AS 1307.1-1986

1 - AS 1307.1-1986 SURGE ARRESTERS (DIVERTERS) - SILICON CARBIDE TYPE FOR AC SYSTEMS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE.
6 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.
6 - 1.3 SERVICE CONDITIONS.
6 - 1.3.1 Normal service conditions.
6 - 1.3.2 Special service conditions.
7 - SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
7 - 2.1 APPLICATION.
7 - 2.2 ARRESTERS AND THEIR COMPONENT PARTS.
7 - 2.2.1 Surge arrester (surge diverter)
7 - 2.2.2 Silicon carbide gap-type arrester
7 - 2.2.3 Series gap
7 - 2.2.4 Non-linear silicon carbide series resistor
7 - 2.2.5 Section of an arrester
7 - 2.2.6 Unit of an arrester
7 - 2.2.7 Homogeneous series of arresters
7 - 2.2.8 Pressure-relief device
7 - 2.2.9 Arrester disconnector
7 - 2.3 ELECTRICAL TESTING.
7 - 2.3.1 Disruptive discharge
7 - 2.3.2 Puncture (breakdown)
7 - 2.3.3 Flashover
7 - 2.3.4 Sparkover
7 - 2.3.5 Impulse
7 - 2.3.6 Rectangular impulse
7 - 2.3.7 Peak value of an impulse
7 - 2.3.8 Front of an impulse
7 - 2.3.9 Tail of an impulse
7 - 2.3.10 Full-wave impulse
7 - 2.3.11 Chopped voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.12 Prospective peak value of chopped voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.13 Virtual origin of an impulse
8 - 2.3.14 Virtual front time of an impulse
8 - 2.3.15 Virtual steepness of the front of an impulse
8 - 2.3.16 Virtual time to half value of the tail of an impulse
8 - 2.3.17 Waveshape designation of an impulse
8 - 2.3.18 Standard lightning voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.19 Switching voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.20 Virtual duration of the peak of a rectangular impulse
8 - 2.3.21 Virtual total duration of a rectangular impulse
8 - 2.3.22 Peak value of opposite polarity of an impulse
8 - 2.3.23 Prospective current
8 - 2.4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
8 - 2.4.1 Discharge current
8 - 2.4.2 Nominal discharge current
8 - 2.4.3 Follow-current
8 - 2.4.4 Residual voltage (discharge voltage)
8 - 2.4.5 Power-frequency sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.6 Impulse sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.7 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.8 Standard lightning-impulse sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.9 Time to sparkover
8 - 2.4.10 Impulse sparkover voltage/time curve
8 - 2.4.11 Impulse protective level
9 - 2.4.12 Rated impulse protective level
9 - 2.4.13 Earth fault factor
9 - 2.5 PROTECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS.
9 - 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF TESTS.
9 - 2.6.1 Type tests
9 - 2.6.2 Routine tests
9 - 2.6.3 Acceptance tests
10 - SECTION 3. RATING AND MARKING
10 - 3.1 RATED ARRESTER VOLTAGE.
10 - 3.2 RATED CONTINUOUS OPERATING VOLTAGE
10 - 3.3 RATED FREQUENCY.
10 - 3.4 NOMINAL DISCHARGE CURRENT.
10 - 3.5 MARKING.
11 - SECTION 4. ARRESTER CLASSIFICATION AND TEST REQUIREMENTS
11 - 4.1 ARRESTER CLASSIFICATION.
11 - 4.2 TEST SAMPLES AND MEASUREMENTS.
11 - 4.3 TYPE TESTS.
11 - 4.4 ADDITIONAL TYPE TESTS.
11 - 4.5 ROUTINE TESTS.
11 - 4.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTS.
13 - SECTION 5. TESTS AND TEST PROCEDURES
13 - 5.1 POWER-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE TESTS.
13 - 5.1.1 General.
13 - 5.1.2 Power-frequency sparkover voltage tests (Test (a)).
13 - 5.2 IMPULSE-VOLTAGE TESTS.
13 - 5.2.1 General.
13 - 5.2.2 Standard lightning-impulse sparkover voltage test
14 - 5.2.3 Lightning-impulse sparkover voltage/time curve test
14 - 5.2.4 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage test
14 - 5.2.5 Switching-impulse sparkover voltage/time curve test
15 - 5.3 RESIDUAL-VOLTAGE TEST (TEST (f)).
15 - 5.3.1 General.
16 - 5.3.2 Test procedure.
16 - 5.4 IMPULSE-CURRENT WITHSTAND TESTS.
16 - 5.4.1 General.
16 - 5.4.2 High-current impulse withstand test (Test (g))
17 - 5.4.3 Long-duration current-impulse test (Test (h)).
18 - 5.5 OPERATING-DUTY TEST (TEST (j)).
18 - 5.5.1 General.
19 - 5.5.2 Test procedure.
19 - 5.6 CONTINUOUS OPERATING-VOLTAGE (TEST (k)).
19 - 5.6.1 Purpose of test.
19 - 5.6.2 Test specimen.
20 - 5.6.3 Test chamber.
20 - 5.6.4 Test voltage.
20 - 5.6.5 Test procedure.
20 - 5.6.6 Test criteria.
20 - 5.7 PRESSURE-RELIEF TESTS (TEST (I)).
20 - 5.7.1 General.
21 - 5.7.2 High-current pressure-relief tests.
22 - 5.7.3 Low-current pressure-relief tests.
22 - 5.8 ARRESTER-SEAL LEAKAGE-RATE TEST (TEST (m)).
22 - 5.8.1 Application.
22 - 5.8.2 Test procedure.
22 - 5.8.3 Maximum leakage rates.
22 - 5.9 ACCELERATED AGEING TEST FOR ELASTOMERIC SEALS (TEST (n)).
22 - 5.9.1 General.
22 - 5.9.2 Verification of seal integrity.
22 - 5.9.3 Thermal cycling test.
23 - 5.9.4 Evaluation of results and test report.
23 - 5.10 TEST FOR RESISTANCE OF ARRESTER SEALS TO DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVER TIGHTENING OF TERMINALS (TEST (o)).
23 - 5.10.1 General.
23 - 5.10.2 Test procedure.
23 - 5.10.3 Evaluation of results and test report.
23 - 5.11 TESTS ON ARRESTER DISCONNECTOR (TEST (p)).
23 - 5.11.1 General.
23 - 5.11.2 Impulse-current and operating-duty withstand tests
24 - 5.11.3 Time current curve test.
24 - 5.11.4 Operation test.
25 - APPENDIX A - SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONS
26 - APPENDIX B - INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY PURCHASER WITH ENQUIRY AND ORDER
26 - B1 GENERAL.
26 - B2 SPECIAL CONDITIONS.
27 - APPENDIX C - APPLICATION GUIDE FOR SILICON CARBIDE TYPE ARRESTERS
27 - C1 SCOPE AND OBJECT.
27 - C2 CHARACTERISTIC DATA ON SURGE ARRESTERS.
27 - C2.1 General.
27 - C2.2 Rated voltage.
27 - C2.3 Continuous operating voltage.
28 - C2.4 Protective level of a surge arrester.
28 - C2.5 Nominal discharge current.
28 - C2.6 Long-duration discharge class.
28 - C2.7 Pressure-relief class and type.
28 - C2.8 Pollution withstand capability.
28 - C2.9 Live washing capability.
28 - C3 GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR SELECTION OF SURGE ARRESTERS.
29 - C4 BASIS FOR SELECTION OF SURGE ARRESTERS.
29 - C4.1 Rated voltage of phase-to-earth arresters.
36 - C4.2 Lightning-discharge current.
37 - C4.3 Withstand strength of the insulation to be protected.
37 - C4.4 Long duration discharge capability.
38 - C4.5 High current pressure-relief performance.
38 - C4.6 Insulation coordination.
38 - C5 SURGE ARRESTERS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATION.
38 - C5.1 Surge arresters for isolated and resonant earthed transformer neutrals.
39 - C5.2 Surge arresters between phases.
39 - C5.3 Surge arresters for cable systems.
40 - C5.4 Surge arresters for rotating machines.
40 - C5.5 Further special application of surge arresters.
41 - C6 CONNECTION OF THE SURGE ARRESTER TO THE TEST OBJECT.
41 - C6.1 General.
42 - C6.2 High voltage connection
42 - C6.3 Earth connection
42 - C7 PROTECTIVE RANGE.
42 - C7.1 General.
42 - C7.2 Probabilistic determination of the protective range.
42 - C7.3 Simplified determination of the protective range.
43 - C8 SUPERVISION AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
43 - C8.1 Supervision (monitoring).
43 - C8.2 Diagnostic tests.
43 - C9 SURGE ARRESTERS FOR A.C. SYSTEMS UP TO 1000 V.
43 - C9.1 General.
43 - C9.2 Earthing.
44 - C9.3 Protection.
44 - C9.4 Supervision.
45 - APPENDIX D - IMPULSE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WAVESHAPES
48 - APPENDIX E - MEASUREMENT OF LEAKAGE CURRENT
49 - APPENDIX F - TYPICAL CIRCUIT FOR THE OPERATING-DUTY TEST (CLAUSE 5.5)
49 - F1 INTRODUCTION.
49 - F2 TEST PROCEDURE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION.
51 - APPENDIX G - TYPICAL CIRCUIT FOR A DISTRIBUTED-CONSTANT IMPULSE GENERATOR FOR THE LONG- DURATION CURRENT- IMPULSE WITHSTAND T
52 - APPENDIX H - PROPOSALS FOR THE ARTIFICIAL- POLLUTION TESTING OF SURGE ARRESTERS
52 - H1 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES.
52 - H2 PROPOSED TEST METHOD AND PROCEDURE.
57 - APPENDIX J - ITEMS SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PURCHASER AND THE MANUFACTURER
58 - ANNEX - SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVIATIONS BETWEEN THIS STANDARD AND IEC 99- 1 AND 99- 1A

Specifies service conditions and performance requirements for surge arresters (diverters) of the non-linear silicon carbide resistor type with single or multiple series spark gaps and which are designed for repeated operation to limit voltage surges in 50 Hz a.c. circuits. Sections include definitions, rating and marking, arrester classification and test requirements, tests and test procedures. Appendices cover special service conditions, information to be provided by the purchaser, application guide, impulse voltage and current wave shapes, measurement of leakage, typical test circuits, artificial pollution testing and items subject to agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.

This standard specifies requirements for non-linear silicon carbide resistor gap type surge arresters (diverters) designed for repeated operation to limit voltage surges on a.c. power circuits and to interrupt power follow-current. In particular, for use on high voltage a.c. power circuits, it applies to surge arresters consisting of single or multiple spark gaps in series with one or more silicon carbide type nonlinear resistors.It does not specify requirements for non-linear metal-oxide type surge arresters; requirements for such arresters are specified in AS 1307.2.