BS 8118-1:1991

Committees responsible
Foreword
Code of Practice
Section 1. General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Major symbols
Section 2. Properties and selection of materials
2.1 Designation of materials
2.2 Permitted materials
2.3 Strength, mechanical and physical properties
2.4 Durability and corrosion protection
2.5 Fabrication and construction
2.6 Selection of materials
2.7 Availability
Section 3. Design principles
3.1 Limit state design
3.2 Loading
3.3 Static strength
3.4 Deformation
3.5 Durability
3.6 Fatigue
3.7 Vibration
3.8 Testing
Section 4. Static design of members
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Limiting stress
4.3 Section classification and local buckling
4.4 HAZ softening adjacent to welds
4.5 Beams
4.6 Tension members
4.7 Compression members
4.8 Bending with axial force and biaxial bending
4.9 Deformation (serviceability limit state)
Section 5. Plates and plate girders
5.1 General
5.2 Unstiffened plates
5.3 Multi-stiffened plating
5.4 Plate girders
Section 6. Static design of joints
6.1 General
6.2 Riveted and bolted joints: design considerations
6.3 Riveted and bolted joints: geometrical and other
       general considerations
6.4 Factored resistance of individual rivets and bolts
       other than HSFG bolts complying with British
       Standards
6.5 HSFG bolts
6.6 Pinned joints
6.7 Welded joints
6.8 Design strength of welded joints
6.9 Factored resistance of welds
6.10 Bonded joints
Section 7. Fatigue
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fatigue design criteria
7.3 Fatigue assessment procedure
7.4 Fatigue loading
7.5 Stresses
7.6 Derivation of stress spectra
7.7 Classification of details
7.8 Fatigue strength data
Section 8. Testing
8.1 General
8.2 Preparation for test
8.3 Static tests
8.4 Acceptance testing for fatigue
8.5 Reporting
Appendices
A. Nomenclature of aluminium products
B. Formal statement of safety factor format adopted
      in the code for static design resistance
      calculations
C. Typical values of design life
D. Derivation of material limiting stresses for use
      in design
E. Elasto-plastic moment calculation
F. HAZs adjacent to welds
G. General formulae for the torsional properties of
      thin-walled open sections
H. Lateral torsional buckling of beams
J. Torsional buckling of struts: determination of
      slenderness parameter lambda
K. Equations to design curves
L. Fatigue strength data
Tables
2.1 Heat-treatable alloys
2.2 Non-heat treatable alloys
2.3 Bolt and rivet material
2.4 Welding filler metals
2.5 Physical properties
2.6 General corrosion protection of aluminium structures
2.7 Additional protection at metal-to-metal contacts
      to combat crevice and galvanic effects
2.8 Selection of filler wires and rods for inert-gas
      welding
2.9 Product form availability
2.10 Range of sizes for extruded sections complying with
      BS 1161
3.1 Load factors (based on building structures)
3.2 Load factors for combined loads
3.3 Material factors
3.4 Limiting deflections
4.1 Limiting stresses, heat-treatable alloys
4.2 Limiting stresses, non-head-treatable alloys
4.3 Limiting values of beta
4.4 Curve selection for figure 4.5 (local buckling)
4.5 HAZ softening factor kz
4.6 Extent of HAZ, factor alpha
4.7 Lateral torsional buckling of beams, coefficients
      X and Y
4.8 Effective length factor K for struts
4.9 Torsional buckling parameters for struts
4.10 Choice of strut curve diagram
6.1 Limiting stress pf for aluminium fasteners
6.2 Limiting stresses of welded metal pw
6.3 Limiting stresses paz and pvz in the HAZ
7.1 Type 1 classifications: non-welded details
7.2 Type 2 classifications: welded details on surface
      of member
7.3 Type 3 classifications: welded details at end
      connections of member
7.4 Values of K2 and m in figure 7.9
8.1 Fatigue test factor F
A.1 Nearest foreign equivalent to designated wrought
      and cast alloys complying with British Standards
C.1 Typical values of design life
D.1 Limiting stress pw for weld metal
F.1 Modified HAZ softening factor k'z
F.2 General determination of kz and k'z
G.1 Specimen calculation: monosymmetric shape
G.2 Specimen calculation: skew-symmetric shape
G.3 Specimen calculation: asymmetric shape
H.1 Effective length l for beams of length L
H.2 Effective length l for cantilever of length L
K.1 Equations to design curves
Figures
4.1 Types of flat element
4.2 Flat elements under stress gradient, value of g
4.3 Buckling modes for flat reinforced elements
4.4 Reinforced elements, value of h
4.5 Local buckling factor kL
4.6 Extent of HAZ, definition of z
4.7 Typical heat-path measurement
4.8 Lateral torsional buckling, equivalent uniform
      moment M
4.9 Lateral torsional buckling of beams, buckling
      stress ps
4.10 Column buckling stress ps for struts
4.11 Torsional buckling of struts, interaction factor k
4.12 Torsional buckling of stress ps for struts
5.1 Unstiffened plate
5.2 Multi-stiffened plate
5.3 Plate girder
5.4 Elastic critical shear buckling factor v1
5.5 Basic tension field shear buckling factor v2
5.6 Flange assisted tension field shear buckling
      factor v3
5.7 Shear buckling factor m1
5.8 Effective stiffener section
5.9 Schematic interaction diagrams for plate girders
6.1 Effective butt weld throats
6.2 Effective fillet weld throats
6.3 Failure planes for static welded joint checks
6.4 Butt weld design
6.5 Fillet weld design
6.6 Effective length of longitudinal fillet welds
6.7 Thick adherend shear test
6.8 Thin sheet test specimens
7.1 Fatigue assessment procedure
7.2 Stress parameter for parent materials
7.3 Stresses in weld throats
7.4 Stress in lapped joints
7.5 Stresses in root of fillet
7.6 Reservoir cycle counting method
7.7 Simplified stress spectrum
7.8 Typical fr-N relationship
7.9 Design fr-N curves (for variable amplitude stress
      histories)
7.10 Method of identification of required fatigue class
      of drawings
B.1 Ultimate limit state criterion
E.1 Assumed elasto-plastic stress patterns (non-hybrid)
F.1 Extent of HAZ, factor eta
F.2 Typical hardness plot along a heat path from a weld
G.1 Torsion constant coefficients for certain fillets
      and bulbs
G.2 Shear centre position (S) and warping factor (H)
      for certain thin-walled sections
G.3 Monosymmetric section notation
G.4 Skew-symmetric section notation
G.5 Asymmetric section notation
J.1 Sections which exhibit no interaction between the
      pure torsional and flexural buckling modes
J.2 Monosymmetric section
J.3 Asymmetric section
J.4 Nomogram for solving cubic equation
      x(cubed) - 3(x squared) + Ax - B = 0
K.1 Buckling strength at high slenderness
L.1 Zone of greatest variation in effective fr-N curves

Recommendations for the design of elements of framed, lattice and stiffened plate structures using wrought material. These recommendations apply to lattice towers, buildings, road and rail vehicles, marine crafts, cranes and offshore topside structures.