1 - HB 100-2000 (CJC 4-2000) COORDINATION OF POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS-MANUAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SAFE WORK PRACTICES AND...
5 - PREFACE
6 - SECTIONS
8 - SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
9 - 1.1 History
9 - 1.2 Management Responsibility
9 - 1.3 Top Management Support
9 - 1.4 Costs
9 - 1.5 Why is Coordination Necessary?
9 - 1.5.1 General
10 - 1.5.2 Direct Contact
10 - 1.5.3 Indirect Interaction between Power and Telstra Plant
11 - 1.5.4 Limits for LFI and EPR Voltages, and EPR Hazard Zones
11 - 1.5.5 Visual Pollution and Conservation of Footpath Space
11 - 1.5.6 Summary
11 - 1.6 Future of the Coordination Process
12 - SECTION 2: PURPOSE, PLAN AND USE OF MANUAL
12 - 2.1 Purpose
12 - 2.2 Plan and Use of the Manual
14 - SECTION 3: AUSTRALIAN ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COORDINATION
15 - 3.1 Implementation of Coordination
15 - 3.1.1 Principles
15 - 3.1.2 Local Interchange of Information
15 - 3.2 Organization for the Determination of Coordination Principles, Practices, and Agreements
15 - 3.2.1 General
15 - 3.2.2 Joint ESAA/Telecommunications Committees
16 - 3.2.3 Quadrennial Joint Conferences
16 - 3.2.4 Electricity Supply Association of Australia Limited (ESAA)
16 - 3.2.5 International Conference on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE)
16 - 3.2.6 International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication ((ITU-T) formerly known as CCITT)
18 - SECTION 4: THE AUSTRALIAN POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENTS
19 - 4.1 General
19 - 4.2 Electric Power Systems
19 - 4.2.1 Local Details
19 - 4.2.2 Structure of Power Systems
24 - 4.2.3 Growth and Modification of Power Systems
26 - 4.2.4 Documentation, Identification and Physical Features
28 - 4.2.5 Basic Electrical Characteristics and System Concepts
34 - 4.2.6 Earthing and Power System Protection
43 - 4.2.7 Power System Developments
47 - 4.3 The Telstra System
47 - 4.3.1 Network Features
49 - 4.3.2 Constructional Practices for Telstra Circuits
50 - 4.3.3 Telstra System Protection and Earthing Practices
50 - 4.3.4 Telstra Exchange and Customer Equipment
51 - 4.3.5 Telstra System Developments
51 - 4.4 Distribution Practices of Power Utilities and Telstra
51 - 4.4.1 General
51 - 4.4.2 Wholly Underground Reticulation
52 - 4.4.3 Joint Use of Poles
52 - 4.4.4 Erection of Poles by Both Parties
52 - 4.4.5 Crossing and Stays
54 - SECTION 5: JOINT PROJECT GROUPS AND ISSUES
54 - 5.1 Introduction
54 - 5.2 Organization and Implementation Project Group
54 - 5.3 Liaison Project Group
54 - 5.4 Construction and Shared Plant Project Group
54 - 5.5 Noise Mitigation Project Group
55 - 5.6 Impact of Power Faults Project Group
55 - 5.7 Reestablishment of CJC within Standards Australia
56 - SECTION 6: ELECTRICAL AND PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN POWER AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANT
57 - 6.1 Direct Contact
58 - 6.2 Types of Coupling and Theory of Interaction between Power and Telstra Plant
58 - 6.2.1 Introduction
59 - 6.2.2 Conductive Coupling
59 - 6.2.3 Electromagnetic Coupling
61 - 6.2.4 Electrostatic Coupling
63 - 6.3 Types of Interference and Limits Which Are Applied in Australia
63 - 6.3.1 General
63 - 6.3.2 Limits Controlling Danger to Persons
66 - 6.3.3 Limits Controlling Damage to Plant
67 - 6.3.4 Limits Controlling Disturbances to Telstra Lines - Noise
68 - 6.4 Conductive Coupling and Earth Potential Rise
68 - 6.4.1 Occurrence of Conductive Coupling
68 - 6.4.2 Direct Contact
69 - 6.4.3 Indirect Conductive Coupling
69 - 6.4.4 Earth Potential Rise (EPR)
77 - 6.4.5 Sharing Earthing Systems
77 - 6.4.6 Theory and Control of Noise from Conductive Coupling
82 - 6.5 Theory and Control of Electromagnetic Induction from Power Lines to Telstra Lines
82 - 6.5.1 General
82 - 6.5.2 Mechanism of Induction at 50 Hz During Earth Faults
83 - 6.5.3 Calculation of Longitudinal Induced Voltage
84 - 6.5.4 Evaluation of Factors for Calculating Induced Longitudinal Voltages
104 - 6.5.5 Overvoltage Protection of Telstra Plant when Longitudinal Induced Voltage Exceeds Limits
105 - 6.5.6 Voice Frequency (VF) Induction and Noise
106 - 6.5.7 Mechanism of Induction from Power Lines to Telstra Lines at Voice Frequencies
108 - 6.5.8 Voice Frequency Currents on Power Lines
108 - 6.5.9 Noise Effects of Voice Frequency Currents
109 - 6.5.10 An Inductive Coupled Noise Example
110 - 6.5.11 Shielding Theory and Practice
111 - 6.5.12 Generation of Harmonic
115 - 6.5.13 Resonant Power Lines
117 - 6.5.14 Noise Effects on Various Telstra Circuit Types
119 - 6.5.15 Noise from Balanced HV Power Lines - Operating Normally
120 - 6.5.16 Noise from Unbalanced HV Power Lines
124 - 6.5.17 Noise from HV Power Lines - During Faults and Switching
124 - 6.5.18 Noise Measurements
131 - 6.5.19 Noise Chokes and Noise Neutralization in Telstra Lines
132 - 6.6 Theory and Control of Electrostatic Induction from Power Lines to Telstra Line
133 - 6.7 References
134 - SECTION 7: RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR SHARED PLANT AND CROSSINGS
135 - 7.1 Mechanism of Interaction
135 - 7.1.1 Introduction
135 - 7.1.2 Interaction for Underground Cabling and Shared Trenches
136 - 7.1.3 Interaction for Crossings
136 - 7.1.4 Interaction for Joint Use
136 - 7.2 Procedures for Forward Planning
136 - 7.2.1 Procedures Applicable to the Recommended Practices for Plant Underground
136 - 7.2.2 Procedures Applicable to the Arrangement for Sharing of Trenches
137 - 7.2.3 Procedures Applicable to the Crossings Code
137 - 7.2.4 Procedures Applicable to the Joint Use of Poles
138 - 7.3 Reasons for Coordination
138 - 7.3.1 Recommended Practices for Plant Underground
138 - 7.3.2 Sharing of Trenches
138 - 7.3.3 Crossings
139 - 7.3.4 Joint Use
139 - 7.4 Standards and Limits Applied
139 - 7.5 Critical System Variables and Other Factors Contributing to Successful Sharing of Plant
139 - 7.5.1 Recommended Practices for Plant Underground
141 - 7.5.2 Shared Trenches
141 - 7.5.3 Crossings
141 - 7.5.4 Joint Use
142 - 7.5.5 Impact of Aerial Bundled Cable (ABC) on Crossings and Joint Use
145 - 7.6 Design to Limit Effects and Gain Benefits and Checks Made to Ensure Adequate Coordination Is Applied
145 - 7.7 Job Work Instructions and References
146 - 7.8 Calculation, Measurement and Diagnosis
146 - 7.9 Agreement on Least Cost Solutions
146 - 7.10 Sharing of Costs
146 - 7.10.1 Basic Principles
146 - 7.10.2 Recommended Practices for Plant Underground
146 - 7.10.3 Shared Trenches
147 - 7.10.4 Crossings
148 - 7.10.5 Joint Use
150 - SECTION 8: LIMITING EFFECTS OF POWER SYSTEM FAULTS
151 - 8.1 Mechanism of Interaction
151 - 8.1.1 Source of Interaction: Fault Current
151 - 8.1.2 Fault Current Returning via Earth
151 - 8.1.3 Earth Potential Rise (EPR)
154 - 8.1.4 Low Frequency Induction (LFI)
154 - 8.2 Procedures for Forward Planning
154 - 8.2.1 General
155 - 8.2.2 Procedures Applicable to the EPR Code
156 - 8.2.3 Procedures Applicable to the LFI Code and Application Guide
157 - 8.3 Reasons for Coordination: Case Histories: Failure Modes
157 - 8.3.1 EPR
157 - 8.3.2 LFI
158 - 8.3.3 Case Histories Indicating Problems from Inadequate Coordination
160 - 8.4 Standards and Limits Applied
160 - 8.4.1 General
161 - 8.4.2 LFI Limits
162 - 8.4.3 EPR Limits and Hazard Zones
163 - 8.5 Critical System Variables and Other Factors Contributing to Successful EPR and LFI Coordination
163 - 8.5.1 General
163 - 8.5.2 EPR
164 - 8.5.3 LFI
164 - 8.5.4 New Developments in Power System Practice Which Affect EPR and LFI Coordination Problems
165 - 8.5.5 Developments in Telstra Practice Which Affect EPR and LFI Coordination Problems
165 - 8.6 Design to Limit Effects and Gain Benefits and Checks Made to Ensure Adequate Coordination Is Applied
166 - 8.7 Job Work Instructions and References
166 - 8.8 Calculation, Measurement and Diagnosis
166 - 8.8.1 Introduction
166 - 8.8.2 EPR
173 - 8.8.3 Calculation of LFI
177 - 8.9 Agreement on Least Cost Solution
177 - 8.10 Sharing of Costs
177 - 8.10.1 Basic Principles
178 - 8.10.2 EPR
180 - SECTION 9: LIMITING NOISE INTERFERENCES
181 - 9.1 Mechanism of Noise Interference Interaction between Power and Telstra Systems
181 - 9.1.1 Introduction
181 - 9.1.2 Inductively Coupled Noise
185 - 9.1.3 Conductively Coupled Noise
190 - 9.1.4 Capacitively Coupled Noise
190 - 9.1.5 Telstra Faults
190 - 9.1.6 Noise from HV Power Lines: During Faults and Switching
191 - 9.2 Procedures for Forward Planning
191 - 9.2.1 Procedures Explicitly Required by Codes and Application Guides
192 - 9.2.2 Control Through Procedures in Other Codes
192 - 9.2.3 Situations Where No Formal Procedures Exist
192 - 9.3 Reasons for Coordination: Case Histories: Failure Modes
192 - 9.3.1 Introduction
193 - 9.3.2 Unbalanced HV Power Lines Code
193 - 9.3.3 The Joint ESAA/Telstra Noise Review
193 - 9.3.4 Case Histories
196 - 9.4 Standards and Limits Applied
196 - 9.4.1 Noise Limits
196 - 9.4.2 Noise Effects on Various Telstra Circuit Types
197 - 9.5 Critical System Variables
197 - 9.5.1 General
197 - 9.5.2 Power System Control
198 - 9.5.3 Power Customer Control
198 - 9.5.4 Telstra Control
198 - 9.6 Design to Limit Effects and Gain Benefits and Checks Made to Ensure Adequate Coordination is Applied
199 - 9.7 Job Work Instructions and References
199 - 9.8 Calculation, Measurement and Diagnosis
199 - 9.8.1 General
199 - 9.8.2 Telecommunications System Measurements
200 - 9.8.3 Power System Measurements
201 - 9.9 Agreement on Least Cost Solution
201 - 9.10 Cost Sharing
201 - 9.10.1 Principles and Examples
202 - 9.10.2 Costs of Investigations
202 - 9.10.3 Cost Estimates
204 - SECTION 10: COORDINATION AT CUSTOMER PREMISES AND ON PRIVATE PROPERTY
205 - 10.1 Mechanism of Interaction between Power and Telecommunication Systems
205 - 10.1.1 General
205 - 10.1.2 Principles Controlling Safety
206 - 10.2 Procedures for Forward Planning
206 - 10.3 Reasons for Coordination: Case Histories: Failure Modes
206 - 10.3.1 Prevention of Direct Contacts
207 - 10.3.2 Sharing and Bonding of Power and Telecommunications Earthing Systems
207 - 10.3.3 EPR Considerations
207 - 10.3.4 Noise Considerations
207 - 10.3.5 Case Histories
208 - 10.4 Standards and Limits Applied
208 - 10.4.1 ESAA/Telstra
208 - 10.4.2 AUSTEL/ACA
208 - 10.4.3 Standards Australia
209 - 10.4.4 Prevention of Direct Contacts
209 - 10.4.5 EPR Considerations
209 - 10.4.6 Sharing and Bonding of Earthing Systems
210 - 10.4.7 Noise Considerations
210 - 10.5 Critical System Variables
210 - 10.5.1 Prevention of Direct Contacts
210 - 10.5.2 EPR Control
211 - 10.5.3 Sharing and Bonding of Earthing Systems
211 - 10.5.4 Noise Control
212 - 10.6 Design to Limit Effects and Gain Benefits and Checks Made to Ensure Adequate Coordination Is Applied
212 - 10.7 Job Work Instructions and References
212 - 10.8 Calculation, Measurement and Diagnosis
212 - 10.9 Agreement on Least Cost Solution
212 - 10.10 Sharing of Costs
214 - SECTION 11: ESAA/TELSTRA LIAISONS WITH STANDARDS AND REGULATORY BODIES
214 - 11.1 Regulatory Arrangements: Telecommunications
214 - 11.2 Regulatory Arrangements: Power utilities
214 - 11.3 Standards Australia
214 - 11.4 International
214 - 11.5 New Zealand
216 - SECTION 12: CODES, GUIDES, TEXTS, STANDARDS AND PAPERS
217 - 12.1 Telstra/ESAA Codes, Agreements and Application Guides
219 - 12.2 Additional Publications Sponsored Jointly by Telstra and ESAA
221 - 12.3 Major texts and Reference Books
221 - 12.4 Papers, Guidelines, etc., Published by ESAA or Australian Power Utilities or Available through ESAA
221 - 12.5 Power and Telecommunication Systems Coordination Conference, 19 March 1997, Melbourne, Australia
222 - 12.6 Publications and Projects of Committee ET/7 (CCPT)
223 - 12.7 Other Standards
224 - 12.8 Other Relevant Papers