I.S. EN 15512:2009

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Basis of design
   5.1 Requirements
        5.1.1 Basic requirements
        5.1.2 Un-braced racking systems
        5.1.3 Braced racking systems
        5.1.4 Design working life
        5.1.5 Floor tolerances and deformations
   5.2 Methods of design
        5.2.1 General
        5.2.2 Ultimate limit state
        5.2.3 Serviceability limit state
   5.3 Imperfections
        5.3.1 General
        5.3.2 Sway frame imperfections in un-braced systems
        5.3.3 Bracing system imperfections
        5.3.4 Imperfections in racks partially braced in the
              down-aisle direction
        5.3.5 Member imperfections
6 Actions and combinations of actions
   6.1 General
   6.2 Permanent actions
        6.2.1 General
        6.2.2 Weights of materials and construction
   6.3 Variable actions
        6.3.1 General
        6.3.2 Unit loads to be stored
        6.3.3 Vertical placement loads
        6.3.4 Horizontal placement loads
        6.3.5 Effects of rack-guided equipment
        6.3.6 Floor and walkway loads (see also EN 1991-1-1)
        6.3.7 Actions arising from installation
   6.4 Actions due to impact (accidental loads)
        6.4.1 General
        6.4.2 Accidental vertical actions
        6.4.3 Accidental horizontal load
   6.5 Wind loads
   6.6 Snow loads
   6.7 Seismic actions
7 Partial factors and combination rules
   7.1 General
   7.2 Combinations of actions for the ultimate limit state
   7.3 Combination of actions for serviceability limit states
   7.4 Load factors
   7.5 Material factors
   7.6 Stability against overturning
   7.7 Racks braced against the building structure
8 Steel
   8.1 General
        8.1.1 Preliminary considerations
        8.1.2 Material properties
        8.1.3 Design values of material coefficients (general
              mechanical properties)
        8.1.4 Steels with no guaranteed mechanical properties
        8.1.5 Untested steels
   8.2 Average yield strength of sections
   8.3 Special selection of production material
   8.4 Fracture toughness
   8.5 Dimensional tolerances
        8.5.1 General
        8.5.2 Thickness of material
        8.5.3 Tolerances on thickness
        8.5.4 Width and depth of a cold-formed section
        8.5.5 Member straightness
        8.5.6 Twist
        8.5.7 Tolerances with regard to design and assembly
   8.6 Bracing eccentricities
   8.7 Eccentricities between beams and uprights
   8.8 Requirements for beam connector locks
   8.9 Durability
9 Structural analysis
   9.1 Structural modelling for analysis and basic assumption
   9.2 Calculation of section properties
        9.2.1 General
        9.2.2 Effect of corner radii
        9.2.3 Effect of perforations
        9.2.4 Effect of cross-section distortion
        9.2.5 Effect of local buckling
   9.3 Beams
        9.3.1 General
        9.3.2 Moment of resistance of members not subject to
              lateral-torsional buckling
   9.4 Design of beams
        9.4.1 General
        9.4.2 Loads on beams
        9.4.3 Design bending moments for beams
        9.4.4 Design shear force for beams
        9.4.5 Deflection of beams
        9.4.6 Beams as tie beams in braced pallet racks
        9.4.7 Design resistance with respect to web crippling
        9.4.8 Design resistance with respect to shear forces
        9.4.9 Combined shear force, axial force and bending moment
        9.4.10 Combined bending moment and web crippling
   9.5 Design of beam end connectors
        9.5.1 General
        9.5.2 Design bending moments in beam end connectors
        9.5.3 Design shear force for beam end connectors
        9.5.4 Design shear force and bending moment for beam
              end connectors
   9.6 Beams subject to bending and torsion
        9.6.1 General
        9.6.2 Lateral torsional buckling of beams
   9.7 Compression, tension and bending in members
        9.7.1 Non-perforated compression members
        9.7.2 Perforated compression members
        9.7.3 Cross sectional verification
        9.7.4 Design strength with respect to flexural buckling
        9.7.5 Torsional and flexural-torsional buckling
        9.7.6 Combined bending and axial loading
   9.8 Design of splices
   9.9 Design of base plates
        9.9.1 General
        9.9.2 Effective area A[bas] for base plates
   9.10 Floor materials
        9.10.1 Concrete floors
        9.10.2 Bituminous floors
        9.10.3 Other floor materials
        9.10.4 Design of anchorages
   9.11 Design of run spacers
10 Global analysis of beam pallet racks
   10.1 General considerations
        10.1.1 General
        10.1.2 Two dimensional analysis
        10.1.3 Advanced three-dimensional analysis
   10.2 Design procedure
        10.2.1 Actions
        10.2.2 Procedure
        10.2.3 Analysis of braced and un-braced racks in the
               down-aisle direction
        10.2.4 Moment-rotation characteristics of beam end connectors
        10.2.5 Moment-rotation characteristics of the connection
               to the floor
   10.3 Analysis of braced and un-braced racks in the cross-aisle
        direction
        10.3.1 General
        10.3.2 Out of plane stability
        10.3.3 Frame classification
   10.4 Methods of global analysis
   10.5 Simplified methods of analysis for stability in the
        cross-aisle direction
   10.6 Design of uprights
        10.6.1 General
        10.6.2 Design axial forces and bending moments
11 Serviceability limit states
   11.1 General
   11.2 Serviceability limit states for racking
12 Marking and labelling
   12.1 Identification of performance of rack installations
13 Test methods and evaluation of results
   13.1 General
   13.2 Requirements for tests
        13.2.1 Equipment
        13.2.2 Support conditions
        13.2.3 Application of the load
        13.2.4 Increments of the test load
        13.2.5 Assembly of test specimens
        13.2.6 Test reports
   13.3 Interpretation of test results
        13.3.1 Definition of failure load
        13.3.2 Corrections to test results
        13.3.3 Derivation of characteristic values
        13.3.4 Characteristic values for a family of tests
        13.3.5 Corrections to failure loads or moments
Annex A (normative) Testing
      A.1 Materials tests
          A.1.1 Tensile test
          A.1.2 Bend tests
      A.2 Tests on components and connections
          A.2.1 Stub column compression test
          A.2.2 Compression tests on uprights - Checks for the
                 effects of distortional buckling
          A.2.3 Compression tests on uprights - Determination
                 of buckling curves
          A.2.4 Bending tests on beam end connectors
          A.2.5 Looseness tests on beam end connectors
          A.2.6 Shear tests on beam end connectors and
                 connector locks
          A.2.7 Tests on floor connections
          A.2.8 Tests for the shear stiffness of upright frames
          A.2.9 Bending tests on upright sections
          A.2.10 Bending tests on beams
          A.2.11 Tests on upright splices
Annex B (informative) Amplified sway method for down-aisle
        stability analysis
      B.1 General
      B.2 Linear elastic analysis
      B.3 Elastic critical value
      B.4 Amplification factor
Annex C (informative) Approximate equations for the design of
        a regular storage rack in the down-aisle direction
      C.1 Approximate equation for regular construction
      C.2 Additional bending moments due to pattern loading
      C.3 Design Moments
      C.4 Design loads in outer columns
Annex D (informative) Background to the acceptance of materials
        of low f[u]/f[y] ratio (cold reduced steel)
Annex E (informative) Position inaccuracies
Annex F (informative) Equivalent beam loads
Annex G (informative) Simplified method for cross-aisle
        stability analysis in circumstances where there
        is uniform distribution of compartment loads over
        the height of the upright frame
      G.1 General
      G.2 Global buckling of upright frames
      G.3 Shear stiffness of upright frame
      G.4 Amplification factor beta
Annex H (informative) Factory production control (FPC)
      H.1 General
      H.2 Frequency of tests
      H.3 Bending tests on beam end connectors
      H.4 Bend tests
Annex I (informative) A-deviations
      I.1 Dutch national legislative deviations
      I.2 German national legislative deviations
Bibliography

Describes the structural design requirements applicable to all types of adjustable beam pallet rack systems fabricated from steel members intended for the storage of unit loads and subject to predominantly static loads. Both un-braced and braced systems are included.