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ASTM E 2412 : 2010 : R2018
Superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
Hardcopy , PDF
16-11-2023
English
07-06-2018
This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil.
Committee |
D 02
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DocumentType |
Standard Practice
|
Pages |
24
|
PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
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Status |
Superseded
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SupersededBy | |
Supersedes |
1.1This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.
1.2This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1:It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.
1.3Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.
1.4This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.
1.5The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D 7596 : 2023 | Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester |
ASTM D 7686 : 2023 | Standard Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument |
ASTM D 7720 : 2021 | Standard Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment and Oil for Fitness and Contamination |
ASTM D 7417 : 2017 | Standard Test Method for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using Particular Four-Part Integrated Tester (Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Viscosity, and Laser Particle Counter) |
ASTM D 7889 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Field Determination of In-Service Fluid Properties Using IR Spectroscopy |
ASTM D 7418 : 2012 | Standard Practice for Set-Up and Operation of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometers for In-Service Oil Condition Monitoring |
ASTM D 7686 : 2011 | Standard Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) Instrument |
ASTM D 7412 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Phosphate Antiwear Additives in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry |
ASTM D 7720 : 2011 : R2017 | Standard Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment and Oil for Fitness and Contamination |
ASTM D 7415 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Sulfate By-Products in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry |
ASTM D 7596 : 2014 | Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester |
ASTM D 7889 : 2013 | Standard Test Method for Field Determination of In-Service Fluid Properties Using IR Spectroscopy |
ASTM D 7414 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Oxidation in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry |
ASTM D 7844 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry |
ASTM D 4057 : 2019 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM D 2896 : 1998 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 2896 : 2005 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 4057 : 1995 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM E 1421 : 1999 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests |
ASTM E 1421 : 1999 : R2004 | Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests |
ASTM D 5185 : 1997 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM E 131 : 2010 : R2023 | Standard Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy |
ASTM D 4057 : 2012 : R2018 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM E 168 : 2016 : R2023 | Standard Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis |
ASTM D 6304:2016 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration |
ASTM D 6304 : 2004 : REV A : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration |
ASTM D 5185 : 2005 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 4057 : 1981 : EDT 2 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM D 5185 : 2002 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 2896 : 2007 : REV A | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM E 1655 : 2004 | Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis |
ASTM D 445 : 2021 : EDT 2 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 6304 : 2007 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration (Withdrawn 2016) |
ASTM D 6304 : 2004 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration |
ASTM D 445 : 2017 : REV A | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 5185 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 2896 : 2011 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM E 1421 : 1999 : R2009 | Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests |
ASTM E 1421 : 1999 : R2015 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level Zero and Level One Tests |
ASTM D 6304 : 2016 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration |
ASTM D 5185 : 2013 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 6304 : 2004 : REV A | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration |
ASTM D 445 : 1988 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 6304 : 2004 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration |
ASTM E 1421 : 1999 | Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers Level Zero and Level One Tests |
ASTM D 4057 : 2006 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM D 2896 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 6304 : 2000 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration |
ASTM D 4057 : 2012 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM D 2896 : 2001 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 5185 : 2013 | Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM E 131 : 2010 : R2015 | Standard Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy |
ASTM D 2896 : 2001 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ISO 13372:2004 | Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Vocabulary |
ASTM D 445 : 2019 : REV A | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 2896 : 2003 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM E 1655 : 2017 | Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis |
ASTM D 2896 : 2006 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 445 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 6304 : 2003 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration |
ASTM E 1655 : 2000 | Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis |
ASTM D 5185 : 2009 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 445 : 2001 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM E 1655 : 2005 | Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis |
ASTM D 445 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 2896 : 2015 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 4057 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM D 2896 : 2007 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 5185 : 2002 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 445 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 5185 : 2002 : EDT 2 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) |
ASTM D 445 : 2021 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity) |
ASTM D 4057 : 1995 : R2000 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM E 1655 : 2005 : R2012 | Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis |
ASTM D 2896 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration |
ASTM D 4057 : 2006 : R2011 | Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products |
ASTM E 168 : 2016 | Standard Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis |
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