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ASTM D 4221 : 2018
Current
The latest, up-to-date edition.
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Standard Test Method for Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soil by Double Hydrometer
Hardcopy , PDF
English
01-01-2018
This test method provides an indication of the natural dispersive characteristics of clay soils by comparing the amount of particles finer than 2-μm as determined by this method compared to the amount of particles finer than 2-μm as determined by Test Method D7928 (1).2 In order to do this comparison, two similar specimens must be obtained from the sample.
Committee |
D 18
|
DocumentType |
Test Method
|
Pages |
5
|
PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
|
Status |
Current
|
Supersedes |
1.1This test method provides an indication of the natural dispersive characteristics of clay soils by comparing the amount of particles finer than 2-μm as determined by this method compared to the amount of particles finer than 2-μm as determined by Test Method D7928 (1).2 In order to do this comparison, two similar specimens must be obtained from the sample.
1.2This test method follows the procedure given in Test Method D7928 with the exception that the soil slurry is not mechanically dispersed and no dispersing agent is added.
1.3This test method is applicable only to soils where the position of the plasticity index versus liquid limit plots (Test Methods D4318) falls on or above the “A” line (Practice D2487) and more than 12 % of the soil fraction is finer than 2-μm as determined in accordance with Test Method D7928 (2).
1.4Since this test method may not identify all dispersive clay soils, other tests such as, pinhole dispersion (Test Methods D4647/D4647M), crumb (Test Methods D6572) (3-5) and the analysis of pore water extraction (Test Methods D4542) (4-7) may be performed individually or used together to help verify dispersion.
1.5Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.6All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6.1The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D 6572 : 2013 : EDT 2 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 4647/D4647M : 2013 | Standard Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test |
ASTM D 2216 : 2005 | Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass |
ASTM D 6572 : 2012 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 2487 : 2017 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 653 : 2007 | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 2216 : 2010 | Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass |
ASTM D 3740 : 2012 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 4318 : 2005 | Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils |
ASTM D 4542 : 2007 | Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer |
ASTM D 7928 : 2021 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis |
ASTM D 3740 : 2023 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 6572 : 2000 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 3740 : 2019 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 3740 : 2004 : REV A : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 2488 : 1969 : R1975 | Recommended Practice for Description Of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) |
ASTM D 3740 : 2008 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 6026 : 2013 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 4542 : 2015 | Standard Test Methods for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer |
ASTM D 4542 : 2022 | Standard Test Methods for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer |
ASTM D 4542 : 1995 | Standard Test Method for Pore Water Extraction and Determination of the Soluble Salt Content of Soils by Refractometer |
ASTM D 6026 : 2006 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 2488 : 2017 | Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures) |
ASTM D 4318 : 2010 | Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils |
ASTM D 6572 : 2013 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 3740 : 1999 : REV C | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 653 : 2024 | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 4318 : 2000 | Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils |
ASTM D 7928 : 2017 | Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis |
ASTM D 6913 : 2004 | Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis |
ASTM D 653 : 2022 | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 6572 : 2020 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 653 : 2020 : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 6026 : 1999 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 3740 : 2011 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 6572 : 2013 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 2488 : 2009 | Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) |
ASTM D 6026 : 2001 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 7928 : 2016 | Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis |
ASTM D 3740 : 2010 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 653 : 2021 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 2216 : 2019 | Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass |
ASTM D 6572 : 2006 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 4318 : 2017 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils |
ASTM D 6913 : 2004 : R2009 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis |
ASTM D 6572 : 2013 : EDT 2 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 6026 : 1996 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 3740 : 2004 : REV A | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 6572 : 2021 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Dispersive Characteristics of Clayey Soils by the Crumb Test |
ASTM D 3740 : 2001 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 2488 : 2000 | Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) |
ASTM D 2487 : 2006 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 653 : 2021 | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 653 : 2021 : REV B | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 4318 : 2010 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils |
ASTM D 7928 : 2016 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis |
ASTM D 7928 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis |
ASTM D 6026 : 1996 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 3740 : 2012 : REV A | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 4318 : 2017 | Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils |
ASTM D 3740 : 2003 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 2487 : 2010 | Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 2216 : 1998 | Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass |
ASTM D 2487 : 2000 | Standard Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 2487 : 2006 | Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 4220/D4220M : 2014 | Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples (Withdrawn 2023) |
ASTM D 6026 : 2021 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Records in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 2216 : 1971 | Standard Method of Laboratory Determination Of Moisture Content Of Soil |
ASTM D 653 : 2024 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids |
ASTM D 6026 : 2001 | Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data |
ASTM D 2487 : 2011 | Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 6913 : 2004 : R2009 | Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis |
ASTM D 2487 : 2017 | Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) |
ASTM D 2488 : 2009 : REV A | Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) |
ASTM D 2488 : 2017 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures) |
ASTM D 2488 : 2006 | Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) |
ASTM D 6913 : 2004 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis |
ASTM D 6913 : 2004 : EDT 2 | Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis |
ASTM D 3740 : 2004 | Standard Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction |
ASTM D 2487 : 1969 : R1975 | Standard Test Method for Classification Of Soils For Engineering Purposes |
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