ASTM C 494/C494M : 2017 : REDLINE

Superseded

Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

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Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete

Available format(s): PDF

Superseded date: 28-08-2020

Language(s): English

Published date: 15-06-2017

Publisher: American Society for Testing and Materials

Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

CONTAINED IN VOL. 04.02, 2017 Defines materials for use as chemical admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures in the field for the purpose or purposes indicated for the eight types as follows: 1) Type A - Water-reducing admixtures, 2) Type B - Retarding admixtures, 3) Type C - Accelerating admixtures, 4) Type D - Water-reducing and retarding admixtures, 5) Type E - Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures, 6) Type F - Water-reducing, high range admixtures, 7) Type G - Water-reducing, high range, and retarding admixtures, and 8) Type S - Specific performance admixtures.

Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

1.1This specification covers materials for use as chemical admixtures to be added to hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures in the field for the purpose or purposes indicated for the eight types as follows:

1.1.1Type A—Water-reducing admixtures,

1.1.2Type B—Retarding admixtures,

1.1.3Type C—Accelerating admixtures,

1.1.4Type D—Water-reducing and retarding admixtures,

1.1.5Type E—Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures,

1.1.6Type F—Water-reducing, high range admixtures,

1.1.7Type G—Water-reducing, high range, and retarding admixtures, and

1.1.8Type S—Specific performance admixtures.

1.2This specification stipulates tests of an admixture with suitable concreting materials as described in 11.1 – 11.3 or with cement, pozzolan, aggregates, and an air-entraining admixture proposed for specific work (11.4). Unless specified otherwise by the purchaser, the tests shall be made using concreting materials as described in 11.1 – 11.3.

Note 1:It is recommended that, whenever practicable, tests be made using the cement, pozzolan, aggregates, air-entraining admixture, and the mixture proportions, batching sequence, and other physical conditions proposed for the specific work (11.4) because the specific effects produced by chemical admixtures may vary with the properties and proportions of the other ingredients of the concrete. For instance, Types F and G admixtures may exhibit much higher water reduction in concrete mixtures having higher cement factors than that listed in 12.1.1.

Mixtures having a high range water reduction generally display a higher rate of slump loss. When high-range admixtures are used to impart increased workability (6 to 8-in. slump [150 to 200–mm]), the effect may be of limited duration, reverting to the original slump in 30 to 60 min depending on factors normally affecting rate of slump loss. The use of chemical admixtures to produce high-slump (flowing) concrete is covered by Specification C1017/C1017M.

Note 2:The purchaser should ensure that the admixture supplied for use in the work is equivalent in composition to the admixture subjected to test under this specification (see Section 6, Uniformity and Equivalence).

Note 3:Admixtures that contain relatively large amounts of chloride may accelerate corrosion of prestressing steel. Compliance with the requirements of this specification does not constitute assurance of acceptability of the admixture for use in prestressed concrete.

1.3This specification provides for three levels of testing.

1.3.1Level 1—During the initial approval stage, proof of compliance with the performance requirements defined in Table 1 demonstrates that the admixture meets the requirements of this specification. Admixtures (except for Types B, C, E, and S) shall qualify for provisional compliance when the physical requirements and any of the alternative compressive strength requirements in Table 1 are met. If subsequent test results at six months or one year fail to meet the standard requirement of 100 % of reference strength, the compliance of the admixture to this standard is withdrawn and all users of the admixture shall be notified immediately. Uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be carried out to provide results against which later comparisons can be made (see Note 4).

TABLE 1 Physical Requirements^A

	Type A, Water Reducing	Type B, Retarding	Type C, Acceler- ating	Type D, Water Reducing and Retarding	Type E, Water Reducing and Accelerating	Type F, Water Reducing, High Range	Type G, Water Reducing, High Range and Retarding	Type S Specific Performance
Water content, max, % of control	95	...	...	95	95	88	88	...
Time of setting, allowable deviation from control, h:min:
Initial: at least	...	1:00 later	1:00 earlier	1:00 later	1:00 earlier	...	1:00 later
not more than	1:00 earlier nor 1:30 later	3:30 later	3:30 earlier	3:30 later	3:30 earlier	1:00 earlier nor 1:30 later	3:30 later	1:00 earlier nor 1:30 later
Final: at least	...	...	1:00 earlier	...	1:00 earlier	...	...
not more than	1:00 earlier nor 1:30 later	3:30 later	...	3:30 later	...	1:00 earlier nor 1:30 later	3:30 later	1:00 earlier nor 1:30 later
Compressive strength, min, % of control:^B
1 day	...	...	...	...	...	140	125	...
3 days	110	90	125	110	125	125	125	90
7 days	110	90	100	110	110	115	115	90
28 days	110 (120)^C	90	100	110 (120)^C	110	110 (120)^C	110 (120)^C	90
90 days	(117)^C	n/a	n/a	(117)^C	n/a	(117)^C	(117)^C	n/a
6 months	100 (113)^C	90	90	100 (113)^C	100	100 (113)^C	100 (113)^C	90
1 year	100	90	90	100	100	100	100	90
Flexural strength, min, % control:^B
3 days	100	90	110	100	110	110	110	90
7 days	100	90	100	100	100	100	100	90
28 days	100	90	90	100	100	100	100	90
Length change, max shrinkage (alternative requirements):^D
Percent of control	135	135	135	135	135	135	135	135
Increase over control	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.010
Relative durability factor, min^E	80	80	80	80	80	80	80	80

(A)The values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results. The object of the 90 % compressive strength requirement for a Type B amd Type S admixture is to require a level of performance comparable to that of the reference concrete.

(B)The compressive and flexural strength of the concrete containing the admixture under test at any test age shall be not less than 90 % of that attained at any previous test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the compressive or flexural strength of the concrete containing the admixture under test shall not decrease with age.

(C)Alternative requirement. If the physical requirements are met and any of the measured relative strengths are greater than the requirement in parentheses, the admixture shall be considered provisionally qualified until the one-year strength test results are obtained.

(D)Alternative requirements, see 17.1.4, % of control limit applies when length change of control is 0.030 % or greater; increase over control limit applies when length change of control is less than 0.030 %.

(E)This requirement is applicable only when the admixture is to be used in air-entrained concrete which may be exposed to freezing and thawing while wet.

Note 4:Allowing for provisional compliance while retaining longer term compressive strength requirements promotes more rapid qualification of new materials, but also provides assurance that new admixture technologies will not exhibit unexpected longer term performance. The alternative compressive strength requirements in Table 1 are based on statistical analysis of 103 Specification C494/C494M evaluation tests. The alternative requirements correspond to a 99 % probability of passing subsequent test age requirements.2

1.3.2Level 2—Limited retesting is described in 5.2 – 5.2.2. Proof of compliance with the requirements of Table 1 demonstrates continued conformity of the admixture with the requirements of the specification.

1.3.3Level 3—For acceptance of a lot or for measuring uniformity within or between lots, when specified by the purchaser, the uniformity and equivalence tests of Section 6 shall be used.

1.4The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

1.5The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

1.6The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method sections, Sections 11 – 18 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.7This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

Committee	C 09
Development Note	Supersedes ASTM C 494. (08/2001)
Document Type	Redline
ISBN
Pages
Published
Publisher	American Society for Testing and Materials
Status	Superseded
Superseded By	ASTM C 494/C494M : 2019 : REDLINE

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ACI 225R : 2019	GUIDE TO THE SELECTION AND USE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS
ACI 363R : 2010	REPORT ON HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE
ASTM C 928/C928M : 2013 : REDLINE	Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
ASTM C 654M : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR POROUS CONCRETE PIPE [METRIC]
ASTM C 1504M : 2016 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR MANUFACTURE OF PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE THREE-SIDED STRUCTURES FOR CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS (METRIC)
ASTM C 387/C387M : 2017 : REDLINE	Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Concrete and High Strength Mortar
ASTM C 913 : 2016-07	SPECIFICATION FOR PRECAST CONCRETE WATER AND WASTEWATER STRUCTURES
ASTM C 1786 : 2018 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR SEGMENTAL PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX SECTIONS FOR CULVERTS, STORM DRAINS, AND SEWERS DESIGNED ACCORDING TO AASHTO LRFD
ASTM F 2551 : 2009	Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes
ASTM C 985 : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR NONREINFORCED CONCRETE SPECIFIED STRENGTH CULVERT, STORM DRAIN, AND SEWER PIPE
ASTM C 1293 : 2008 : REV B : R2015	Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
ASTM C 1582/C1582M : 2011 : R2017 : EDT 1	Standard Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete
ASTM C 936/C936M : 2016-07	SPECIFICATION FOR SOLID CONCRETE INTERLOCKING PAVING UNITS
ASTM C 1613 : 2017 : REDLINE	Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Grease Interceptor Tanks
ASTM C 505M : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR NONREINFORCED CONCRETE IRRIGATION PIPE WITH RUBBER GASKET JOINTS [METRIC]
ASTM C 1293 : 2008 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
ASTM C 1240 : 2015 : REDLINE	Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
ASTM C 192/C192M : 2016-04	PRACTICE FOR MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMENS IN THE LABORATORY
ASTM F 2480 : 2006	Standard Guide for In-ground Concrete Skatepark
ASTM C 1438 : 2013	Standard Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
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ASTM C 1798 : 2016	Standard Specification for Returned Fresh Concrete for Use in a New Batch of Ready-Mixed Concrete
ASTM C 915 : 1979 : R1995	Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Crib Wall Members
ACI 207.5R : 2011	REPORT ON ROLLER-COMPACTED MASS CONCRETE
ACI ITG-4.1 : 2007	SPECIFICATION FOR HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE IN MODERATE TO HIGH SEISMIC APPLICATIONS
ASTM C 915 : 1979 : R2002	Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Crib Wall Members
CSA S448.1 : 2010 : R2015	REPAIR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE IN BUILDINGS AND PARKING STRUCTURES
ASTM C 935 : 2013	Standard Specification for General Requirements for Prestressed Concrete Poles Statically Cast
CSA A220 SERIES : 2006 : INC : UPD 4 : 2010 : R2012	CONCRETE ROOF TILES
CSA S448.1 : 2010	REPAIR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE IN BUILDINGS AND PARKING STRUCTURES
CSA A220 SERIES : 2006 : INC : UPD 4 : 2010	CONCRETE ROOF TILES
ACI 560R : 2016	REPORT ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION WITH INSULATING CONCRETE FORMS (ICFS)
ACI 225R : 2016	GUIDE TO THE SELECTION AND USE OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS
AWWA C602 : 2017	CEMENT-MORTAR LINING OF WATER PIPELINES IN PLACE - 4 INCH (100 MM) AND LARGER
AWWA C303 : 2017	CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPE, BAR-WRAPPED, STEEL-CYLINDER TYPE
ACI 306R : 2016	GUIDE TO COLD WEATHER CONCRETING
ACI 301 : 2016	SPECIFICATIONS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
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ACI 376M : 2011	CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF REFRIGERATED LIQUEFIED GASES (METRIC)
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ACI 238.1R : 2008	REPORT ON MEASUREMENTS OF WORKABILITY AND RHEOLOGY OF FRESH CONCRETE
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ACI 524R : 2016	GUIDE TO PORTLAND CEMENT-BASED PLASTER
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ACI 211.4R : 2008	GUIDE FOR SELECTING PROPORTIONS FOR HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE USING PORTLAND CEMENT AND OTHER CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS
N291-15	Requirements for safety-related structures for nuclear power plants
ASTM C 478M : 2018 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE MANHOLE SECTIONS (METRIC)
ASTM C 1731 : 2016 : REDLINE	Standard Specification for Concrete Floor Tile
ASTM C 1417 : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR MANUFACTURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SEWER, STORM DRAIN, AND CULVERT PIPE FOR DIRECT DESIGN
ASTM F 2551 : 2009 : R2016	Standard Practice for Installing a Protective Cementitious Liner System in Sanitary Sewer Manholes
ASTM C 1227 : 2013 : REDLINE	Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Septic Tanks
ASTM C 1438 : 2013 : R2017	Standard Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
ASTM C 1417M : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR MANUFACTURE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SEWER, STORM DRAIN, AND CULVERT PIPE FOR DIRECT DESIGN (METRIC)
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CSA S806: 2012	DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYMERS
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S806-12 (R2017)	Design and construction of building structures with fibre-reinforced polymers
ASTM C 1622/C1622M : 2010	Standard Specification for Cold-Weather Admixture Systems
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CSA A23.1 A23.2 : 2014	CONCRETE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION/TEST METHODS AND STANDARD PRACTICES FOR CONCRETE
ACI 549.3R : 2009 : R2017	REPORT ON GLASS FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE PREMIX
ACI 211.2 : 1998	SELECTING PROPORTIONS FOR STRUCTURAL LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
AASHTO TP 96 : 2013	METHOD OF TEST FOR PROTECTIVE SEALERS FOR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE
ASTM C 1293 : 2008 : REV B	Standard Test Method for Determination of Length Change of Concrete Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction
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ASTM C 1782/C1782M : 2017-07	SPECIFICATION FOR UTILITY SEGMENTAL CONCRETE PAVING SLABS
ACI 376 : 2011	CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF REFRIGERATED LIQUEFIED GASES AND COMMENTARY
ACI 360R : 2010	GUIDE TO DESIGN OF SLABS-ON-GROUND
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ACI 311.5R : 2004	GUIDE FOR CONCRETE PLANT INSPECTION AND TESTING OF READY-MIXED CONCRETE
ASTM C 915 : 1979 : R2010	Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Crib Wall Members
ASTM C 1837 : 2017	Standard Specification for Production of Dry Cast Concrete Used for Manufacturing Pipe, Box, and Precast Structures
ASTM C 476 : 2016-07	SPECIFICATION FOR GROUT FOR MASONRY
ASTM C 1433M : 2019	Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)
ASTM C 118M : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE PIPE FOR IRRIGATION OR DRAINAGE [METRIC]
ACI 522R : 2010(R2011)	REPORT ON PERVIOUS CONCRETE
ACI 522R : 2010	REPORT ON PERVIOUS CONCRETE
ACI SP 314 : 2017	ECO-EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE INCORPORATING RECYCLED POST-CONSUMER AND INDUSTRIAL BYPRODUCTS
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UFC 4-150-07 : Change 1	UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA - MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION: MAINTENANCE OF WATERFRONT FACILITIES
ACI 237R : 2007	SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE
N287.5-11 (R2016)	Examination and testing requirements for concrete containment structures for nuclear power plants
ACI 314R : 2016	GUIDE TO SIMPLIFIED DESIGN FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
CSA N287.5 :2011	EXAMINATION AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
CSA A220 SERIES : 2006 : R2016	CONCRETE ROOF TILES
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CSA A231.1/A231.2 : 2014(R2018)	PRECAST CONCRETE PAVING SLABS/PRECAST CONCRETE PAVERS
AWWA C302 : 2016	REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPE, NONCYLINDER TYPE
ASTM C 1567 : 2013 : REDLINE	Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)
ASTM F 2480 : 2006 : R2017	Standard Guide for In-ground Concrete Skatepark
ASTM C 1753 : 2015	Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements
ASTM C 825 : 2006	Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Barriers
ASTM C 1804 : 2014	Standard Specification for Spun Cast Prestressed Concrete Bases for Tapered Steel Lighting Poles
ASTM C 505 : 2015 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR NONREINFORCED CONCRETE IRRIGATION PIPE WITH RUBBER GASKET JOINTS
ASTM C 666/C666M : 2015 : REDLINE	Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
ASTM C 1492 : 2003 : R2009	Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Tile
ASTM C 1846/C1846M : 2017	Standard Specification for Performance Based Manufacture of Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe
ASTM C 1582/C1582M : 2011	Standard Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete

Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

ASTM C 403/C403M : 2016 : REDLINE	Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
ASTM C 150/C150M : 2017-04	SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND CEMENT
ACI 211.1 : 1991	SELECTING PROPORTIONS FOR NORMAL, HEAVYWEIGHT AND MASS CONCRETE
ASTM C 192/C192M : 2016-04	PRACTICE FOR MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE TEST SPECIMENS IN THE LABORATORY
ASTM C 666/C666M : 2015 : REDLINE	Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
ASTM C 136/C136M : 2014 : REDLINE	Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
ASTM C 183/C183M : 2016 : REDLINE	Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
ASTM E 100 : 2017 : REDLINE	SPECIFICATION FOR ASTM HYDROMETERS
ASTM C 157/C157M : 2017 : REDLINE	Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
ASTM D 75/D75M : 2014 : REDLINE	Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

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