• Shopping Cart
    There are no items in your cart

ISO 12957-2:2005

Withdrawn

Withdrawn

A Withdrawn Standard is one, which is removed from sale, and its unique number can no longer be used. The Standard can be withdrawn and not replaced, or it can be withdrawn and replaced by a Standard with a different number.

Geosynthetics — Determination of friction characteristics — Part 2: Inclined plane test

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF , PDF 3 Users , PDF 5 Users , PDF 9 Users

Withdrawn date

06-12-2024

Language(s)

English, French

Published date

08-02-2005

€60.00
Excluding VAT

ISO 12957-2:2005 describes a method of determining the friction characteristics of geosynthetics (geotextiles and geotextile-related products, geosynthetic barriers), in contact with soils, at low normal stress, using an inclining plane apparatus.

This method is primarily intended as a performance test to be used with site-specific soils but may also be used as an index test with standard sand.

Test data obtained for geogrids tested with a rigid support are not necessarily realistic as the results depend on the friction support.

Committee
ISO/TC 221
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes ISO/DIS 12957-2 (02/2005)
DocumentType
Standard
Pages
10
PublisherName
International Organization for Standardization
Status
Withdrawn
UnderRevision

PREN 13361 : DRAFT 2016 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
15/30328778 DC : 0 BS EN 13251 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EARTHWORKS, FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
PREN 13491 : DRAFT 2016 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE AS A FLUID BARRIER IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND ASSOCIATED UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
16/30338114 DC : 0 BS EN 13361 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
15/30328787 DC : 0 BS EN 13265 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN LIQUID WASTE CONTAINMENT PROJECTS
15/30328784 DC : 0 BS EN 13257 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED DOCUMENTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN SOLID WASTE DISPOSALS
16/30338123 DC : 0 BS EN 16993 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STORAGE LAGOONS, SECONDARY CONTAINMENT (ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND) AND OTHER CONTAINMENT APPLICATIONS FOR CHEMICALS, POLLUTED WATER AND PRODUCED LIQUIDS
11/30239917 DC : 0 BS EN 13249 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND OTHER TRAFFICKED AREAS (EXCLUDING RAILWAYS AND ASPHALT INCLUSION)
15/30328781 DC : 0 BS EN 13256 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
12/30267857 DC : 0 BS EN 15382 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
12/30267848 DC : 0 BS EN 13362 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
11/30239944 DC : 0 BS EN 13265 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN LIQUID WASTE CONTAINMENT PROJECTS
BS EN 13493:2013 Geosynthetic barriers. Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites
UNE-EN 15382:2013 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in transportation infrastructure
BS EN 15382:2013 Geosynthetic barriers. Characteristics required for use in transportation infrastructure
BS EN 13492:2013 Geosynthetic barriers. Characteristics required for use in the construction of liquid waste disposal sites, transfer stations or secondary containment
BS EN 13253:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in erosion control works (coastal protection, bank revetments)
UNE-EN 13257:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in solid waste disposals
EN 13255:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals
DIN EN 13492:2013-11 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, TRANSFER STATIONS OR SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
EN 13265:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects
EN 13250:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of railways
EN 13257:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in solid waste disposals
EN 13249:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion)
DIN EN 15382:2013-11 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
EN 13254:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for the use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
EN 13256:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of tunnels and underground structures
15/30328790 DC : 0 BS EN 13249 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND OTHER TRAFFICKED AREAS (EXCLUDING RAILWAYS AND ASPHALT INCLUSION)
11/30239929 DC : 0 BS EN 13253 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EROSION CONTROL WORKS (COASTAL PROTECTION, BANK REVETMENTS)
PREN 13255 : DRAFT 2011 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
11/30239941 DC : 0 BS EN 13257 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN SOLID WASTE DISPOSALS
15/30328775 DC : 0 BS EN 13250 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS
DIN EN 13361:2016-08 (Draft) GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
PREN 13256 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
UNE-EN 13492:2013 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of liquid waste disposal sites, transfer stations or secondary containment
DIN EN 13492:2016-08 (Draft) GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, TRANSFER STATIONS OR SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
BS EN 16993:2018 Geosynthetic barriers. Characteristics required for use in the construction of storage lagoons, secondary containment (above and below ground) and other containment applications for chemicals, polluted water and produced liquids
PREN 13362 : DRAFT 2012 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
I.S. EN 13361:2018 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
DIN EN 13493:2016-08 (Draft) GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL SITES
DIN EN 13361:2013-11 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
UNE-EN 13253:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in erosion control works (coastal protection, bank revetments)
I.S. EN 13251:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EARTHWORKS, FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
I.S. EN 13249:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND OTHER TRAFFICKED AREAS (EXCLUDING RAILWAYS AND ASPHALT INCLUSION)
I.S. EN 13256:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
I.S. EN 13252:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
I.S. EN 13265:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN LIQUID WASTE CONTAINMENT PROJECTS
I.S. EN 13255:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
I.S. EN 13250:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS
I.S. EN 13257:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN SOLID WASTE DISPOSALS
I.S. EN 13253:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EROSION CONTROL WORKS (COASTAL PROTECTION, BANK REVETMENTS)
I.S. EN 13254:2016 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR THE USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
11/30239932 DC : 0 BS EN 13254 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR THE USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
11/30239938 DC : 0 BS EN 13256 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
15/30328772 DC : 0 BS EN 13254 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR THE USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
PREN 13252 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
PREN 13250 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS
PREN 13257 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED DOCUMENTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN SOLID WASTE DISPOSALS
PREN 13253 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EROSION CONTROL WORKS (COASTAL PROTECTION, BANK REVETMENTS)
EN 13493:2018 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites
DIN EN 13362:2016-08 (Draft) GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
I.S. EN 13362:2018 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
BS EN 13249:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion)
16/30338108 DC : DRAFT JULY 2016 BS EN 13362 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
12/30267854 DC : 0 BS EN 13492 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE AS A FLUID BARRIER IN CONSTRUCTION AND TUNNELS AND ASSOCIATED UNDER GROUND STRUCTURES
11/30239926 DC : 0 BS EN 13252 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
12/30267845 DC : 0 BS EN 13361 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
16/30338117 DC : 0 BS EN 13493 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL SITES
12/30268279 DC : 0 BS EN 13493 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL SITES
15/30328796 DC : 0 BS EN 13253 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EROSION CONTROL WORKS (COASTAL PROTECTION, BANK REVETMENTS)
PREN 13493 : DRAFT 2016 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL SITES
PREN 13492 : DRAFT 2016 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, TRANSFER STATIONS OR SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
PREN 13249 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND OTHER TRAFFICKED AREAS (EXCLUDING RAILWAYS AND ASPHALT INCLUSION)
PREN 13265 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN LIQUID WASTE CONTAINMENT PROJECTS
I.S. EN 16993:2018 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STORAGE LAGOONS, SECONDARY CONTAINMENT (ABOVE AND BELOW GROUND) AND OTHER CONTAINMENT APPLICATIONS FOR CHEMICALS, POLLUTED WATER AND PRODUCED LIQUIDS
PREN 13254 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR THE USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESERVOIRS AND DAMS
UNE-EN 13493:2013 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of solid waste storage and disposal sites
UNE-EN 13361:2013 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
DIN EN 15382:2016-08 (Draft) GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
UNE-EN 13362:2013 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals
EN 13362:2018 Geosynthetic Barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals
EN 15382:2018 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in transportation infrastructure
EN 13492:2018 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of liquid waste disposal sites, transfer stations or secondary containment
EN 13361:2018 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
I.S. EN 13493:2013 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL SITES
I.S. EN 15382:2013 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
BS EN 13255:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals
BS EN 13252:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in drainage systems
UNE-EN 13252:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in drainage systems
BS EN 13257:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in solid waste disposals
UNE-EN 13254:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for the use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
UNE-EN 13255:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals
BS EN 13265:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects
UNE-EN 13265:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in liquid waste containment projects
BS EN 13256:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in the construction of tunnels and underground structures
BS EN 13254:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for the use in the construction of reservoirs and dams
UNE-EN 13256:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of tunnels and underground structures
UNE-EN 13250:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of railways
UNE-EN 13251:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures
EN 13253:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in erosion control works (coastal protection, bank revetments)
EN 16993:2018 Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use in the construction of storage lagoons, secondary containment (above and below ground) and other containment applications for chemicals, polluted water and produced liquids
16/30338126 DC : 0 BS EN 13492 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, TRANSFER STATIONS OR SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
11/30239920 DC : 0 BS EN 13250 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS
11/30239935 DC : 0 BS EN 13255 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
11/30239923 DC : 0 BS EN 13251 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EARTHWORKS, FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
I.S. EN 13492:2013 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, TRANSFER STATIONS OR SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
16/30338111 DC : 0 BS EN 13491 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE AS A FLUID BARRIER IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND ASSOCIATED UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
15/30328769 DC : 0 BS EN 13252 - GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
PREN 13251 : DRAFT 2015 GEOTEXTILES AND GEOTEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN EARTHWORKS, FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
16/30338120 DC : 0 BS EN 15382 - GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
BS EN 13362:2018 Geosynthetic Barriers. Characteristics required for use in the construction of canals
BS EN 13250:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in the construction of railways
BS EN 13251:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products. Characteristics required for use in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures
UNE-EN 13249:2017 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in the construction of roads and other trafficked areas (excluding railways and asphalt inclusion)
EN 13252:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in drainage systems
DIN EN 13362:2013-11 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANALS
DIN EN 13493:2013-11 GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS - CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FOR USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLID WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL SITES
EN 13251:2016 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Characteristics required for use in earthworks, foundations and retaining structures

ISO 9862:2005 Geosynthetics — Sampling and preparation of test specimens
ISO 554:1976 Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 6344-2:1998 Coated abrasives Grain size analysis Part 2: Determination of grain size distribution of macrogrits P12 to P220

Access your standards online with a subscription

Features

  • Simple online access to standards, technical information and regulations.

  • Critical updates of standards and customisable alerts and notifications.

  • Multi-user online standards collection: secure, flexible and cost effective.