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  • ASTM D 413 : 1998

    View superseded by
    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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    Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property-Adhesion to Flexible Substrate

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF

    Superseded date:  11-11-2014

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  31-12-2010

    Publisher:  American Society for Testing and Materials

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    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    CONTAINED IN VOL. 09.01, 2017 Defines the determination of the adhesion strength between plies of fabric bonded with rubber or the adhesion of the rubber layer in articles made from rubber attached to other material.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the adhesion strength between plies of fabric bonded with rubber or the adhesion of the rubber layer in articles made from rubber attached to other material. They are applicable only when the adhered surfaces are approximately plane or uniformly circular as in belting, hose, tire carcasses, or rubber-covered sheet metal.

    1.2 When the adhered surfaces contain sharp bends, angles, or other gross irregularities that cannot be avoided in preparing test specimens, special test methods must be employed for evaluating adhesion.

    1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

    1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee D 11
    Document Type Test Method
    Publisher American Society for Testing and Materials
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    ASTM D 7272 : 2006 : R2018 Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Premanufactured Taped Methods
    SAE J 2006 : 2013 MARINE EXHAUST HOSE
    ASTM D 7005 : 2003 : R2008 Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites
    MIL-L-16383 Revision H:1988 LIFE PRESERVER, CARBON DIOXIDE INFLATABLE, UNDERWATER DEMOLITION TEAM
    ZZ-H-500 Revision C:1987 HOSE, RUBBER, AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, RUBBER, PNEUMATIC (YARN OR FABRIC REINFORCED)
    EN ISO 18797-1:2017 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - External corrosion protection of risers by coatings and linings - Part 1: Elastomeric coating systems-polychloroprene or EPDM (ISO 18797-1:2016)
    MIL-DTL-27422 Revision F:2014 TANK, FUEL, CRASH-RESISTANT, BALLISTIC-TOLERANT, AIRCRAFT
    MIL-PRF-53068 Revision B:2010 TANKS, LIGHTWEIGHT, COLLAPSIBLE, PILLOW 160 GALLON (NOMINAL), DRINKING WATER
    MIL-T-53048 Revision C:1991 TANK, FABRIC, COLLAPSIBLE; AIR COLUMN SUPPORTED, OPEN TOP, WATER STORAGE 3000 GALLONS
    MIL-H-53096 Base Document:1990 HOSES & HOSE ASSEMBLIES, ELASTOMER, RUBBER, LIQUID FUEL, NON-COLLAPSIBLE, LOW TEMPERATURE
    04/30091601 DC : 0 ISO 13628-11 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - PART 11 - FLEXIBLE PIPE SYSTEMS FOR SUBSEA AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
    02/564504 DC : DRAFT OCT 2002 BS EN ISO 12402-7 - PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES - PART 7: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    15/30278562 DC : 0 BS ISO 18797-1 - PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICALS AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION OF RISERS BY COATINGS AND LININGS - PART 1: ELASTOMERIC COATING SYSTEMS - POLYCHLOROPRENE OR EPDM
    MIL-B-53102 Base Document:1990 BERM LINER ASSEMBLIES, ARCTIC SERVICE
    FSA NMEJ 701 : 0 NON-METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT HYDROTESTING AND VACUUM TESTING
    MIL H 27516 : D HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLY, NON-METALLIC, SUCTION AND DISCHARGE
    03/312144 DC : DRAFT JULY 2003 ISO 13628-10 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - PART 10 - BONDED FLEXIBLE PIPE
    ASTM D 816 : 2006 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Cements
    MIL-G-29170 Revision B:1988 GASKET, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, REINFORCED [FOR DRYDOCK CAISSONS]
    MIL H 28693 : 0 HOSE, RUBBER, OIL & GASOLINE DISCHARGE, SMOOTH BORE, LIGHTWEIGHT BUOYANT TYPE, LONGITUDINALLY REINFORCED, 6 INCH
    MIL-B-53067 Base Document:1987 BOAT, RECONNAISSANCE/LANDING ASSAULT, INFLATABLE: 3-, 7-, 15-PERSON
    MIL PRF 7726 : K RETREAD TIRES, RIBBED TREAD, PNEUMATIC AIRCRAFT
    MIL-H-52262 Revision E:1991 HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, LIGHTWEIGHT, COLLAPSIBLE 4 INCH
    API RP 17B : 2014 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR FLEXIBLE PIPE
    I.S. EN ISO 18797-1:2017 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION OF RISERS BY COATINGS AND LININGS - PART 1: ELASTOMERIC COATING SYSTEMS-POLYCHLOROPRENE OR EPDM (ISO 18797-1:2016)
    ASTM D 7067 : 2005 Standard Specification for Reinforced White PIB Sheet Used in Roofing Membrane (Withdrawn 2014)
    ASTM D 3052 : 1987 : R1996 Standard Practice for Rating Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes
    ASTM D 7106/D7106M : 2005 : R2015 : EDT 1 Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes
    ASTM D 380 : 1994 : R2012 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose
    ASTM D 380 : 1994 : R2006 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose
    ASTM D 7005 : 2003 Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites
    ASTM D 378 : 2010 : R2016 Standard Test Methods for Rubber (Elastomeric) Conveyor Belting, Flat Type
    ISO 13628-10:2005 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 10: Specification for bonded flexible pipe
    MIL-DTL-6000 Revision D:2007 HOSE, RUBBER, AIRCRAFT, FUEL, OIL, COOLANT, WATER, AND ALCOHOL
    MIL-DTL-5578 Revision D:2008 TANKS, FUEL, AIRCRAFT, SELF-SEALING
    MIL-T-53101 Base Document:1990 TANKS, FABRIC, COLLAPSIBLE, 3000, 10,000 & 20,000 GALLON, PETROLEUM, LOW TEMPERATURE
    MIL-PRF-7061 Revision E:2014 HOSE, ELASTOMERIC, AIRCRAFT, SELF-SEALING, AROMATIC FUEL
    MIL-H-62217 Revision A:1981 HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, NON METALLIC, SILICONE, POLYESTER AND WIRE REINFORCED (FOR COOLANT AND HEATING SYSTEMS OF DIESEL & GASOLINE POWERED ENGINES)
    BS ISO 18797-1 : 2016 COR 2017 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - EXTERNAL CORROSION PROTECTION OF RISERS BY COATINGS AND LININGS - PART 1: ELASTOMERIC COATING SYSTEMSPOLYCHLOROPRENE OR EPDM
    ACI 350.2R : 2004 CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR CONTAINMENT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
    MIL-T-52983 Revision G:1994 TANK, FABRIC, COLLAPSIBLE, 3,000 10,000 20,000 AND 50,000 GALLON, FUEL
    MIL H 53063 : A HOSE ASSEMBLY, ELASTOMER LIGHTWEIGHT NONCOLLAPSIBLE, FUEL
    SAE J 2076 : 2012 HIGH-TEMPERATURE POWER STEERING RETURN HOSE - LOW PRESSURE
    FSA PSJ 701 : 2006 PIPING SYSTEMS NON-METALLIC EXPANSION JOINT HYDROTESTING AND VACUUM TESTING
    MIL-B-53083 Base Document:1988 BAG, WATERPROOF, LOAD CARRYING; SPECIAL OPERATIONS WATERPROOF BAG (SOWB)
    MIL-H-4495 Revision D:1985 HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, AERIAL REFUELING
    MIL H 17902 : F HOSE, END FITTINGS AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, AIRCRAFT FUELS
    A-A-59567 Revision A:2014 HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, RUBBER (YARN OR FABRIC REINFORCED) WATER SERVICE
    DOD-STD-35-36 Revision B:1979 AUTOMATED ENGINEERING DOCUMENT PREPARATION SYSTEM SEALS, GASKETS AND PACKING
    BS ISO 13628-10 : 2005 AMD 16775 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - PART 10: SPECIFICATION FOR BONDED FLEXIBLE PIPE
    MIL H 28523 : B HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC, JETTING (4OO PSI WORKING PRESSURE)
    MIL-PRF-14442 Revision E:1997 Tank, Fuel, Engine: Non-Metallic, Non-Self-Sealing, for Military Vehicles (No S/S Document)
    MIL-H-53073 Revision B:1993 HOSE ASSEMBLY, ELASTOMERIC: FUEL DISCHARGE, COLLAPSIBLE
    SAE AS7283B : 2012 GASKETS, TYPE 20 ENGINE ACCESSORY DRIVE CORROSION RESISTANT STEEL SCREEN REINFORCED CONTROLLED PERFORMANCE
    SAE J 1532 : 2014 TRANSMISSION OIL COOLER HOSE
    ASTM D 7272 : 2006 Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured Taped Methods
    ASTM D 4637/D4637M : 2015 Standard Specification for EPDM Sheet Used In Single-Ply Roof Membrane
    ASTM D 622 : 1999 : R2020 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake System
    ASTM D 3105 : 2017 Standard Index of Methods for Testing Elastomeric and Plastomeric Roofing and Waterproofing Materials
    ASTM D 5747/D5747M : 2020 Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
    ASTM D 380 : 1994 : R2020 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose
    MIL-DTL-8794 Revision F:2007 HOSE, SYNTHETIC RUBBER - HYDRAULIC FLUID, FUEL, AND OIL RESISTANT
    MIL-DTL-6396 Revision F:2008 TANKS, FUEL, OIL, COOLING FLUIDS, INTERNAL, REMOVABLE NON-SELF-SEALING
    MIL-C-19002 Revision D:1985 CLOTH, COATED, & STRIP, COATED CLOTH POLYCHLOROPRENE ON NYLON
    MIL-PRF-11588 Revision H:2009 HOSE ASSEMBLIES, RUBBER, SYNTHETIC, LIQUID PETROLEUM FUELS, DISPENSING, COLLAPSIBLE, STANDARD AND LOW TEMPERATURE
    ASTM D 4637/D4637M : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Specification for EPDM Sheet Used In Single-Ply Roof Membrane
    MIL H 20176 : F HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, SMOOTH BORE, LIGHT-WEIGHT SEWAGE DISCHARGE AND OILY WASTE DISCHARGE
    MIL-B-24692 Revision A:1993 BREATHING APPARATUS, OXYGEN GENERATING, TYPE A-4 (METRIC)
    MIL-PRF-32306 Base Document:2008 HOSE ASSEMBLY, PREFORMED FLEXIBLE, VIBRATION AND MOTION ISOLATION
    MIL-DTL-20176 Revision H:2014 Hose and Hose Assembly, Rubber, Smooth Bore, Light-Weight Sewage Discharge and Oily Waste Discharge
    MIL H 53095 : A HOSE ASSEMBLIES, RUBBER, SYNTHETIC, LIQUID PETROLEUM FUELS, DISPENSING, COLLAPSIBLE, LOW TEMPERATURE
    MIL-DTL-27516 Revision G:2011 Hose and Hose Assembly, Nonmetallic, Suction and Discharge
    SAE J 1402 : 2017 AUTOMOTIVE AIR BRAKE HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES
    ASTM D 3045 : 1992 : R1997 Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
    CGA 8.1 : 2015 ELASTOMERIC COMPOSITE HOSE AND HOSE COUPLINGS FOR CONDUCTING PROPANE AND NATURAL GAS
    API SPEC 17K : 2017 SPECIFICATION FOR BONDED FLEXIBLE PIPE
    I.S. EN ISO 13628-11:2008 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - PART 11: FLEXIBLE PIPE SYSTEMS FOR SUBSEA AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
    SAE AS 6439 : 2013 HOSE, RUBBER, AIRCRAFT PAINT FINISH REMOVER
    ISO 18797-1:2016 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — External corrosion protection of risers by coatings and linings — Part 1: Elastomeric coating systems-polychloroprene or EPDM
    ASTM D 378 : 2010 Standard Test Methods for Rubber (Elastomeric) Conveyor Belting, Flat Type
    CGSB 20-GP-32M : 95 AMD 1 1995 MATTING, FLOOR, RUBBER OR PLASTIC
    ASTM D 3056 : 2005 : R2010 Standard Test Method for Gel Time of Solventless Varnishes
    ASTM D 622 : 1999 : R2005 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake System
    ASTM D 5747/D5747M : 2008 : R2013 : EDT 1 Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
    EN ISO 13628-10:2006 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Design and operation of subsea production systems - Part 10: Specification for bonded flexible pipe (ISO 13628-10:2006)
    UNI EN ISO 13628-11 : 2008 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - PART 11: FLEXIBLE PIPE SYSTEMS FOR SUBSEA AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
    ASTM D 380 : 1994 : R2000 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose
    02/102118 DC : DRAFT MAY 2002 BS EN ISO 13426-2 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - STRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS - PART 2: GEOCOMPOSITES
    MIL PRF 5041 : K TIRES, RIBBED TREAD, PNEUMATIC, AIRCRAFT
    ASTM D 3105 : 2017 : REDLINE Standard Index of Methods for Testing Elastomeric and Plastomeric Roofing and Waterproofing Materials
    MIL-A-47317 Base Document:1987 ADHESIVE, AIR DRYING, SILICONE RUBBER
    MIL H 17505 : E HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, OIL AND GASOLINE, SUCTION AND DISCHARGE
    MIL-DTL-17902 Revision G:2013 HOSE, END FITTINGS AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, AIRCRAFT FUELS
    A-A-52426 Revision A:2012 HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, NON-METALLIC, SILICONE, POLYESTER AND WIRE REINFORCED (FOR COOLANT AND HEATING SYSTEMS OF DIESEL AND GASOLINE POWERED ENGINES)
    MIL-DTL-28693 Revision B:2016 Hose, Rubber, Oil and Gasoline Discharge, Smooth Bore, Lightweight Buoyant Type, Longitudinally Reinforced, 6 Inch
    MIL-T-24180 Revision A:1988 TILE, RUBBER, UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC DECOUPLER
    MIL-L-52052 Revision D:1980 LIFE PRESERVER, PARACHUTIST TYPE B-7
    MIL H 53064 : A HOSE ASSEMBLY, ELASTOMER, LIGHTWEIGHT, COLLAPSIBLE - LIQUID FUEL
    MIL H 26521 : J HOSE ASSEMBLY, NONMETALLIC, FUEL, COLLAPSIBLE, LOW TEMPERATURE WITH NON-REUSABLE COUPLINGS
    MIL H 24136 : B HOSE, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED FOR FLEXIBLE HOSE ASSEMBLIES, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR
    MIL-DTL-32532 Base Document:2015 LIFE RAFT, INFLATABLE, 25-PERSON MARK-7 MOD 2, AND 50-PERSON MARK-8 MOD 2
    MIL-PRF-370 Revision K:2017 HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLIES, NONMETALLIC: ELASTOMERIC, LIQUID FUEL
    MIL-T-53066 Revision B:1994 TANK, FABRIC, COLLAPSIBLE, 5000 BARREL, FUEL
    MIL-PRF-53064 Revision C:2017 HOSE ASSEMBLY, ELASTOMER: LIGHTWEIGHT, COLLAPSIBLE; LIQUID FUEL
    MIL-PRF-32233 Revision B:2015 TANKS, COLLAPSIBLE, 3,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, & 210,000 U.S. GALLONS, FUEL
    SAE ARP 4834 : 2015 AIRCRAFT TIRE RETREADING PRACTICE - BIAS AND RADIAL
    SAE J 2050 : 2015 HIGH-TEMPERATURE POWER STEERING PRESSURE HOSE
    ASAE S394 : 1989(R1991) SPECIFICATIONS FOR IRRIGATION HOSE AND COUPLINGS USED WITH SELF-PROPELLED, HOSE-DRAG AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
    SAE J 191 : 2014 POWER STEERING PRESSURE HOSE - LOW VOLUMETRIC EXPANSION TYPE
    API 17B REDLINE : 2008 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR FLEXIBLE PIPE
    ASTM D 816 : 2006 : R2016 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Cements
    ASTM D 622 : 1999 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake System
    BS EN ISO 13628-10:2006 Petroleum and natural gas industries. Design and operation of subseaprod uction systems Specification for bonded flexible pipe
    ASTM D 7106 : 2005 Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes
    MIL-DTL-3992 Revision F:2007 HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, AIR AND VACUUM BRAKE, SYSTEMS
    MIL-DTL-22706 Revision G:1997 DUCT AND SCUFF COVER, PNEUMATIC, FLEXIBLE
    MIL H 24135 : B HOSE, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, WIRE REINFORCED AND END FITTINGS, REUSABLE, FOR FLEXIBLE HOSE ASSEMBLIES
    MIL H 11588 : F HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, SYNTHETIC, LIQUID PETROLEUM FUELS, DISPENSING, COLLAPSIBLE
    MIL-H-15217 Revision E:1983 HOSE, RUBBER, SANDBLAST
    MIL-H-28692 Base Document:1993 HOSE, NONMETALLIC, POTABLE WATER DISCHARGE, SMOOTH-BORE, LIGHTWEIGHT, 4-INCH WITH REATTACHABLE COUPLINGS
    SAE J 188 : 2012 POWER STEERING PRESSURE HOSE-HIGH VOLUMETRIC EXPANSION TYPE
    HH-P-151 Revision F:1985 PACKING; RUBBER-SHEET, CLOTH-INSERT
    MIL-D-26124 Revision B:1977 DUCT AND DUCT ASSEMBLY, PNEUMATIC, FLEXIBLE
    MIL-L-52413 Revision B:1990 LIFE PRESERVER, YOKE, ORAL INFLATION, TRAPPED AIR TYPE, DESIGN 9008
    MIL-H-28596 Revision B:1981 HOSE AND HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, STEAM
    MIL-DTL-26521 Revision L:2014 Hose Assembly, Nonmetallic, Fuel, Collapsible, Low Temperature with Non-Reusable Couplings
    MIL-DTL-17505 Revision G:2014 Hose and Hose Assembly, Rubber, Oil and Gasoline, Suction and Discharge
    MIL-PRF-28523 Revision C:1997 HOSE ASSEMBLY, RUBBER, HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC, JETTING (400 PSI WORKING PRESSURE)
    N287.2-17 Material requirements for concrete containment structures for nuclear power plants
    BS ISO 13628-11:2007 Petroleum and natural gas industries. Design and operation of subsea production systems Flexible pipe systems for subsea and marine applications
    ASTM D 816 : 2006 : R2011 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Cements
    SAE J 20 : 2015 COOLANT SYSTEM HOSES
    SAE AS 6399 : 1999 HOSE, RUBBER, WIRE-WOUND, SYNTHETIC, ICE ELIMINATING SYSTEM
    ASTM D 7106 : 2005 : R2010 Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes
    SAE J 189 : 2012 POWER STEERING RETURN HOSE - LOW PRESSURE
    SAE J 30 : 2012 FUEL AND OIL HOSES
    ASTM D 6214/D6214M : 1998 : R2013 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Field Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Chemical Fusion Methods
    ASTM D 7272 : 2006 : R2011 Standard Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured Taped Methods
    ASTM D 622 : 1999 : R2012 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Hose for Automotive Air and Vacuum Brake System
    EN ISO 13628-11:2008/AC:2009 PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS - PART 11: FLEXIBLE PIPE SYSTEMS FOR SUBSEA AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
    ISO 13628-11:2007 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and operation of subsea production systems — Part 11: Flexible pipe systems for subsea and marine applications

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    ASTM D 3183 : 201 PRACTICE FOR RUBBER - PREPARATION OF PIECES FOR TEST PURPOSES FROM PRODUCTS
    ASTM D 3182 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Practice for Rubber—Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets
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