AS 2832.5-2002

1 - AS 2832.5-2002 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF METALS - STEEL IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.3.1 Anaerobic
9 - 1.3.2 Anode (in general)
9 - 1.3.3 Anode current density probe
9 - 1.3.4 Anodic polarization
9 - 1.3.5 Atmospheric zone
9 - 1.3.6 Constant potential control
9 - 1.3.7 Back e.m.f.
9 - 1.3.8 Backfill (anode)
9 - 1.3.9 Base (native) potential
9 - 1.3.10 Bond (drainage)
9 - 1.3.11 Bond (electrical)
9 - 1.3.12 Buried zone
10 - 1.3.13 Cathode
10 - 1.3.14 Cathodic polarization
10 - 1.3.15 Cathodic protection
10 - 1.3.16 Commissioning
10 - 1.3.17 Constant voltage control
10 - 1.3.18 Converter
10 - 1.3.19 Coppersatcopper sulfate (Cu/CuSO4) reference electrode
10 - 1.3.20 Corrosion
10 - 1.3.21 Corrosion cell anode
10 - 1.3.22 Corrosion cell cathode
10 - 1.3.23 Current density (at anode)
10 - 1.3.24 Current density (at cathode)
10 - 1.3.25 Current density probe
10 - 1.3.26 Depolarization/polarization decay/potential decay
10 - 1.3.27 Drainage (stray current)
11 - 1.3.28 Earth (noun)
11 - 1.3.29 Earth (verb)
11 - 1.3.30 Electrode
11 - 1.3.31 Electrode potential
11 - 1.3.32 Electrolyte
11 - 1.3.33 Embedded reference electrode
11 - 1.3.34 Energizing
11 - 1.3.35 Foreign (secondary) structure
11 - 1.3.36 Galvanic action
11 - 1.3.37 Galvanic anode
11 - 1.3.38 Ground-bed
11 - 1.3.39 Half-cell
11 - 1.3.40 Impressed current
11 - 1.3.41 Impressed current anode
11 - 1.3.42 Instantaneous off-potential
12 - 1.3.43 Interference
12 - 1.3.44 Interrupter
12 - 1.3.45 IR drop
12 - 1.3.46 Loop resistance
12 - 1.3.47 Luggin probe
12 - 1.3.48 Macro-cell probe
12 - 1.3.49 Mixed metal oxide
12 - 1.3.50 On potential
12 - 1.3.51 Overprotection
12 - 1.3.52 pH
12 - 1.3.53 Polarization
12 - 1.3.54 Polarized potential
12 - 1.3.55 Potential decay probe
13 - 1.3.56 Primary structure
13 - 1.3.57 Protection criteria
13 - 1.3.58 Protection current density
13 - 1.3.59 Constant current control
13 - 1.3.60 Protective current
13 - 1.3.61 Reference electrode
13 - 1.3.62 Resistance potential
13 - 1.3.63 Resistivity
13 - 1.3.64 Saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE)
13 - 1.3.65 Silver/silver chloride reference electrode (Ag/AgCl)
13 - 1.3.66 Splash zone
13 - 1.3.67 Sprayed concrete
13 - 1.3.68 Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
13 - 1.3.69 Stray current
14 - 1.3.70 Structure potential
14 - 1.3.71 Structure potential shift
14 - 1.3.72 Submerged zone
14 - 1.3.73 Test point
14 - 1.3.74 Tidal zone
14 - 1.3.75 Transformer/rectifier (T/R)
14 - 1.3.76 Zone
14 - 1.4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
14 - 1.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY
14 - 1.6 PERSONNEL
15 - 1.7 DESIGN
16 - SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR OF STRUCTURES
16 - 2.1 SCOPE
16 - 2.2 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
16 - 2.2.1 Introduction
16 - 2.2.2 Records
16 - 2.2.3 Visual inspection
17 - 2.2.4 Chloride analysis
17 - 2.2.5 Carbonation depth measurement
17 - 2.2.6 Concrete cover
17 - 2.2.7 Alkali aggregate reaction assessment
17 - 2.2.8 Reinforcement continuity
18 - 2.2.9 Potential mapping
18 - 2.2.10 Concrete electrical resistivity
18 - 2.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF NEWLY DESIGNED STRUCTURES
18 - 2.4 REPAIR OF STRUCTURES
18 - 2.4.1 Introduction
19 - 2.4.2 Concrete removal
19 - 2.4.3 Reinforcement preparation
19 - 2.4.4 Concrete reinstatement
19 - 2.4.5 Cementitious overlay
21 - SECTION 3 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
21 - 3.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
21 - 3.2 ANODE SYSTEMS
21 - 3.2.1 General
22 - 3.2.2 Activated titanium anode systems
23 - 3.2.3 Conductive anode systems
25 - 3.3 MONITORING SENSORS
25 - 3.3.1 General
25 - 3.3.2 Portable reference electrodes
26 - 3.3.3 Other sensors
27 - 3.4 MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION
27 - 3.4.1 General
27 - 3.4.2 Manual devices
27 - 3.4.3 Data loggers
28 - 3.5 DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
29 - 3.6 CABLES
29 - 3.6.1 Colour codes
29 - 3.6.2 General requirements
29 - 3.7 JUNCTION BOXES
30 - 3.8 WIRING
30 - 3.8.1 General
30 - 3.8.2 Power supplies
30 - 3.9 TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIERS
32 - SECTION 4 INSTALLATION OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
32 - 4.1 SCOPE
32 - 4.2 ELECTRICAL CONTINUITY
32 - 4.3 PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM
33 - 4.4 CONNECTIONS TO STEEL IN CONCRETE
33 - 4.5 CONCRETE REPAIRS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CATHODIC PROTECTION COMPONENTS
33 - 4.6 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR ANODE INSTALLATION
34 - 4.7 ANODE INSTALLATION
34 - 4.8 CONNECTIONS TO THE ANODE SYSTEM
35 - 4.9 ANODE OVERLAY, SURFACE SEALANT OR DECORATIVE COATING APPLICATION
35 - 4.10 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
36 - 4.11 TESTING DURING INSTALLATION
37 - SECTION 5 CONTROL OF INTERFERENCE CURRENTS FROM CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS TO MINIMIZE THEIR EFFECT ON FOREIGN STRUCTURES
37 - 5.1 GENERAL
37 - 5.2 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
38 - 5.3 MINIMIZATION OF INTERFERENCE CURRENT
38 - 5.3.1 Design of the system
38 - 5.3.2 Actions for minimizing interference currents
39 - 5.3.3 Detection of interference levels
39 - 5.3.4 Control of interference
42 - SECTION 6 COMMISSIONING OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
42 - 6.1 SCOPE
42 - 6.2 VISUAL INSPECTION
42 - 6.3 PRE-ENERGIZING MEASUREMENTS
42 - 6.4 INITIAL ENERGIZING
43 - 6.5 INITIAL ADJUSTMENT
43 - 6.6 INITIAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
44 - 6.7 ADJUSTMENT OF CURRENT OUTPUT (SEE SECTION 9)
45 - SECTION 7 CRITERIA FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION
45 - 7.1 SCOPE
45 - 7.2 GENERAL
45 - 7.3 CRITERIA
47 - SECTION 8 SYSTEM RECORDS AND DOCUMENTATION
47 - 8.1 QUALITY AND TEST RECORDS
47 - 8.2 INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING REPORT
47 - 8.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
48 - 8.4 COMPLETION DATES
49 - SECTION 9 OPERATION OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
49 - 9.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
49 - 9.1.1 Scope
49 - 9.1.2 General
49 - 9.2 PROCEDURES AND INTERVALS
50 - 9.3 SYSTEM REVIEW
50 - 9.4 SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT
51 - APPENDIX A - PRINCIPLES OF CATHODIC PROTECTION AND THEIRAPPLICATION TO STEEL IN CONCRETE
51 - A1 GENERAL
52 - A2 CRITERIA FOR PROTECTION
52 - A3 CURRENT DENSITY REQUIRED FOR 'CATHODIC PREVENTION' AND 'CATHODIC PROTECTION'
53 - A4 PRESTRESSING STEEL AND THE RISK OF HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
53 - A5 ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION
53 - A6 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN BURIED AND SUBMERGED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
53 - A7 CATEGORIES OF BURIED OR SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
54 - A8 TYPICAL STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATIONS
54 - A8.1 Cylinders located below ground, and which may also be below water
54 - A8.2 Boxes located below ground, and which may also be below water
54 - A8.3 Basements, vaults and ponds located below ground, and which may also be below water
55 - A8.4 Walls and piers located below ground
55 - A8.5 Jetty piles located below ground and often also below water
55 - A8.6 Foundations, located below ground, and which may also be below water
55 - A8.7 Vertical cylinders, located below ground, and which may also be below water:
55 - A9 MICROCLIMATES AND TRANSITION ZONES
59 - APPENDIX B - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STANDARDS/IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
61 - APPENDIX C - DESIGN PROCESS
61 - C1 GENERAL
61 - C2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
61 - C3 ANODE SYSTEM TYPE
61 - C4 ANODE SYSTEM LAYOUT
61 - C5 CURRENT PROVISION
61 - C6 REINFORCEMENT CONNECTIONS
62 - C7 CABLING
62 - C8 TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER
62 - C9 MONITORING
62 - C10 DOCUMENTATION
63 - APPENDIX D - NOTES ON ANODE SYSTEMS
63 - D1 CONDUCTIVE COATINGS
63 - D1.1 Activated titanium
63 - D1.2 Metallic coatings
64 - D1.3 Conductive organic coatings
65 - D1.4 Conductive ceramics
65 - D2 OTHER ANODE SYSTEMS
65 - D2.1 Conductive overlays
65 - D2.2 Conductive polymers
66 - D2.3 Conductive cementitious materials
66 - D3 ANODES FOR USE IN SOIL OR WATER
67 - APPENDIX E - COMPARISON OF STRUCTURE/ELECTROLYTE POTENTIALS OBTAINED WHEN MEASURED WITH VARIOUS REFERENCE ELECTRODES

Provides performance requirements for the cathodic protection of steel in atmospherically-exposed, buried and submerged concrete in both new and existing structures. It covers the parts of buildings and civil engineering structures that include normal reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to both uncoated and organic coated steel reinforcement.

This Standard provides performance requirements for the cathodic protection of steel in atmospherically-exposed, buried and submerged concrete in both new and existing structures. It covers the parts of buildings and civil engineering structures that include normal reinforcement and prestressed reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It is applicable to both uncoated and organic coated steel reinforcement.NOTE: Guidance on the principles of cathodic protection and its application to steel in concrete is given in Appendix A.

First published as AS 2832.5-2002.