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    AS 4991-2004

    Current The latest, up-to-date edition.

    Lifting devices

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF 1 User, PDF 3 Users, PDF 5 Users, PDF 9 Users

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  06-05-2004

    Publisher:  Standards Australia

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1 - AS 4991-2004 LIFTING DEVICES
    4 - PREFACE
    5 - CONTENTS
    8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
    8 - 1.1 SCOPE
    8 - 1.2 LOAD DESIGNATIONS
    8 - 1.3 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
    8 - 1.4 INTERPRETATIONS
    8 - 1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    8 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
    9 - 1.6.1 Bins
    9 - 1.6.2 C-hooks
    9 - 1.6.3 Cam
    9 - 1.6.4 Capacity
    9 - 1.6.5 Clamps
    9 - 1.6.6 Girder clamps
    9 - 1.6.7 Gross load
    9 - 1.6.8 Ladle handling equipment
    9 - 1.6.9 Ladles
    9 - 1.6.10 Lifting beams
    9 - 1.6.11 Mobile equipment lifting attachment
    10 - 1.6.12 Lifting forks
    10 - 1.6.13 Lifting magnets
    10 - 1.6.14 Pad
    10 - 1.6.15 Payload
    10 - 1.6.16 Plate clamps
    10 - 1.6.17 Rated capacity
    10 - 1.6.18 Tare mass
    10 - 1.6.19 Tongs
    10 - 1.6.20 Two-action control
    11 - 1.6.21 Vacuum lifters
    11 - 1.6.22 Working load limit (WLL)
    12 - SECTION 2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
    12 - 2.1 GENERAL
    12 - 2.2 LIFTING DUTY
    12 - 2.2.1 Duty-specific application
    12 - 2.2.2 Duty-general application
    12 - 2.2.3 Hazardous and dangerous goods handling (including molten metal)
    12 - 2.3 ATTACHMENT TO THE CRANE
    13 - 2.4 ERGONOMICS
    13 - 2.5 HANDLES
    13 - 2.6 MULTIPLE LOAD ATTACHMENT POINTS
    13 - 2.7 SAFETY MECHANISMS
    13 - 2.8 RISK ASSESSMENT
    14 - SECTION 3 GRIPPING DEVICES
    14 - 3.1 GENERAL
    14 - 3.2 DESIGN
    14 - 3.2.1 Design factor
    14 - 3.2.2 Unintentional release
    14 - 3.2.3 Loss of pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    14 - 3.2.4 Multiple gripping devices
    14 - 3.2.5 Self-latching gripping device
    15 - 3.2.6 Connection to the crane
    15 - 3.3 PLATE CLAMPS AND CLAMPS
    15 - 3.3.1 Design
    15 - 3.3.2 Testing
    15 - 3.3.3 Markings
    16 - 3.3.4 Information to be supplied with plate clamps
    16 - 3.3.5 Maintenance, inspection and repair
    16 - 3.3.6 Care and use
    16 - 3.4 GIRDER CLAMPS
    16 - 3.4.1 Design
    16 - 3.4.2 Testing and verification requirements
    17 - 3.4.3 Maintenance, inspection and repairs
    17 - 3.4.4 Care and use
    17 - 3.5 TONGS
    18 - SECTION 4 BINS
    18 - 4.1 DESIGN
    18 - 4.1.1 General
    18 - 4.1.2 Volume
    18 - 4.1.3 Bin discharge
    18 - 4.1.4 Baffling
    18 - 4.2 SET DOWN
    18 - 4.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
    18 - 4.4 MARKING
    19 - 4.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH BINS
    19 - 4.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    19 - 4.7 CARE AND USE
    20 - SECTION 5 VACUUM LIFTING DEVICES
    20 - 5.1 GENERAL
    20 - 5.2 VACUUM SYSTEMS
    20 - 5.2.1 Design factor
    20 - 5.2.2 Vacuum hoses and lifting tubes
    20 - 5.2.3 Structure of the vacuum lifter
    20 - 5.3 VACUUM INDICATORS
    20 - 5.3.1 General
    20 - 5.3.2 Non-self-priming vacuum lifters
    21 - 5.3.3 Self-priming vacuum lifters
    21 - 5.4 VACUUM LOSS CONTROL AND MONITORING
    21 - 5.5 DESIGN FOR USE IN PROXIMITY TO PEOPLE
    21 - 5.6 TESTING
    22 - 5.7 VACUUM LIFTER MARKINGS
    22 - 5.8 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH VACUUM LIFTERS
    22 - 5.9 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    22 - 5.10 CARE AND USE
    23 - SECTION 6 LIFTING MAGNETS
    23 - 6.1 GENERAL
    23 - 6.2 ALL TYPES
    23 - 6.2.1 Load control
    23 - 6.2.2 Application of magnets
    23 - 6.2.3 Magnet-load matching
    23 - 6.2.4 Rated capacity
    24 - 6.2.5 Variable power supply
    24 - 6.2.6 Magnet controllers
    24 - 6.2.7 Magnet circuits
    25 - 6.2.8 Magnet cables
    25 - 6.2.9 Magnet power supply couplings
    25 - 6.3 BATTERY-POWERED LIFTING MAGNETS
    25 - 6.3.1 Design factor
    25 - 6.3.2 Battery-low warning
    25 - 6.3.3 Unsafe start-up prevention
    25 - 6.3.4 Magnet state indicator
    26 - 6.4 MAINS-POWERED LIFTING MAGNETS
    26 - 6.4.1 General
    26 - 6.4.2 Rectifiers
    26 - 6.5 PERMANENT LIFTING MAGNETS
    26 - 6.5.1 General
    26 - 6.5.2 Tear-off force
    26 - 6.5.3 Magnetic state indicator
    26 - 6.5.4 Control safety
    27 - 6.6 ELECTRO-PERMANENT LIFTING MAGNETS
    27 - 6.6.1 Design factor
    27 - 6.6.2 Magnetic state indicator
    27 - 6.7 ASSOCIATED STANDARDS
    27 - 6.8 MARKING
    27 - 6.9 MAGNET TESTING
    27 - 6.10 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
    27 - 6.11 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    27 - 6.12 CARE AND USE
    28 - SECTION 7 C-HOOKS
    28 - 7.1 GENERAL
    28 - 7.2 DESIGN
    28 - 7.2.1 Load stability
    28 - 7.2.2 Load security
    28 - 7.2.3 Protection
    28 - 7.2.4 Storage
    28 - 7.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
    28 - 7.4 MARKING
    28 - 7.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
    28 - 7.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    28 - 7.7 CARE AND USE
    30 - SECTION 8 LIFTING FORKS
    30 - 8.1 GENERAL
    30 - 8.2 DESIGN
    30 - 8.2.1 General
    30 - 8.2.2 Load stability
    30 - 8.2.3 Load security
    30 - 8.2.4 Storage
    30 - 8.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
    30 - 8.4 MARKING
    30 - 8.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
    30 - 8.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    30 - 8.7 CARE AND USE
    32 - SECTION 9 LIFTING BEAMS
    32 - 9.1 GENERAL
    32 - 9.2 DESIGN
    32 - 9.2.1 Stability
    32 - 9.2.2 Adjustable beams/attachments
    32 - 9.2.3 Beams with mechanical devices
    32 - 9.3 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
    32 - 9.4 MARKING
    32 - 9.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
    32 - 9.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    33 - 9.7 CARE AND USE
    34 - SECTION 10 LADLE HANDLING EQUIPMENT
    34 - 10.1 GENERAL
    34 - 10.2 CONTROL OF TILTING
    34 - 10.2.1 General
    34 - 10.2.2 Self°contained tilting mechanisms
    34 - 10.3 MEASURES AGAINST DETACHMENT OF THE HANGERS
    34 - 10.4 TEMPERATURE
    34 - 10.5 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
    34 - 10.6 MARKING
    34 - 10.7 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
    35 - 10.8 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    35 - 10.9 CARE AND USE
    36 - SECTION 11 BULK MATERIAL GRABS
    36 - 11.1 GENERAL
    36 - 11.2 DESIGN
    36 - 11.3 TESTING
    36 - 11.4 MARKING
    36 - 11.5 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED
    36 - 11.6 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    36 - 11.7 CARE AND USE
    37 - SECTION 12 TESTING AND VERIFICATION
    37 - 12.1 GENERAL
    37 - 12.2 PROOF LOADING
    37 - 12.2.1 General application lifting devices
    37 - 12.2.2 Specific application lifting devices
    37 - 12.2.3 Acceptance criteria
    37 - 12.3 ALTERNATIVE VERIFICATION
    39 - SECTION 13 EQUIPMENT MARKINGS
    39 - 13.1 MINIMUM MARKING
    39 - 13.2 ADDITIONAL MARKING
    39 - 13.2.1 General
    39 - 13.2.2 Specific applications
    40 - SECTION 14 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH LIFTING DEVICES
    40 - 14.1 INFORMATION-GENERAL
    40 - 14.2 INFORMATION-SPECIFIC
    41 - 14.3 GUIDANCE FOR MAINTENANCE
    41 - 14.4 VERIFICATIONS AND INSPECTIONS
    42 - SECTION 15 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR
    42 - 15.1 INSPECTIONS
    42 - 15.1.1 General
    42 - 15.1.2 In-service
    42 - 15.1.3 Periodic
    42 - 15.1.4 Defects requiring withdrawal from service
    43 - 15.2 REPAIR
    44 - SECTION 16 CARE AND USE
    44 - 16.1 OPERATION NEAR PERSONNEL
    44 - 16.2 INSPECTION
    44 - 16.3 DISPOSAL
    45 - APPENDIX A - REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    46 - APPENDIX B - EXAMPLES OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT
    46 - B1 LOAD SUSPENDING MEANS AND LOAD CARRYING MEANS
    46 - B1.1 Lifting hooks
    48 - B1.2 Adhesion appliances
    49 - B1.3 Clamps
    51 - B1.4 Tongs
    55 - B1.5 Container harness (spreader)
    55 - B1.6 Lifting and spreader beams
    58 - B1.7 Suspension gear and pendants
    60 - B1.8 Pallet lifters
    61 - B2 LIFTING DEVICES FOR BULK GOODS AND BULK MATERIALS
    61 - B2.1 Grabs
    62 - B2.2 Bins
    64 - APPENDIX C - REPAIR WORK
    64 - C1 GENERAL
    64 - C2 ASSESSMENT FOR REPAIR PROCEDURE
    64 - C3 ALTERNATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS
    64 - C3.1 Competent person™s report
    65 - C3.2 Management of repairs
    65 - C4 REPAIR WORK
    66 - C5 WELDING REPAIR EXAMINATION

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Specifies requirements for lifting devices able to be connected to a crane hook including spreader beams, magnet lifters, vacuum lifters and friction lifters.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    This Standard specifies general requirements for the design, testing, marking and correct care and use of lifting devices that can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device on a crane, hoist or winch, as defined in AS 2549, without affecting its integrity. This Standard does not cover lifting equipment such as slings, lifting gear, workboxes and items covered by other Australian Standards.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee ME-005
    Document Type Standard
    Product Note Pending Revision indicates that as a result of the Aged Standards review process, the document needs updating. If no project proposal, meeting the quality criteria, is received within the 12 month timeframe, the document shall be withdrawn.
    Publisher Standards Australia
    Status Current
    Supersedes

    History - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    First published as AS 4991-2004.

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS 1418.3-1997 Cranes, hoists and winches Bridge, gantry, portal (including container cranes) and jib cranes (Reconfirmed 2016)
    AS 1418.17-1996 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Design and construction of workboxes (Reconfirmed 2016)
    AS/NZS 1554.5:2004 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading
    AS 1418.16-1997 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Mast climbing work platforms
    AS 1418.12-1991 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Crane collector systems (Reconfirmed 2016)
    AS/NZS 3000:2000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
    AS 1418.10-1996 Cranes (including hoists and winches) - Elevating work platforms
    AS 1418.14-1996 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Requirements for cranes subject to arduous working conditions
    AS/NZS 1554.6:1994 Structural steel welding - Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
    AS 4044-1992 Battery chargers for stationary batteries
    AS 1418.2-1997 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Serial hoists and winches
    AS/NZS 1554.1:2004 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures
    AS 1418.15-1994 Cranes (including hoists and winches) - Concrete placing equipment
    AS 1418.18-2001 Cranes, hoists and winches Crane runways and monorails
    AS 3990-1993 Mechanical equipment - Steelwork (Reconfirmed 2016)
    AS 60529-2004 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (Reconfirmed 2018)
    AS/NZS 4251.2:1999 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Generic emission standard Industrial environments
    AS 1418.1-2002 Cranes, hoists and winches General requirements
    AS 1418.5-2002 Cranes, hoists and winches - Mobile cranes
    AS 1418.8-2002 Cranes, hoists and winches - Special purpose appliances
    AS/NZS 1554.3:2002 Structural steel welding - Welding of reinforcing steel
    AS 2550.1-2002 Cranes, hoists and winches - Safe use - General requirements
    AS/NZS 4251.1:1999 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Generic emission standard Residential, commercial and light industry
    AS 2676.2-1992 Guide to the installation, maintenance, testing and replacement of secondary batteries in buildings - Sealed cells
    AS/NZS 4252.1:1994 Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard - Residential, commercial and light industry
    AS 1418.4-2004 Cranes, hoists and winches Tower cranes
    AS 3947.1-1993 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear General rules
    AS ISO/IEC 17025-1999 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
    AS/NZS 4360:1999 Risk management
    AS 3011.2-1992 Electrical installations - Secondary batteries installed in buildings Sealed cells
    AS 2676.1-1992 Guide to the installation, maintenance, testing and replacement of secondary batteries in buildings - Vented cells
    AS 2193-2002 Calibration and classification of force-measuring systems
    AS 1418.7-1999 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Builders hoists and associated equipment
    AS/NZS 3108:1994 Approval and test specification - Particular requirements for isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers
    AS 1418.9-1987 Cranes (including hoists and winches) (known as the SAA Crane Code) - Vehicle hoists
    AS 2549-1996 Cranes (including hoists and winches) - Glossary of terms
    AS 1418.6-1988 Cranes (including hoists and winches) (known as the SAA Crane Code) - Guided storing and retrieving appliances
    AS/NZS 1554.4:2004 Structural steel welding - Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels
    AS/NZS 3100:2002 Approval and test specification - General requirements for electrical equipment
    AS 1418.13-1996 Cranes (including hoists and winches) Building maintenance units
    AS/NZS 1554.2:2003 Structural steel welding Stud welding (steel studs to steel)

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS 2550.1-2011 Cranes, hoists and winches - Safe use General requirements
    AS 4497:2018 Roundslings - Synthetic Fibre
    AS 3585-2008 End fittings for synthetic flat-webbing and round slings (Reconfirmed 2019)
    AS 1666.2-2009 Wire-rope slings Care and use (Reconfirmed 2019)
    AS 3777-2008 Shank hooks and large eye hooks - Maximum 60 t (Reconfirmed 2019)
    AS 1666.1-2009 Wire-rope slings Product specification (Reconfirmed 2019)
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