AS/NZS 1554.5:1995

1 - AS/NZS 1554.5:1995 STRUCTURAL STEEL WELDING - WELDING OF STEEL STRUCTURES SUBJECT TO HIGH LEVELS OF FATIGUE LOADING
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 INNOVATION
8 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.4.1 Fabricator
8 - 1.4.2 Inspecting authority
8 - 1.4.3 Inspector
8 - 1.4.4 May
8 - 1.4.5 Principal
8 - 1.4.6 Shall
8 - 1.4.7 Should
8 - 1.5 BASIC WELDING REQUIREMENTS
8 - 1.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
8 - 1.6.1 Welding safety
8 - 1.6.2 Welding equipment
9 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
9 - 2.1 PARENTMATERIAL
9 - 2.2 BACKINGMATERIAL
9 - 2.3 WELDING CONSUMABLES
9 - 2.3.1 Electrodes and filler wires
9 - 2.3.2 Care of electrodes and filler wires
9 - 2.3.3 Flux
9 - 2.3.4 Shielding gas
10 - SECTION 3 DETAILS OF WELDED CONNECTIONS
10 - 3.1 GENERAL
10 - 3.1.1 Permissible weld types
10 - 3.1.2 Design stresses
10 - 3.1.3 Drawings
10 - 3.2 BUTT WELDS
10 - 3.2.1 Size of weld
10 - 3.2.2 Design throat thickness
11 - 3.2.3 Effective length
11 - 3.2.4 Effective area
11 - 3.2.5 Transition of thickness or width
11 - 3.3 FILLET WELDS
11 - 3.3.1 Size of weld
11 - 3.3.2 Design throat thickness
13 - 3.3.3 Effective length
13 - 3.3.4 Effective area
13 - 3.3.5 Minimum size of fillet welds
13 - 3.3.6 Maximum size of fillet welds along edges
13 - 3.4 COMPOUND WELDS
13 - 3.4.1 Description of compound weld
13 - 3.4.2 Design throat thickness
16 - SECTION 4 QUALIFICATION OF PROCEDURES AND PERSONNEL
16 - 4.1 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
16 - 4.2 METHOD OF QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE
16 - 4.3 PREQUALIFIED WELDING PROCEDURES
16 - 4.4 PREQUALIFIED JOINT PREPARATIONS
16 - 4.4.1 General
17 - 4.4.2 Prequalified complete penetration butt welds
17 - 4.4.3 Prequalified in complete penetration butt welds
17 - 4.4.4 Prequalified fillet welds
32 - 4.5 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING CONSUMABLES
32 - 4.5.1 Prequalified welding consumables
32 - 4.5.2 Qualification of welding consumables by testing
34 - 4.6 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURE BY TESTING
34 - 4.6.1 Method of qualification
34 - 4.6.2 Extent of testing
36 - 4.6.3 Preparation of special test piece
36 - 4.6.4 Dimensions of test pieces
36 - 4.6.5 Macro test
38 - 4.6.6 Transverse butt tensile test
38 - 4.6.7 Bend test
38 - 4.6.8 Charpy impact test
38 - 4.6.9 Hardness comparison test - parentmetal and weld metal
38 - 4.6.10 Hardness test - heat-affected zone
38 - 4.6.11 Retests
39 - 4.7 EXTENSION OF QUALIFICATION
39 - 4.8 COMBINATION OF PROCESSES
39 - 4.8.1 Single process each side of a weld
39 - 4.8.2 Combination of processes on the same side of a joint
39 - 4.9 RECORDS OF TESTS
39 - 4.10 REQUALIFICATION OF WELDING PROCEDURES
39 - 4.10.1 Changes in essential variables requiring requalification of welding
39 - 4.10.2 Minor changes requiring requalification of welding procedure by macro test
39 - 4.11 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING PERSONNEL
39 - 4.11.1 Welding supervisor
40 - 4.11.2 Welders
44 - SECTION 5 WORKMANSHIP
44 - 5.1 PREPARATION OF EDGES FOR WELDING
44 - 5.1.1 General
44 - 5.1.2 Thermal cutting
44 - 5.2 ASSEMBLY
44 - 5.2.1 General
44 - 5.2.2 Alignment of butt welded joints
44 - 5.2.3 Alignment of fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds
45 - 5.3 PREHEATING AND INTERRUN CONTROL
45 - 5.3.1 General
45 - 5.3.2 Need for preheating
45 - 5.3.3 Extent of preheating and cooling after welding
45 - 5.3.4 Determination of preheating temperature
46 - 5.4 WELDING UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS
46 - 5.4.1 Rain, snow, wind, condensation
46 - 5.4.2 Low temperature
46 - 5.5 TACK WELDS
46 - 5.6 WELD DEPTH-TO-WIDTH RATIO
46 - 5.7 CONTROL OF DISTORTION AND RESIDUAL STRESS
46 - 5.7.1 General
46 - 5.7.2 Welding and cutting under stress
48 - 5.7.3 Peening
48 - 5.7.4 Correction of distortion
51 - 5.8 REPAIR OF DEFECTS IN WELDS
51 - 5.8.1 General
51 - 5.8.2 Grinding
51 - 5.8.3 Stop/Starts
52 - 5.9 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENTS
52 - 5.10 ARC STRIKES
52 - 5.11 CLEANING OF FINISHED WELDS
52 - 5.12 DRESSING OF BUTT WELDS
53 - SECTION 6 QUALITY OF WELDS
53 - 6.1 METHODS OF INSPECTION AND PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF IMPERFECTIONS
53 - 6.1.1 Methods of inspection of completed welds
55 - 6.1.2 Permissible levels of imperfection
55 - 6.1.3 Adjacent imperfections
56 - 6.1.4 Qualifications of welding procedure by macro test and side-bend test
56 - 6.2 RADIOGRAPHY
56 - 6.2.1 Method
56 - 6.2.2 IQI sensitivity
56 - 6.2.3 Acceptance limits
56 - 6.3 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
56 - 6.3.1 Method
56 - 6.3.2 Equipment requirements
57 - 6.3.3 Evaluation
57 - 6.3.4 Acceptance limits
57 - 6.4 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
57 - 6.4.1 Method
57 - 6.4.2 Acceptance limits
57 - 6.5 WELD DEFECTS
57 - 6.6 REPORTING
58 - SECTION 7 INSPECTION
58 - 7.1 GENERAL
58 - 7.2 QUALIFICATIONS OF INSPECTORS
58 - 7.3 VISUAL INSPECTION OF WORK
58 - 7.4 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OTHER THAN VISUAL EXAMINATION
58 - 7.4.1 Extent of non-destructive examination
58 - 7.4.2 Personnel and operator requirements
59 - APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
61 - APPENDIX B - BRITTLE FRACTURE
61 - B1 METHODS
61 - B2 NOTCH-DUCTILE RANGE METHOD
61 - B3 DESIGN SERVICE TEMPERATURE
61 - B3.1 Basic design temperature
61 - B3.2 Modifications to the basic design temperature
61 - B4 MATERIAL SELECTION
61 - B4.1 Selection of steel type
61 - B4.2 Limitations
62 - B4.3 Modification for certain applications
62 - B5 FRACTURE ASSESSMENT
66 - APPENDIX D - METHOD FOR JOINT AND PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
66 - D1 PREQUALIFIED JOINT IDENTIFICATION
66 - D2 PROCESS IDENTIFICATION
66 - D3EXAMPLE
67 - APPENDIX E - CHECK LIST OF MATTERS FOR DISCUSSION
68 - APPENDIX F - SUGGESTED EXTENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

Specifies requirements for the welding of steel structures subject to fatigue loading exceeding the range allowed by AS/NZS 1554.1, Structural steel welding, Part 1: Welding of steel structures.

This Standard specifies materials of construction, weld preparations and weld qualities, qualification of welding procedures and welding personnel, and fabrication nd inspection requirements for welds. It applies to fusion welding of steelwork in structures made up of combinations of steel plate, sheet, or sections, including hollowsections and built-up sections, or castings and forgings, by the following processes:(a) Manual metal-arc welding (MMAW).(b) Submerged-arc welding (SAW).(c) Gas metal-arc welding (GMAW).(d) Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW).(e) Electroslag welding (ESW) (including consumable guide).(f) Electrogas welding (EGW).The Standard is limited to the welding of steel parent material with a specified minimum yield strength not exceeding 450 MPa. The Standard applies specifically to the welding of steelwork in structures complying with AS 3990, AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1. Where the proportions of welded joints in these structures are governed by dynamic loading conditions, the Standard applies only to those welded joints which comply with the fatigue provisions of AS 3990 where the stress range in the welded joint is greater than 80% of the permissible stress range for Category B of AS 3990, or exceeds the stress range permitted for detail category 112 of AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1, but does not exceed the maximum stress ranges permitted for these categories.NOTE: Fillet welds and incomplete penetration butt welds may be used in AS 4100 or NZS 3404.1 detail category 125, and in Category B fatigue applications of AS 3990 when the direction of the weld is parallel to the direction of the applied stress. In addition to the abovementioned structures, the Standard applies to the welding of cranes, hoists, and other dynamically loaded structures; the welding of road and pedestrian bridges; and the welding of steelwork in applications other than structural. The Standard does not apply to the welding of structures by the following processes:(i) Gas welding (GW).(ii) Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW).(iii) Resistance welding (RW).(iv) Friction welding (FW).(v) Thermit welding (TW).It also does not apply to the welding of pressure vessels and pressure piping. The Standard does not cover the design of welded connections or permissible stresses in welds, nor the production, rectification, or repair of castings.

First published as AS 1554.5-1989.
Jointly revised and designated as Joint Standard AS/NZS 1554.5:1995.