S.R. CWA 45547:2004

Foreword
Symbols and Indices
1 Objective and Scope
  1.1 Relation to Annex II of CHP Directive 2004/8/EC
      11 February 2004
2 Reading Instructions (Route Map)
  2.1 Instructions
  2.2 Annexes
3 Definitions
  3.1 Energies
  3.2 Dimensionless Figures of Energies
4 Description of CHP and Non-CHP Processes
  4.1 CHP Plant
  4.2 CHP Process
      4.2.1 Electrical/Mechanical Energy-to-Heat Energy
             Ratio
      4.2.2 CHP Overall Efficiency
  4.3 Non-Combined Heat Energy Generation
  4.4 Non-Combined Electrical/Mechanical Energy Generation
      4.4.1 Electrical/Mechanical Energy Loss
5 Determination Principles
6 Determination of Energy In- and Outputs
  6.1 CHP Plant Boundary
      6.1.1 CHP Plant Area
      6.1.2 Consumers Area
  6.2 Determination of Total Fuel Energy (f)
      6.2.1 Treatment of Recycled Fuel Energy
      6.2.2 Classification of Fuels
      6.2.3 Indirect Determination of Fuel Energy Inputs
      6.2.4 Imported Energy
      6.2.5 Steam, Hot Water and Hot Gas
      6.2.6 Justification for crediting the full heat
             content (above ambient temperature datum) of
             the steam used on site as CHP heat output without
             deducting all the energy in condensate returned
  6.3 Determination of Total Electrical/Mechanical Energy (p)
      6.3.1 Determination of Total Electrical Energy (p[e])
      6.3.2 Determination of Total Mechanical Energy (p[m])
  6.4 Determination of Total Useful Heat (q)
      6.4.1 Determination of Useful Heat from Steam Delivery
      6.4.2 Hot Water and Thermal Fluid Systems
      6.4.3 Direct Use of Exhaust Gases
7 Determination of NON-CHP Useful Heat Energy and Referring
  Fuel Energy
  7.1 Live Steam Extraction
  7.2 Auxiliary/Supplementary firing
  7.3 Complex CHP plants
8 Determination of Overall Efficiency (eta)
9 Determination of NON-CHP Electrical/Mechanical Energy and
  the Referring Fuel Energy
  9.1 Determination of Power Loss Coefficient(s)
      9.1.1 Plants without Power Loss
      9.1.2 Plants with Power Loss
Annex A
  A.1 Small Scale CHP plants
Annex B
  B.1 Determination of Power Loss Coefficients by Performance
      Test (Example)
Annex C
  C.1 Sample Deter
      C.1.1 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) with Back-up
             Boiler
      C.1.2 Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery
      C.1.3 Steam Backpressure Turbine
      C.1.4 Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery and
             Supplementary/Auxiliary Firing
      C.1.5 Combined Cycle Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery
             and Supplementary Firing
      C.1.6 Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery and Bypass Facility
      C.1.7 Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery, Bypass Facility
             and Supplementary/Auxiliary Firing
      C.1.8 Combined Cycle Gas Turbine with Heat Recovery,
             Bypass Facility and Auxiliary Firing
      C.1.9 Steam Condensing Extraction Turbine with Live
             Steam Extraction
      C.1.10 Steam Condensing Extraction Turbine with Heat
             Recovery from Flue Gas
      C.1.11 Combined Cycle with Complex Common Steam Header
  C.2 CHP Plant Descriptions
  C.3 CHP Plant Monitoring
      C.3.1 General Metering Requirements
  C.4 How to Deal with Uncertainties
References

Covers a set of transparent and accurate formulae and definitions for determination of CHP (cogeneration) energy products and the referring energy inputs.