1 - AS 2832.5-2002 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF METALS - STEEL IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.3.1 Anaerobic
9 - 1.3.2 Anode (in general)
9 - 1.3.3 Anode current density probe
9 - 1.3.4 Anodic polarization
9 - 1.3.5 Atmospheric zone
9 - 1.3.6 Constant potential control
9 - 1.3.7 Back e.m.f.
9 - 1.3.8 Backfill (anode)
9 - 1.3.9 Base (native) potential
9 - 1.3.10 Bond (drainage)
9 - 1.3.11 Bond (electrical)
9 - 1.3.12 Buried zone
10 - 1.3.13 Cathode
10 - 1.3.14 Cathodic polarization
10 - 1.3.15 Cathodic protection
10 - 1.3.16 Commissioning
10 - 1.3.17 Constant voltage control
10 - 1.3.18 Converter
10 - 1.3.19 Coppersatcopper sulfate (Cu/CuSO4) reference electrode
10 - 1.3.20 Corrosion
10 - 1.3.21 Corrosion cell anode
10 - 1.3.22 Corrosion cell cathode
10 - 1.3.23 Current density (at anode)
10 - 1.3.24 Current density (at cathode)
10 - 1.3.25 Current density probe
10 - 1.3.26 Depolarization/polarization decay/potential decay
10 - 1.3.27 Drainage (stray current)
11 - 1.3.28 Earth (noun)
11 - 1.3.29 Earth (verb)
11 - 1.3.30 Electrode
11 - 1.3.31 Electrode potential
11 - 1.3.32 Electrolyte
11 - 1.3.33 Embedded reference electrode
11 - 1.3.34 Energizing
11 - 1.3.35 Foreign (secondary) structure
11 - 1.3.36 Galvanic action
11 - 1.3.37 Galvanic anode
11 - 1.3.38 Ground-bed
11 - 1.3.39 Half-cell
11 - 1.3.40 Impressed current
11 - 1.3.41 Impressed current anode
11 - 1.3.42 Instantaneous off-potential
12 - 1.3.43 Interference
12 - 1.3.44 Interrupter
12 - 1.3.45 IR drop
12 - 1.3.46 Loop resistance
12 - 1.3.47 Luggin probe
12 - 1.3.48 Macro-cell probe
12 - 1.3.49 Mixed metal oxide
12 - 1.3.50 On potential
12 - 1.3.51 Overprotection
12 - 1.3.52 pH
12 - 1.3.53 Polarization
12 - 1.3.54 Polarized potential
12 - 1.3.55 Potential decay probe
13 - 1.3.56 Primary structure
13 - 1.3.57 Protection criteria
13 - 1.3.58 Protection current density
13 - 1.3.59 Constant current control
13 - 1.3.60 Protective current
13 - 1.3.61 Reference electrode
13 - 1.3.62 Resistance potential
13 - 1.3.63 Resistivity
13 - 1.3.64 Saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE)
13 - 1.3.65 Silver/silver chloride reference electrode (Ag/AgCl)
13 - 1.3.66 Splash zone
13 - 1.3.67 Sprayed concrete
13 - 1.3.68 Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
13 - 1.3.69 Stray current
14 - 1.3.70 Structure potential
14 - 1.3.71 Structure potential shift
14 - 1.3.72 Submerged zone
14 - 1.3.73 Test point
14 - 1.3.74 Tidal zone
14 - 1.3.75 Transformer/rectifier (T/R)
14 - 1.3.76 Zone
14 - 1.4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
14 - 1.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY
14 - 1.6 PERSONNEL
15 - 1.7 DESIGN
16 - SECTION 2 ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR OF STRUCTURES
16 - 2.1 SCOPE
16 - 2.2 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
16 - 2.2.1 Introduction
16 - 2.2.2 Records
16 - 2.2.3 Visual inspection
17 - 2.2.4 Chloride analysis
17 - 2.2.5 Carbonation depth measurement
17 - 2.2.6 Concrete cover
17 - 2.2.7 Alkali aggregate reaction assessment
17 - 2.2.8 Reinforcement continuity
18 - 2.2.9 Potential mapping
18 - 2.2.10 Concrete electrical resistivity
18 - 2.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF NEWLY DESIGNED STRUCTURES
18 - 2.4 REPAIR OF STRUCTURES
18 - 2.4.1 Introduction
19 - 2.4.2 Concrete removal
19 - 2.4.3 Reinforcement preparation
19 - 2.4.4 Concrete reinstatement
19 - 2.4.5 Cementitious overlay
21 - SECTION 3 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
21 - 3.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
21 - 3.2 ANODE SYSTEMS
21 - 3.2.1 General
22 - 3.2.2 Activated titanium anode systems
23 - 3.2.3 Conductive anode systems
25 - 3.3 MONITORING SENSORS
25 - 3.3.1 General
25 - 3.3.2 Portable reference electrodes
26 - 3.3.3 Other sensors
27 - 3.4 MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION
27 - 3.4.1 General
27 - 3.4.2 Manual devices
27 - 3.4.3 Data loggers
28 - 3.5 DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
29 - 3.6 CABLES
29 - 3.6.1 Colour codes
29 - 3.6.2 General requirements
29 - 3.7 JUNCTION BOXES
30 - 3.8 WIRING
30 - 3.8.1 General
30 - 3.8.2 Power supplies
30 - 3.9 TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIERS
32 - SECTION 4 INSTALLATION OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
32 - 4.1 SCOPE
32 - 4.2 ELECTRICAL CONTINUITY
32 - 4.3 PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM
33 - 4.4 CONNECTIONS TO STEEL IN CONCRETE
33 - 4.5 CONCRETE REPAIRS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CATHODIC PROTECTION COMPONENTS
33 - 4.6 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR ANODE INSTALLATION
34 - 4.7 ANODE INSTALLATION
34 - 4.8 CONNECTIONS TO THE ANODE SYSTEM
35 - 4.9 ANODE OVERLAY, SURFACE SEALANT OR DECORATIVE COATING APPLICATION
35 - 4.10 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
36 - 4.11 TESTING DURING INSTALLATION
37 - SECTION 5 CONTROL OF INTERFERENCE CURRENTS FROM CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS TO MINIMIZE THEIR EFFECT ON FOREIGN STRUCTURES
37 - 5.1 GENERAL
37 - 5.2 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
38 - 5.3 MINIMIZATION OF INTERFERENCE CURRENT
38 - 5.3.1 Design of the system
38 - 5.3.2 Actions for minimizing interference currents
39 - 5.3.3 Detection of interference levels
39 - 5.3.4 Control of interference
42 - SECTION 6 COMMISSIONING OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
42 - 6.1 SCOPE
42 - 6.2 VISUAL INSPECTION
42 - 6.3 PRE-ENERGIZING MEASUREMENTS
42 - 6.4 INITIAL ENERGIZING
43 - 6.5 INITIAL ADJUSTMENT
43 - 6.6 INITIAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT
44 - 6.7 ADJUSTMENT OF CURRENT OUTPUT (SEE SECTION 9)
45 - SECTION 7 CRITERIA FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION
45 - 7.1 SCOPE
45 - 7.2 GENERAL
45 - 7.3 CRITERIA
47 - SECTION 8 SYSTEM RECORDS AND DOCUMENTATION
47 - 8.1 QUALITY AND TEST RECORDS
47 - 8.2 INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING REPORT
47 - 8.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
48 - 8.4 COMPLETION DATES
49 - SECTION 9 OPERATION OF CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
49 - 9.1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
49 - 9.1.1 Scope
49 - 9.1.2 General
49 - 9.2 PROCEDURES AND INTERVALS
50 - 9.3 SYSTEM REVIEW
50 - 9.4 SYSTEM REVIEW REPORT
51 - APPENDIX A - PRINCIPLES OF CATHODIC PROTECTION AND THEIRAPPLICATION TO STEEL IN CONCRETE
51 - A1 GENERAL
52 - A2 CRITERIA FOR PROTECTION
52 - A3 CURRENT DENSITY REQUIRED FOR 'CATHODIC PREVENTION' AND 'CATHODIC PROTECTION'
53 - A4 PRESTRESSING STEEL AND THE RISK OF HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
53 - A5 ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTION
53 - A6 CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STEEL IN BURIED AND SUBMERGED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
53 - A7 CATEGORIES OF BURIED OR SUBMERGED STRUCTURES
54 - A8 TYPICAL STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATIONS
54 - A8.1 Cylinders located below ground, and which may also be below water
54 - A8.2 Boxes located below ground, and which may also be below water
54 - A8.3 Basements, vaults and ponds located below ground, and which may also be below water
55 - A8.4 Walls and piers located below ground
55 - A8.5 Jetty piles located below ground and often also below water
55 - A8.6 Foundations, located below ground, and which may also be below water
55 - A8.7 Vertical cylinders, located below ground, and which may also be below water:
55 - A9 MICROCLIMATES AND TRANSITION ZONES
59 - APPENDIX B - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STANDARDS/IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
61 - APPENDIX C - DESIGN PROCESS
61 - C1 GENERAL
61 - C2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
61 - C3 ANODE SYSTEM TYPE
61 - C4 ANODE SYSTEM LAYOUT
61 - C5 CURRENT PROVISION
61 - C6 REINFORCEMENT CONNECTIONS
62 - C7 CABLING
62 - C8 TRANSFORMER-RECTIFIER
62 - C9 MONITORING
62 - C10 DOCUMENTATION
63 - APPENDIX D - NOTES ON ANODE SYSTEMS
63 - D1 CONDUCTIVE COATINGS
63 - D1.1 Activated titanium
63 - D1.2 Metallic coatings
64 - D1.3 Conductive organic coatings
65 - D1.4 Conductive ceramics
65 - D2 OTHER ANODE SYSTEMS
65 - D2.1 Conductive overlays
65 - D2.2 Conductive polymers
66 - D2.3 Conductive cementitious materials
66 - D3 ANODES FOR USE IN SOIL OR WATER
67 - APPENDIX E - COMPARISON OF STRUCTURE/ELECTROLYTE POTENTIALS OBTAINED WHEN MEASURED WITH VARIOUS REFERENCE ELECTRODES