EN 12699:2015

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Information needed for the execution of the work
5 Geotechnical investigation
6 Materials and products
7 Considerations related to design
8 Execution
9 Supervision, monitoring and testing
10 Records
11 Special requirements
Annex A (informative) - Classification and examples
Annex B (informative) - Guidance on minimum cover
        (in mm) for bearing element of low strength
        steel for cast in situ displacement piles
Annex C (informative) - Degree of obligation of the
        provisions
Bibliography

1.1This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of displacement piles, that means piles which are installed in the ground without excavation or removal of material from the ground except for limiting heave and/or limiting vibration as well as removal of obstructions or to assist penetration.Piles are driven into the ground using impact, vibration, pressing, screwing or a combination of these methods.1.2The material of displacement piles covered by this European Standard can be:-steel;-cast iron;-concrete, mortar;-timber;-grout;-combination of above.1.3This European Standard covers prefabricated, cast in situ, or a combination of these methods to form displacement piles of regular shape.Examples are given in Figure A.2 and Figure A.3.1.4Displacement piles may be installed in soils enhanced by ground improvement techniques. The ground improvement can be executed before, at the same time or after installation of the piles.1.5Other than practical considerations there are for the purpose of this European Standard no limitations regarding cross section dimensions, shaft or base enlargements, length or rake.1.6The provisions of this European Standard apply to:-single piles;-pile groups;-concrete sheet piles.1.7Columns constructed by ground improvement techniques (such as mixed in situ columns, jet grouting, compaction grouting, vibro flotation, stone columns) are not covered by this European Standard. Bored piles are covered in EN 1536. Steel and timber sheet pile walls are covered in EN 12063. Micropiles are covered in EN 14199.