CEN Guide 12:2006

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Background to childhood development
   4.1 How children's safety differs from adults' safety
   4.2 Children's need to explore, experiment and learn
        from mistakes
5 Criteria for assessing risks and hazards
   5.1 Developmental approach to child safety
   5.2 Adult safety and alternative approaches
   5.3 Children's ages and abilities
   5.4 The roles of carers
   5.5 Cultural, generational and gender differences
   5.6 Limits to the reduction of risks
6 Relating child safety to development stages
   6.1 The basic development/age bands
   6.2 Children aged under 3 years old
   6.3 Children and young people aged 3-11 years old
   6.4 Young people aged 12 years old and over
7 Using appropriate terminology
   7.1 Children
   7.2 Carers
   7.3 Communicating with the target groups
8 Assessing child safety
   8.1 Summarizing issues that need to be addressed under
        the Child Safety Mandate
   8.2 Foreseeing exposure
   8.3 Analysing reports of accidents involving children
        and young people
   8.4 Foreseeing other potential hazards to children
        and young people
9 Approaches to protection
   9.1 Identifying effective methods of protection
   9.2 Recommending minimum ages or other characteristics
   9.3 Recommending minimum competence levels
Annex A (informative) Introduction to Annexes B - F
        A.1 Approach
        A.2 Relating the tables to the hazard identification
             and prevention steps
        A.3 Sources of knowledge and expert opinion from
             which the annexes are derived
Annex B (informative) CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Annex C (informative) Examples illustrating the development
        and behaviour of young children up to approximately
        3 years
Annex D (informative) Examples illustrating the development
        and behaviour of children/young people aged
        approximately 3 years and over
Annex E (informative) Application of guidance
Bibliography

This Guide provides guidance for European Standards’ writers on meeting the requirements of European Commission mandate M/293 to address issues of child safety in standards.Note In the preparation of this guide it is noted that the approach and philosophy utilised in the preparation of standards for products, constructions and services will depend on whether specific levels of qualified supervision are required or not. This Guide does not exclude consideration of hazards where the means of protecting adults are equally effective for children. Generally, however, it does not refer to safety requirements that are not particular to children.The scope of this Guide overlaps with that of guidance in some directives or mandates covering products, constructions or services intended for children, e.g. toys, childcare articles. Guidance for specific products, constructions or services intended for children is more appropriate than this general child safety guidance.This Guide is applicable to existing or potential standards for products, constructions or services that might:-be potentially harmful to children but not adults; or -pose greater risks to children than adults; or-require means of protection for children that are additional or different to those that are effective for adults.This Guide does not consider children with special needs.Where products, constructions or services are subject to regulatory requirements, e.g. European legislation or national laws, these requirements take precedence over any conflicting information given in this Guide.