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    AS/NZS 2312:1994

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    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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    Guide to the protection of iron and steel against exterior atmospheric corrosion

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF 1 User, PDF 3 Users, PDF 5 Users, PDF 9 Users

    Superseded date:  30-06-2017

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  01-01-1994

    Publisher:  Standards Australia

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1 - AS/NZS 2312:1994 GUIDE TO THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL AGAINST EXTERIOR ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION
    4 - PREFACE
    5 - CONTENTS
    8 - FOREWORD
    9 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
    9 - 1.1 SCOPE
    9 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    12 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
    12 - 1.4 DESIGNATION OF PROTECTION SYSTEMS
    13 - SECTION 2 ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTS
    13 - 2.1 GENERAL
    13 - 2.2 ATMOSPHERIC CLASSIFICATIONS (APPLICABLE TO STEEL)
    15 - SECTION 3 CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEMS
    15 - 3.1 GENERAL
    15 - 3.2 RECOMMENDED COATING SYSTEMS
    17 - SECTION 4 PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
    17 - 4.1 GENERAL
    17 - 4.2 PLANNING
    18 - 4.3 DESIGN
    18 - 4.3.1 General
    19 - 4.3.2 Exposure environment
    19 - 4.3.3 Materials of construction
    21 - 4.3.4 Major design considerations
    22 - 4.3.5 General design considerations
    31 - SECTION 5 SURFACE PREPARATION TREATMENTS
    31 - 5.1 GENERAL
    31 - 5.2 CLEANING WITH SOLVENTS OR ALKALINE SOLUTIONS
    32 - 5.3 CLEANING AND PREPARATION USING ACID SOLUTIONS (NON-IMMERSION)
    32 - 5.4 ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING
    33 - 5.5 PICKLING
    33 - 5.6 PHOSPHATE CONVERSION COATINGS
    34 - 5.7 FLAME CLEANING
    34 - 5.8 POWER TOOL CLEANING
    35 - 5.9 HAND TOOL CLEANING
    35 - 5.10 THE REMOVALOF SOLUBLE SALTS
    35 - 5.11 THE PROTECTION OF STEEL DURING EXTENDED FABRICATION
    36 - 5.12 RUST CONVERSION
    37 - SECTION 6 METALLIC COATINGS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
    37 - 6.1 GENERAL
    37 - 6.2 HOT-DIP GALVANIZED COATINGS
    37 - 6.2.1 General
    37 - 6.2.2 Bath sizes
    37 - 6.2.3 Design for galvanizing
    38 - 6.2.4 Galvanizing process
    38 - 6.2.5 Application
    39 - 6.2.6 Designations for galvanized coating systems
    39 - 6.3 METAL SPRAY COATINGS
    39 - 6.3.1 General
    39 - 6.3.2 Application
    39 - 6.3.3 Sealing
    39 - 6.3.4 Composite metal spray / sealer / paint systems
    40 - 6.3.5 Designations for metal sprayed and composite coating systems
    40 - 6.4 ELECTROPLATED COATINGS
    41 - 6.5 THE USE OF ROOFING AND CLADDING MATERIALS
    42 - SECTION 7 COATING SYSTEMS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
    42 - 7.1 GENERAL
    42 - 7.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
    43 - 7.3 COATING SYSTEM DETAILS
    43 - 7.4 SELECTION OFCOLOUR
    44 - 7.5 HEAT-RESISTING COATINGS
    44 - 7.6 POWDER COATINGS
    44 - 7.7 PAINTING STAINLESS STEEL
    57 - SECTION 8 PAINTING AND PAINT APPLICATION METHODS
    57 - 8.1 GENERAL
    57 - 8.2 TYPE OF PAINT
    57 - 8.2.1 General
    57 - 8.2.2 Mixing and thinning
    57 - 8.3 TYPE AND CONDITION OF THE SUBSTRATE
    57 - 8.4 ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
    58 - 8.5 SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
    58 - 8.6 METHODS OF APPLICATION
    58 - 8.6.1 Spray methods
    59 - 8.6.2 Brush application
    59 - 8.6.3 Roller application
    59 - 8.7 STANDARD OF WORKMANSHIP
    60 - 8.8 TIME REQUIREMENTS
    60 - 8.8.1 Cleaned surfaces
    60 - 8.8.2 Period between coats
    60 - 8.8.3 Effects of delays during painting
    60 - 8.8.4 Drying time before handling
    60 - 8.9 PAINT SPREADING RATE AND THICKNESS
    61 - 8.10 PAINT STORAGE
    61 - 8.10.1 General
    61 - 8.10.2 Shelf life
    61 - 8.10.3 Pot life
    61 - 8.10.4 Straining
    63 - SECTION 9 WRAPPING TAPES FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
    63 - 9.1 GENERAL
    63 - 9.2 TAPE SYSTEMS
    64 - SECTION 10 MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS
    64 - 10.1 GENERAL
    64 - 10.2 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING WHEN TO PAINT OR REPAIR
    65 - 10.3 PRETREATMENT BEFORE REPAINTING
    65 - 10.3.1 General
    65 - 10.3.2 Condition of existing coating system
    65 - 10.3.3 Surface contamination
    65 - 10.3.4 Environmental protection
    66 - 10.3.5 Methods
    68 - 10.4 REPAINTING
    68 - 10.4.1 General
    69 - 10.4.2 Procedure
    69 - 10.4.3 Records
    70 - 10.5 REPAIRS AND REPAINTING OF WELDED STRUCTURES
    71 - SECTION 11 INSPECTION AND TESTING
    71 - 11.1 SCOPE
    71 - 11.2 AUTHORITY
    71 - 11.3 PRELIMINARY DISCUSSIONS
    72 - 11.4 DUTIES OF INSPECTORS
    72 - 11.4.1 Inspection of paint coatings
    74 - 11.4.2 Inspection of metallic coatings
    74 - 11.5 FINAL INSPECTION
    74 - 11.6 RECORDS AND INSPECTION REPORT
    74 - 11.7 GUIDANCE ON THE USE OF THICKNESS GAUGES
    74 - 11.7.1 Dry film thickness gauges - non-destructive
    74 - 11.7.2 Dry film thickness gauges - destructive
    75 - SECTION 12 PREPARATION OF COATING SPECIFICATIONS
    75 - 12.1 GENERAL
    75 - 12.2 CONTENT OF A SPECIFICATION
    75 - 12.2.1 Scope of work
    75 - 12.2.2 Surface preparation
    76 - 12.2.3 Coating system
    76 - 12.2.4 Coating materials - detailed stipulations
    77 - 12.2.5 Application of coatings
    77 - 12.2.6 Transport arrangements
    78 - 12.2.7 Repair of welds and damaged areas
    78 - 12.2.8 Inspection procedure requirements
    79 - 12.2.9 Warranties
    80 - SECTION 13 HEALTH AND SAFETY
    80 - 13.1 GENERAL
    80 - 13.2 THE PAINTED SURFACE
    80 - 13.3 FLAMMABILITY
    80 - 13.4 EYE PROTECTION
    80 - 13.5 RESPIRATORS
    80 - 13.6 NOISE
    80 - 13.7 HANDLING
    81 - 13.8 WORKING IN A CONFINED SPACE
    81 - 13.9 SURFACE PREPARATION
    81 - 13.10 APPLICATION OF PAINT
    82 - 13.11 STORAGE OF PAINT
    82 - 13.12 WELDING
    82 - 13.13 BURNING OF PAINTED SURFACES
    83 - APPENDIX A - GUIDANCE ON THE USE OF THIS STANDARD
    83 - A1 GENERAL
    83 - A2 CHECK LIST FOR THE COATING OF NEW STRUCTURES
    85 - A3 CHECK LIST FOR THE MAINTENANCE PAINTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
    86 - A4 EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF THIS STANDARD
    88 - APPENDIX B - ADVICE ON ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION OF STEEL IN AUSTRALASIAN CLIMATES
    92 - APPENDIX C - DESCRIPTION OF PAINT TYPES
    92 - C1 SCOPE
    99 - APPENDIX D - ECONOMICS OF CORROSION PROTECTION
    99 - D1 GENERAL
    99 - D2 INITIAL COSTS AND ECONOMICS OF PROTECTIVE TREATMENTS
    99 - D2.1 Surface preparation
    100 - D2.2 Paint application
    100 - D2.3 Galvanizing
    100 - D2.4 Inspection
    100 - D2.5 Paint coverage
    103 - D3 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE TREATMENTS
    103 - D3.1 General
    103 - D3.2 A simple method of economic evaluation
    103 - D3.3 Present-value method
    104 - D3.4 Equivalent-annual-cost method
    104 - D3.5 Final evaluation

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Gives general and specific information on coating systems for the short-, medium-, and long-term protection of structural steelwork. The following aspects are covered in detail: atmospheric environments, planning and design, surface preparation treatments, metallic and paint coatings, maintenance of coating systems, inspection and testing, and preparation of coating specifications. The Standard contains comprehensive details of modern paint systems, including properties and typical applications, and gives advice on the selection of appropriate coating systems.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    This Standard provides guidelines for the selection and specification of coating systems for the protection of iron and steel against exterior atmospheric corrosion. The Standard specifically covers the following subjects:(a) Guidance on the use of the Standard.(b) Atmospheric environments and their classification.(c) Corrosion protection system options.(d) Planning and design for corrosion protection.(e) Surface preparation treatments.(f) Metallic coatings.(g) Paint coating systems and methods of paint application.(h) Wrapping tapes for corrosion protection.(i) Maintenance of protective coating systems.(j) Inspection and testing.(k) Guidance on the preparation of coating specifications.(l) Health and safety requirements.(m) Economics of corrosion protection.This Standard covers the protection of structural steelwork against exterior atmospheric corrosion and also the protection of items of equipment manufactured from steel which are exposed to exterior atmospheric conditions.The Standard does not apply to the protection of steelwork which is completely immersed in water or soil, or which is subject to atmospheres severely contaminated with acidic or other chemical vapours such as may be encountered in some chemical manufacturing plants, or to the protection of ships. Protective systems for such exposures may require additional systems dependent upon the nature of the environment.The systems recommended in this Standard can also be used on internal structures where wet or damp areas exist. Where internal steel structures are to be painted for aesthetic reasons, and the environment is not aggressive, reference should be made to AS 2311 or NZS 7703 for appropriate painting systems.NOTE: Guidance on the use of this Standard is given in Appendix A.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee MT-014
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher Standards Australia
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    History - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Under Revision see DR 00258 First published in Australia as AS 2312-1980.Second edition 1984.Jointly revised and designated as Joint Standard AS/NZS 2312:1994. First published in Australia as AS 2312-1980. Second edition 1984. Jointly revised and designated as Joint Standard AS/NZS 2312:1994.

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS 3000-1986 Electrical installations - Buildings, structures and premises (known as the SAA Wiring Rules)
    AS 4100-1990 Steel structures
    AS 2105-1992 Inorganic zinc silicate paint
    AS 2673-1983 Paints for steel structures - Alkyd/micaceous iron oxide
    AS 1580.408.4-1993 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Adhesion (cross-cut)
    AS 3679.2-1991 Structural steel - Welded sections
    AS 2364-1990 Paints for steel structures - High-build epoxy (two-pack)
    AS 3678-1990 Structural steel - Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs
    AS 1594-1989 Hot-rolled steel flat products
    AS 1790-1984 Electroplated coatings - Cadmium on iron or steel
    AS 1580.408.2-1993 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Adhesion - Knife test
    AS 2865-1995 Safe working in a confined space
    AS 1210-1989 Unfired Pressure Vessels (known as the SAA Unfired Pressure Vessels Code)
    AS 1627.7-1988 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Hand tool cleaning of metal surfaces
    AS 2603-1983 Paints for steel structures - Full gloss epoxy (two-pack)
    AS 1269-1989 Acoustics - Hearing conservation
    AS 3894.4-1993 Site testing of protective coatings - Assessment of degree of cure
    AS 2310-1980 Glossary of paint and painting terms
    AS 1897-1976 Electroplated coatings on threaded components (metric coarse series)
    AS 1318-1985 Use of colour for the marking of physical hazards and the identification of certain equipment in industry (known as the SAA Industrial Safety Colour Code)
    AS 1627.5-1994 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Pickling, descaling and oxide removal
    AS 1336-1982 Recommended practices for eye protection in the industrial environment
    AS 2728-1984 Prepainted and organic film/metal laminate products - Performance requirements for interior/exterior applications in buildings
    AS 3886-1991 Paints for steel structures - Vinyl paint - High-build
    AS 4036-1992 Corrosion of metal - Dissimilar metals in contact in seawater
    AS 2674-1983 Paints for steel structures - Epoxy primer (two-pack)
    AS 2837-1986 Wrought alloy steels - Stainless steel bars and semi-finished products
    AS 3597-1993 Structural and pressure vessel steel - Quenched and tempered plate
    AS 1715-1982 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective devices
    AS 3679.1-1990 Structural steel - Hot-rolled bars and sections
    AS 3894.10-1993 Site testing of protective coatings Inspection report - Daily
    AS 2832.1-1985 Guide to the cathodic protection of metals - Pipes, cables and ducts
    AS 1789-1984 Electroplated coatings - Zinc on iron or steel
    AS 1580.108.2-1993 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Dry film thickness - Paint inspection gauge
    AS 1716-1984 Respiratory protective devices
    AS 4025.1-1992 Paints for equipment including ships Solvent-borne - Interior and exterior - Full gloss enamel
    AS 3884-1991 Etch primers (single pack and two-pack) for pretreating metal surfaces
    AS 2672-1983 Paints for steel structures - Chlorinated rubber, high build
    AS 1627.2-1989 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Power tool cleaning
    AS 3600-1994 Concrete structures
    AS 2700-1996 Colour Standards for general purposes - Swatches
    AS 3885-1991 Paints for steel structures - Galvanized and zinc primed - Latex
    AS 2602-1983 Paints for steel structures - Full gloss polyurethane (two-pack)
    AS 3887-1991 Paints for steel structures - Coal tar epoxy (two-pack)
    AS 1627.6-1994 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Chemical conversion treatment of metals
    AS 1627.9-1989 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Pictorial surface preparation standards for painting steel surfaces
    AS 1627.4-1989 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of sufaces - Abrasive blast cleaning
    AS 1319-1994 Safety signs for the occupational environment (Reconfirmed 2018)
    AS 2311-1992 The painting of buildings
    AS 1627.1-1989 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Cleaning using liquid solvents and alkaline solutions
    AS 1627.3-1988 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces - Flame descaling
    AS 1595-1981 Cold-rolled unalloyed low carbon steel sheet and strip
    AS 1580.102.1-1992 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Sampling procedure
    AS 3894.12-1993 Site testing of protective coatings Inspection report - Coating
    AS 3730.14-1991 Guide to the properties of paints for buildings Undercoat - Solvent-borne - Interior/exterior
    AS 1445-1986 Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated steel sheet - 76 mm pitch corrugated
    AS 3894.3-1993 Site testing of protective coatings - Determination of dry film thickness
    AS 1580.481.0-1991 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Coatings - Guide to assessing paint systems exposed to weathering conditions
    AS 1650-1989 Hot-dipped galvanized coatings on ferrous articles
    AS 1627.0-1997 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces Method selection guide (Reconfirmed 2017)
    AS 2990-1987 Quality systems for engineering and construction projects
    AS 4089-1993 Priming paint for steel - Single component - General purpose
    AS 1345-1995 Identification of the contents of pipes, conduits and ducts (Reconfirmed 2018)
    AS 1791-1986 Chromate conversion coatings - Zinc and cadmium
    AS/NZS 1338.1:1992 Filters for eye protectors Filters for protection against radiation generated in welding and allied operations
    AS 1397-1993 Steel sheet and strip - Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated
    AS 1627.10-1980 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of metal surfaces prior to protective coating - Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces using acid solutions (non-immersion)
    AS 1270-1988 Acoustics - Hearing protectors
    AS 1580.481.1.9-1991 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Coatings - Exposed to weathering - Degree of blistering
    AS 1548-1995 Steel plates for pressure equipment
    AS 3978-1991 Non-destructive testing - Visual inspection of metal products and components
    AS 2204-1978 Zinc-rich organic priming paint
    AS 1449-1994 Wrought alloy steels - Stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip
    AS 1214-1983 Hot-dip galvanized coatings on threaded fasteners (ISO metric coarse thread series)
    AS 3894.11-1993 Site testing of protective coatings - Equipment report
    AS/NZS 1337:1992 Eye protectors for industrial applications

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS/NZS 3750.15:1998 Paints for steel structures Inorganic zinc silicate paint (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 3750.18-2002 Paints for steel structures Moisture cure urethane (single-pack) systems
    AS/NZS 4676:2000 Structural design requirements for utility services poles
    AS/NZS 3894.7:1996 Site testing of protective coatings Determination of surface temperature
    AS 6002-1999 Domestic electric meter enclosures
    AS 4751(INT)-2000 Electrogalvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous open sections
    AS 2159-1995 Piling - Design and installation
    AS 1627.0-1997 Metal finishing - Preparation and pretreatment of surfaces Method selection guide (Reconfirmed 2017)
    AS/NZS 1580.457.1:1996 Paints and related materials - Methods of test Resistance to natural weathering (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS/NZS 4389:1996 Safety mesh
    AS 2423-2002 Coated steel wire fencing products for terrestrial, aquatic and general use (Reconfirmed 2021)
    AS/NZS 4600:1996 Cold-formed steel structures
    AS 4750(INT)-2000 Electrogalvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections
    HB 39-1997 Installation code for metal roof and wall cladding
    AS/NZS 3750.13:1997 Paints for steel structures Epoxy primer (two-pack)
    AS 3700-1998 Masonry structures
    AS/NZS 4740:2000 Natural ventilators - Classification and performance (Reconfirmed 2016)
    AS/NZS 4792:1999 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or a specialized process
    AS/NZS 1892.1:1996 Portable ladders Metal
    AS 3894.7-2002 Site testing of protective coatings Determination of surface temperature (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS/NZS 3750.11:1996 Paints for steel structures - Chlorinated rubber - High-build and gloss
    AS/NZS 3788:1996 Pressure equipment - In-service inspection
    AS 3700-2001 Masonry structures
    AS/NZS 4791:1999 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous open sections, applied by an in-line process
    AS/NZS 2699.3:2000 Built-in components for masonry construction Lintels and shelf angles (durability requirements)
    AS/NZS 2728:1997 Prefinished/prepainted sheet metal products for interior/exterior building applications - Performance requirements
    AS/NZS 3750.14:1997 Paints for steel structures High-build epoxy (two-pack)
    AS 3894.3-2002 Site testing of protective coatings Determination of dry film thickness (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS/NZS 1562.3:1996 Design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding Plastic
    AS/NZS 3750.12:1996 Paints for steel structures Alkyd/micaceous iron oxide (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS/NZS 2699.3:2002 Built-in components for masonry construction Lintels and shelf angles (durability requirements)
    AS/NZS 2699.2:2000 Built-in components for masonry construction Connectors and accessories
    AS/NZS 3500.5:2000 National Plumbing and Drainage - Domestic installations
    AS 1720.1-1997 Timber structures Design methods
    AS 1210-1997 Pressure vessels
    AS/NZS 3750.16:1998 Paints for steel structures Waterborne primer and paint for galvanized, zinc/aluminium alloy-coated and zinc-primed steel (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS/NZS 4534:1998 Zinc and zinc/aluminium-alloy coatings on steel wire
    AS/NZS 2699.1:2000 Built-in components for masonry construction Wall ties
    AS/NZS 2785:2000 Suspended ceilings - Design and installation
    AS/NZS 4680:1999 Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on fabricated ferrous articles
    AS/NZS 2041:1998 Buried corrugated metal structures
    AS/NZS 2311:2000 Guide to the painting of buildings
    AS 3566.2-2002 Self-drilling screws for the building and construction industries - Corrosion resistance requirements
    AS/NZS 3500.3.2:1998 National plumbing and drainage Stormwater drainage - Acceptable solutions
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