AS 60146.2-2001

1 - AS 60146.2-2001 SEMICONDUCTOR CONVERTERS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - 1 Scope
7 - 2 Normative references
8 - 3 Definitions
8 - 3.1 Functions of converters
8 - 3.1.1 (electronic) (power) conversion
8 - 3.1.2 (electronic) a.c./d.c. (power) conversion
8 - 3.1.3 (electronic) (power) rectification
9 - 3.1.4 (electronic) (power) inversion
9 - 3.1.5 (electronic) a.c. (power) conversion
9 - 3.1.6 (electronic) d.c. (power) conversion
9 - 3.1.7 direct (power) conversion
9 - 3.1.8 indirect (power) conversion
9 - 3.1.9 commutation
9 - 3.1.10 commutating voltage
9 - 3.1.11 line commutation
9 - 3.1.12 self-commutation
10 - 3.1.13 phase control
10 - 3.1.14 pulse control
10 - 3.1.15 pulse duration control
10 - 3.1.16 pulse frequency control
10 - 3.1.17 pulse width modulation control
10 - 3.1.18 triggering
10 - 3.1.19 firing
10 - 3.2 Types of converters
10 - 3.2.1 (electronic) (power) converter
11 - 3.2.2 self-commutated converter
11 - 3.2.3 a.c./ d.c. converter
11 - 3.2.4 voltage stiff a.c./d.c. converter
11 - 3.2.5 current stiff a.c./d.c. converter
11 - 3.2.6 rectifier
11 - 3.2.7 inverter
11 - 3.2.8 voltage source inverter voltage fed inverter
11 - 3.2.9 current source inverter current fed inverter
11 - 3.2.10 line-interactive converter
12 - 3.2.11 reactive power converter
12 - 3.2.12 a.c. converter
12 - 3.2.13 direct a.c. converter
12 - 3.2.14 indirect a.c. converter
12 - 3.2.15 d.c. converter
12 - 3.2.16 direct d. c. converter d.c. chopper
12 - 3.2.17 indirect d.c. converter
12 - 3.3 Converter circuit components
12 - 3.3.1 electronic device
13 - 3.3.2 electronic valve device
13 - 3.3.3 valve device stack
13 - 3.3.4 valve device assembly
13 - 3.3.5 converter assembly
13 - 3.3.6 (valve) arm
13 - 3.3.7 snubber (circuit)
14 - 3.4 Important properties of converters and electronic valve devices
14 - 3.4.1 fundamental power
14 - 3.4.2 d. c. power
14 - 3.4.3 conversion factor (in general)
14 - 3.4.4 total power factor
14 - 3.4.5 displacement factor
14 - 3.4.6 deformation factor
14 - 3.4.7 (power) efficiency
14 - 3.4.8 virtual junction temperature (of an electronic valve device)
15 - 3.4.9 transient thermal impedance (of an electronic valve device)
15 - 3.5 Disturbances and electromagnetic compatibility
15 - 3.5.1 electrical disturbance
15 - 3.5.2 (electromagnetic) disturbance
15 - 3.5.3 (electromagnetic) emission
15 - 3.5.4 emission level (of a disturbing source)
15 - 3.5.5 electromagnetic interference
15 - 3.5.6 electromagnetic compatibility
16 - 3.5.7 (electromagnetic) compatibility level
16 - 3.5.8 immunity (to a disturbance)
16 - 3.5.9 immunity level
16 - 3.5.10 immunity margin
16 - 3.5.11 immunity level of a converter
16 - 3.5.12 degradation (of performance )
16 - 3.5.13 voltage change
17 - 3.5.14 voltage unbalance, voltage imbalance
17 - 3.5.15 unbalance ratio
17 - 3.5.16 unbalance factor
17 - 3.5.17 voltage dip
17 - 3.5.18 commutation notch
17 - 3.5.19 ripple voltage (on the d.c. side)
17 - 3.5.20 d.c. form factor
17 - 3.5.21 d.c. ripple factor
17 - 3.5.22 relative peak-to-peak ripple factor
18 - 3.5.23 harmonic analysis of the a. c. voltage and current
19 - 3.6 Characteristics related to input and output
19 - 3.6.1 shape of voltage
19 - 3.6.2 impedance characteristics
19 - 3.6.3 (converter) input
19 - 3.6.4 (converter) output
19 - 3.6.5 stiff d.c. or a.c. source
20 - 3.6.6 supply
20 - 3.6.7 load
20 - 3.6.8 supply transient overvoltage
20 - 3.6.9 supply transient energy
20 - 3.6.10 supply inductance
20 - 3.6.11 input impedance
20 - 3.6.12 (input) inrush current
20 - 3.6.13 dynamic short-circuit output current
20 - 3.6.14 output impedance
20 - 3.6.15 load impedance
20 - 3.6.16 periodic output voltage modulation
20 - 3.6.17 periodic frequency modulation
21 - 3.6.18 instantaneous voltage deviation
21 - 3.6.19 tolerance band
21 - 3.7 Definitions of rated values
21 - 3.7.1 rated value
21 - 3.7.2 rated input d.c. supply voltage
21 - 3.7.3 rated input a.c. supply voltage
21 - 3.7.4 rated input supply frequency
21 - 3.7.5 rated input current
21 - 3.7.6 rated active input power
21 - 3.7.7 rated apparent input power
22 - 3.7.8 rated output voltage
22 - 3.7.9 rated output current
22 - 3.7.10 rated d.c. output power
22 - 3.7.11 rated a.c. output power
22 - 3.7.12 rated apparent output power
22 - 3.7.13 rated output frequency
22 - 3.7.14 rated insulation voltage
22 - 3.8 Definitions related to cooling
22 - 3.9 Definitions related to temperature
22 - 3.10 Definitions related to tests
22 - 3.10.1 type test, (design test)
22 - 3.10.2 routine test
23 - 3.10.3 optional test
23 - 4 Additional subscripts and letter symbols
24 - 5 Service conditions
24 - 5.1 Code of identification for cooling methods
24 - 5.2 Environmental conditions
24 - 5.2.1 Ambient air circulation
24 - 5.2.2 Normal service conditions
24 - 5.2.3 Unusual environmental service conditions and design considerations
25 - 5.3 Electrical service conditions
25 - 5.3.1 Electrical environment specification
25 - 5.3.2 Unknown site conditions
25 - 5.4 Character of the load
25 - 5.5 Immunity requirements
25 - 5.5.1 AC supply
28 - 5.5.2 DC supply
29 - 5.5.3 Load conditions, load unbalance
29 - 5.5.4 Electrical unusual service conditions and performance requirements
30 - 6 Rated values and additional characteristics
30 - 6.1 General
31 - 6.2 Rated values to be specified by the supplier
31 - 6.2.1 Rated input values
31 - 6.2.2 Rated output values
31 - 6.3 Additional characteristics
31 - 6.4 Marking
31 - 7 Tests
31 - 7.1 General
32 - 7.1.1 Classification of tests
32 - 7.1.2 Performance of tests
32 - 7.2 Test schedule for converter equipment and converter assemblies
33 - 7.3 Test specifications
33 - 7.3.1 Visual inspection
34 - 7.3.2 Checking of auxiliary devices
34 - 7.3.3 Insulation test
34 - 7.3.4 Checking of the protective devices
34 - 7.3.5 Light load and functional test
34 - 7.3.6 Rated output test
35 - 7.3.7 Overcurrent test
35 - 7.3.8 Temperature-rise test
35 - 7.3.9 Power loss determination
35 - 7.3.10 Measurement of total harmonic distortion (THD) or total harmonic factor (THF)
36 - 7.3.11 Measurement of power factor
36 - 7.3.12 Measurement of output voltage
36 - 7.3.13 Confirmation of output voltage adjustable range
36 - 7.3.14 Output voltage unbalance test
37 - 7.3.15 Confirmation of output frequency adjustable range
37 - 7.3.16 Output frequency tolerance band test
37 - 7.3.17 Checking of the automatic control
38 - 7.3.18 Short-circuit test
38 - 7.3.19 Measurement of audible noise
38 - 7.3.20 Immunity test
38 - 7.3.21 Emission test
38 - 7.3.22 Measurement of ripple voltage and current
38 - 7.3.23 Additional tests
38 - 7.4 Tolerances
39 - Annex A - Example for testing high power converters
39 - A.1 Introduction
39 - A.2 Basic concepts
39 - A.3 Test procedures

Specifies requirements for all types of semiconductor converters of the self-commutated type and semiconductor converters which contain at least one part of a self-commutated type, including direct a.c. converters and d.c. converters for all applications. This Standard is identical to and has been reproduced from IEC 60146-2:1999.

This part of IEC 60146 applies to all types of semiconductor converters of the self-commutated type including power converters which contain at least one part of a self-commutated type, for example a.c. converters, indirect d.c. converters, direct d.c. converters. The requirements of IEC 60146-1-1 apply also to self-commutated converters as far as they are not in contradiction with this standard. For some special applications, for example, uninterruptible power systems, variable speed a.c. and d.c. drives and electric traction equipment, additional standards may apply. NOTE Test restrictions may apply to special applications, for example high-power reactive power converters.

First published as AS 1955.2-1978.
Revised and redesignated as AS 60146.2-2001.