BS ISO 20998-2:2013

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 Mechanism of attenuation (dilute case)
6 Determination of particle size
7 Instrument qualification
8 Reporting of results
Annex A (informative) - Viscoinertial loss model
Annex B (informative) - ECAH theory and limitations
Annex C (informative) - Example of a semi-empirical model
Annex D (informative) - Iterative fitting
Annex E (informative) - Physical parameter values for
        selected materials
Annex F (informative) - Practical example of PSD
        measurement
Bibliography

Specifies ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy methods for determining the size distributions of a particulate phase dispersed in a liquid at dilute concentrations, where the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum is a linear function of the particle volume fraction.

This part of ISO20998 describes ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy methods for determining the size distributions of a particulate phase dispersed in a liquid at dilute concentrations, where the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum is a linear function of the particle volume fraction. In this regime, particle–particle interactions are negligible. Colloids, dilute dispersions, and emulsions are within the scope of this part of ISO20998. The typical particle size for such analysis ranges from 10nm to 3mm, although particles outside this range have also been successfully measured. For solid particles in suspension, size measurements can be made at concentrations typically ranging from 0,1% volume fraction up to 5% volume fraction, depending on the density contrast between the solid and liquid phases, the particle size, and the frequency range.

NOTE See References [9][10].

For emulsions, measurements may be made at much higher concentrations. These ultrasonic methods can be used to monitor dynamic changes in the size distribution.

While it is possible to determine the particle size distribution from either the attenuation spectrum or the phase velocity spectrum, the use of attenuation data alone is recommended. The relative variation in phase velocity due to changing particle size is small compared to the mean velocity, so it is often difficult to determine the phase velocity with a high degree of accuracy, particularly at ambient temperature. Likewise, the combined use of attenuation and velocity spectra to determine the particle size is not recommended. The presence of measurement errors (i.e. “noise”) in the magnitude and phase spectra can increase the ill-posed nature of the problem and reduce the stability of the inversion.