (ACW)
11 - 1.3.7 Autobelay system
11 - 1.3.8 Belay system
11 - 1.3.9 Bouldering
12 - 1.3.10 Climbing route
12 - 1.3.11 Competent person
12 - 1.3.12 Descender device
12 - 1.3.13 Design load
12 - 1.3.14 Fall height
12 - 1.3.15 Fall zone
12 - 1.3.16 Free space
12 - 1.3.17 g
12 - 1.3.18 gmax
12 - 1.3.19 Ground anchor
12 - 1.3.20 Head injury criteria (HIC)
12 - 1.3.21 Impact attenuation system
13 - 1.3.22 Impact height
13 - 1.3.23 Impact measurement
13 - 1.3.24 Impact attenuation test
13 - 1.3.25 Impact attenuation test position
13 - 1.3.26 Lead anchor
13 - 1.3.27 Minimum breaking load
13 - 1.3.28 Mobile artificial climbing wall
13 - 1.3.29 Multiple ground anchor system
13 - 1.3.30 Multiple top-rope anchor system
13 - 1.3.31 Nominal load
13 - 1.3.32 Out of service
13 - 1.3.33 Proof test load
13 - 1.3.34 Shall
13 - 1.3.35 Should
13 - 1.3.36 Span
13 - 1.3.37 Spotter
14 - 1.3.38 Stability design loads
14 - 1.3.39 Stance anchor
14 - 1.3.40 Top-rope anchor system
14 - 1.3.41 Transducer
14 - 1.3.42 Tri-axial accelerometer
15 - SECTION 2 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
15 - 2.1 DESIGN
15 - 2.1.1 Structural requirements
15 - 2.1.2 Access ways and platforms
15 - 2.1.3 Hydraulic, pneumatic and propelling equipment
15 - 2.1.4 Combustibility of materials
15 - 2.1.5 Lightning protection
15 - 2.2 VERIFICATION OF THE STRENGTH AND STABILITY OF AN ACW
15 - 2.2.1 General
16 - 2.2.2 Verification of strength
17 - 2.2.3 Verification for stability
18 - 2.3 IMPACT STRENGTH OF THE ACW SURFACE
18 - 2.4 BELAY SYSTEMS
18 - 2.4.1 General
18 - 2.4.2 Types of belay systems
23 - 2.4.3 Anchors
23 - 2.4.4 Ground anchors
23 - 2.4.5 Lead anchors
24 - 2.4.6 Top-rope anchor system
24 - 2.4.7 Marking
25 - 2.5 GEOMETRICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT-MINIMUM CURVE RADIUS
25 - 2.6 ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION
27 - 2.7 PROOF TESTING
27 - 2.7.1 Fixed ACW
27 - 2.7.2 Mobile and temporary ACW
27 - 2.7.3 Subsequent inspection, maintenance and testing
27 - 2.8 SURFACE FINISHES AND ENTRAPMENT HAZARDS
28 - 2.9 FLOOR OR GROUND SURFACING AND IMPACT ATTENUATION
28 - 2.9.1 General requirements
28 - 2.9.2 Specific requirements for impact attenuation
29 - 2.9.3 Impact attenuation testing requirements
29 - 2.10 FALL ZONES
29 - 2.10.1 General
29 - 2.10.2 Fall zone dimensions
30 - 2.11 DOCUMENTATION
30 - 2.12 INSTRUCTION MANUAL
31 - 2.13 COMMISSIONING INSPECTION
31 - 2.14 EQUIPMENT
31 - 2.14.1 General
31 - 2.14.2 Identification
32 - 2.14.3 Ropes
32 - 2.14.4 Harnesses
32 - 2.14.5 Karabiners and connectors
33 - 2.14.6 Belay systems
33 - 2.14.7 Descender devices
33 - 2.14.8 Pulleys
34 - 2.14.9 Helmets
34 - 2.14.10 Access ladders
34 - 2.14.11 Climbing holds
34 - 2.14.12 Equipment belonging to participants
35 - SECTION 3 IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
35 - 3.1 TESTING AND INSPECTION
35 - 3.1.1 General
37 - 3.1.2 Anchorages-Proof testing
37 - 3.2 MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, REPLACEMENT AND ALTERATION
37 - 3.3 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS
38 - 3.4 RETIREMENT OF EQUIPMENT FROM SERVICE
39 - SECTION 4 MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
39 - 4.1 GENERAL
39 - 4.2 SUPERVISION
39 - 4.3 COMPETENCIES
39 - 4.4 RULES
39 - 4.5 INDUCTION
39 - 4.6 SPECTATORS
39 - 4.7 WORKING AT HEIGHT
39 - 4.8 FIRST AID
40 - 4.9 EMERGENCY
41 - APPENDIX A - LOAD TESTING OF ANCHOR COMPONENTS AND ACW WHERE VERIFICATION BY CALCULATION IS NOT AVAILABLE
41 - A1 GENERAL
41 - A2 TEST SAMPLES
41 - A3 PROCEDURE
41 - A4 TEST RESULTS
42 - APPENDIX B - PROOF TESTING
42 - B1 PROCEDURE FOR ALL PROOF TESTING
42 - B2 TEST OF ANCHORS
42 - B2.1 Force application
42 - B2.2 Components to be tested
42 - B2.3 Multiple floor and top-rope anchors
43 - B2.4 Test report
43 - B3 TEST OF SURFACE INTEGRITY
43 - B3.1 Force application
43 - B3.2 Components to be tested
43 - B3.3 Test report
43 - B4 TEST OF HOLD INSERT RESISTANCE
43 - B4.1 Force application
44 - B4.2 Components to be tested
44 - B4.3 Test report
47 - APPENDIX C - BEAUFORT SCALE
48 - APPENDIX D - STABILITY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF AN ACW
48 - D1 GENERAL PRINCIPLE
48 - D2 FOR AN ACW
48 - D3 FOR A BOULDERING WALL
49 - APPENDIX E - METHOD FOR STABILITY ASSESSMENT AND WORKED EXAMPLES
49 - E1 SCOPE
49 - E2 EQUATIONS RELATING TO COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS FOR ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES
49 - E3 EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR AN INTERNAL CLIMBING WALL
50 - E4 EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR AN OUTDOOR CLIMBING WALL
51 - E5 EXAMPLE USING TYPICAL CLIMBING WALL PARAMETERS
53 - APPENDIX F - IMPACT STRENGTH OF THE CLIMBING SURFACE
53 - F1 GENERAL
53 - F2 IMPACT STRENGTH TEST
53 - F2.1 Basis for test
53 - F2.2 Test apparatus
53 - F2.3 Sampling
53 - F2.4 Procedure
53 - F2.5 Test results
56 - APPENDIX G - DETERMINATION OF HIC AND gmax VALUES
56 - G1 SCOPE
56 - G2 PRINCIPLE
56 - G3 APPARATUS
56 - G3.1 Fall test headform
56 - G3.2 Accelerometer
57 - G3.3 Impact measurement equipment
57 - G4 TEST CONDITIONS
57 - G4.1 On-site testing
57 - G4.2 Sample testing
57 - G5 TEST PROCEDURE
57 - G5.1 Selecting the test position
57 - G5.2 Specific test procedures
58 - G6 CALCULATION OF RESULTS
58 - G6.1 HIC
58 - G6.2 Impact profiles
58 - G7 TEST REPORT
60 - APPENDIX H - CLIMBING HOLD TESTING
60 - H1 SCOPE
60 - H2 SAMPLE PREPARATION
60 - H3 STRENGTH
60 - H4 RESISTANCE TO ROTATION
60 - H5 RESISTANCE TO BREAKAGE IN USE
61 - H6 TEST REPORT
62 - APPENDIX I - SUSPENSION TRAUMA

Specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and testing of fixed and mobile artificial climbing and abseiling walls and associated components. Includes fixed, indoor, outdoor, permanent, temporary and mobile structures (including inflatable structures) and facilities used for climbing, abseiling and bouldering.

Committee
SF-047
DocumentType
Standard
ISBN
0 7337 9313 4
Pages
54
PublisherName
Standards Australia
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

This Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design, construction, operation, competencies for support personnel, supervision levels, maintenance and testing of fixed and mobile artificial climbing and abseiling walls (ACW) and associated components. It includes fixed, indoor, outdoor, permanent, temporary and mobile structures (including inflatable climbing structures) and facilities used for climbing, abseiling and bouldering.This Standard is not applicable to playground equipment (see AS 4685) or structures associated with bungy jumping activities (see AS/NZS 5848), or theatrical and stunt work.

First published as AS 2316.1-2009.

AS/NZS 1892.5:2000 Portable ladders - Selection, safe use and care
AS 4100 SUPP 1-1999 Steel structures - Commentary (Supplement to AS 4100-1998)
AS/NZS 5848:2000 Code of practice for bungy jumping
AS 4685.5-2004 Playground equipment Particular safety requirements and test methods for carousels
AS 3600-2001 Concrete structures
AS 2321-2006 Short-link chain for lifting purposes
AS 2319-2001 Rigging screws and turnbuckles
AS 2318-2006 Swivels for lifting applications (Reconfirmed 2022)
AS 3533.1-2009 Amusement rides and devices Design and construction
AS/NZS 1892.1:1996 Portable ladders Metal
AS 4685.4-2004 Playground equipment Particular safety requirements and test methods for runways
AS/NZS 2269.1:2008 Plywood - Structural Determination of structural properties - Test methods
AS 1353.1-1997 Flat synthetic-webbing slings Product specification (Reconfirmed 2014)
AS 3600 SUPP 1-1994 Concrete structures - Commentary (Supplement to AS 3600-1994)
AS 1170.4 SUPP 1-1993 Minimum design loads on structures (known as the SAA Loading Code) Earthquake loads - Commentary (Supplement to AS 1170.4-1993)
AS/NZS 1664.2:1997 Aluminium structures Allowable stress design (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 4100-1998 Steel structures (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1657-1992 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders - Design, construction and installation
AS 1720.2-2006 Timber structures Timber properties
AS/NZS 1170.1:2002 Structural design actions Permanent, imposed and other actions
AS/NZS 1891.4:2009 Industrial fall-arrest systems and devices Selection, use and maintenance
AS 4685.6-2004 Playground equipment Particular safety requirements and test methods for rocking equipment
AS 3533.4.1-2005 Amusement rides and devices Specific requirements - Land-borne inflatable devices
AS/NZS 1892.3:1996 Portable ladders Reinforced plastic
AS 3533.2-2009 Amusement rides and devices Operation and maintenance
AS 4685.1-2004 Playground equipment General safety requirements and test methods
AS/NZS 3002:2008 Electrical installations - Shows and carnivals
AS 2076-1996 Wire-rope grips for non-lifting applications
AS/NZS 2512.1:2009 Methods of testing protective helmets Definitions and headforms
AS 4685.2-2004 Playground equipment Particular safety requirements and test methods for swings
AS 1720.1-1997 Timber structures Design methods
AS 1170.4-2007 Structural design actions Earthquake actions in Australia (Reconfirmed 2018)
AS/NZS 1170.0:2002 Structural design actions General principles
AS 4497.1-1997 Roundslings - Synthetic fibre Product specification
AS/NZS 4676:2000 Structural design requirements for utility services poles
AS 1720.4-2006 Timber structures Fire resistance for structural adequacy of timber members
AS 4685.3-2004 Playground equipment Particular safety requirements and test methods for slides
AS 4142.3-1993 Fibre ropes Man-made fibre rope for static life rescue lines
AS 1138-2008 Thimbles for wire rope (Reconfirmed 2019)
AS/NZS 2269.0:2008 Plywood - Structural Specifications
AS 2741-2002 Shackles (Reconfirmed 2014)
AS 3569-1989 Steel wire ropes
AS/NZS 2269.2:2007 Plywood - Structural Determination of structural properties - Evaluation methods
AS/NZS 1170.2:2002 Structural design actions Wind actions

AS 1172.2:2014 Sanitary plumbing products Flushing devices and cistern inlet and outlet valves
AS 3533.4.2-2013 Amusement rides and devices Specific requirements - Contained play facilities

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