To monitor contamination levels in hydraulic oil, establishing component and assembly cleanliness, and to determine filter efficiencies and size ratings, liquid automatic optical particle counters (APCs) are used. As a result of ISO 4402 being replaced by ISO 11171 (particle counter calibration), the replacement of ISO 4572 with ISO 16889 (multi-pass filter test), and the new ISO 11943 (on-line particle counter calibration), it is anticipated that the reliability and quality of particle count and filter test data will improve, thus increasing their usefulness to industry.