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IEC 61094-2:2009
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Electroacoustics - Measurement microphones - Part 2: Primary method for pressure calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity technique
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Spanish, Castilian
20-02-2009
FOREWORD
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Reference environmental conditions
5 Principles of pressure calibration by reciprocity
5.1 General principles
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 General principles using three microphones
5.1.3 General principles using two microphones and an
auxiliary sound source
5.2 Basic expressions
5.3 Insert voltage technique
5.4 Evaluation of the acoustic transfer impedance
5.5 Heat-conduction correction
5.6 Capillary tube correction
5.7 Final expressions for the pressure sensitivity
5.7.1 Method using three microphones
5.7.2 Method using two microphones and an auxiliary
sound source
6 Factors influencing the pressure sensitivity of microphones
6.1 General
6.2 Polarizing voltage
6.3 Ground-shield reference configuration
6.4 Pressure distribution over the diaphragm
6.5 Dependence on environmental conditions
6.5.1 Static pressure
6.5.2 Temperature
6.5.3 Humidity
6.5.4 Transformation to reference environmental conditions
7 Calibration uncertainty components
7.1 General
7.2 Electrical transfer impedance
7.3 Acoustic transfer impedance
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Coupler properties
7.3.3 Microphone parameters
7.4 Imperfection of theory
7.5 Uncertainty on pressure sensitivity level
Annex A (normative) Heat conduction and viscous losses
in a closed cavity
Annex B (normative) Acoustic impedance of a capillary tube
Annex C (informative) Examples of cylindrical couplers for
calibration of microphones
Annex D (informative) Environmental influence on the
sensitivity of microphones
Annex E (informative) Methods for determining microphone
parameters
Annex F (informative) Physical properties of humid air
IEC 61094-2:2009 is applicable to laboratory standard microphones meeting the requirements of IEC 61094-1 and other types of condenser microphone having the same mechanical dimensions and specifies a primary method of determining the complex pressure sensitivity so as to establish a reproducible and accurate basis for the measurement of sound pressure. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992. This second edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- an update of Clause 6 to fulfil the requirements of ISO/IEC Guide 98-3;
- an improvement of the heat conduction theory in Annex A;
- a revision of Annex F: Physical properties of humid air.
Committee |
TC 29
|
DevelopmentNote |
Supersedes IEC 60327. (12/2001) Stability Date: 2018. (09/2017)
|
DocumentType |
Standard
|
Pages |
99
|
PublisherName |
International Electrotechnical Committee
|
Status |
Current
|
Supersedes |
Standards | Relationship |
ASA/ANSI S1.15 PART 2:2021 | Identical |
NF EN 61094-2 : 2009 | Identical |
GOST R IEC 61094-2 : 2011 | Identical |
NEN EN IEC 61094-2 : 2009 | Identical |
BS EN 61094-2:2009 | Identical |
UNE-EN 61094-2:2011 | Identical |
EN 61094-2:2009 | Identical |
DIN EN 61094-2:2009-09 | Identical |
I.S. EN 61094-2:2009 | Identical |
PN EN 61094-2 : 2010 | Identical |
I.S. EN 61094-2:1994 | Identical |
NEN 11094-2 : 1994 | Identical |
CEI EN 61094-2 : 2014 | Identical |
BS EN 61094-4:1996 | Specification for measurement microphones Specifications for working standard microphones |
CEI EN 60942 : 2004 | ELECTROACOUSTICS SOUND CALIBRATORS |
CEI EN 61094-3 : 1997 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 3: PRIMARY METHOD FOR FREE-FIELD CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARD MICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
15/30326444 DC : 0 | BS EN 60942 - ELECTROACOUSTICS - SOUND CALIBRATORS |
ANSI/ASA S1.15 PART 2 : 2005(R2015) | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 2: PRIMARY METHOD FOR PRESSURE CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARD MICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
CEI EN 60318-1 : 2011 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR - PART 1: EAR SIMULATOR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SUPRA-AURAL AND CIRCUMAURAL EARPHONES |
UNE-EN 61094-3:2017 | Electroacoustics - Measurement microphones - Part 3: Primary method for free-field calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity technique |
IEC 61094-4:1995 | Measurement microphones - Part 4: Specifications for working standard microphones |
EN 61094-5:2016 | Electroacoustics - Measurement microphones - Part 5: Methods for pressure calibration of working standard microphones by comparison |
EN 62585 : 2012 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - METHODS TO DETERMINE CORRECTIONS TO OBTAIN THE FREE-FIELD RESPONSE OF A SOUND LEVEL METER (IEC 62585:2012) |
EN 61094-4:1995 | Measurement microphones - Part 4: Specifications for working standard microphones |
EN 61094-6:2005 | Measurement microphones - Part 6: Electrostatic actuators for determination of frequency response |
EN 61094-8:2012/AC:2013 | Measurement microphones — Part 8: Methods for determining the free-field sensitivity of working standard microphones by comparison |
BS EN 60942:2003 | Electroacoustics. Sound calibrators |
SAE ARP1307B | Measurement of Exterior Noise Produced by Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) and Associated Aircraft Systems During Ground Operation |
DD IEC/TS 61094-7:2006 | Measurement microphones Values for the difference between free-field and pressure sensitivity levels of laboratory standard microphones |
BS EN 61094-6:2005 | Measurement microphones Electrostatic actuators for determination of frequency response |
02/705656 DC : DRAFT APR 2002 | BS 848-2.4 - INDUSTRIAL FANS - DETERMINATION OF FAN SOUND POWER LEVEL UNDER STANDARDIZED LABORATORY CONDITIONS - PART 4: SOUND INTENSITY METHOD |
I.S. EN 60942:2003 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - SOUND CALIBRATORS |
ASA/ANSI S3.55 PART 1:2014(R2019) | ELECTROACOUSTICS - SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR - PART 1: EAR SIMULATOR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SUPRA-AURAL AND CIRCUMAURAL EARPHONES |
I.S. EN 62585:2012 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - METHODS TO DETERMINE CORRECTIONS TO OBTAIN THE FREE-FIELD RESPONSE OF A SOUND LEVEL METER (IEC 62585:2012 (EQV)) |
ANSI S1.15-2 : 2005 | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 2: PRIMARY METHOD FOR PRESSURE CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARD MICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
BS EN 60318-1:2009 | Electroacoustics. Simulators of human head and ear Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones |
UNE-EN 61094-5:2017 | Electroacoustics - Measurement microphones - Part 5: Methods for pressure calibration of working standard microphones by comparison |
IEC 60318-1:2009 | Electroacoustics - Simulators of human head and ear - Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones |
IEC 60942:2017 RLV | Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators |
EN 61094-3:2016/AC:2017-01 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 3: PRIMARY METHOD FOR FREE-FIELD CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARD MICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
BS 6840-4:1997 | Sound system equipment Microphones |
CEI EN 61094-6 : 2005 | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES PART 6: ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS FOR DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE |
11/30255884 DC : 0 | BS EN 61094-8 ED.1 - ELECTROACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 8: METHODS FOR FREE-FIELD CALIBRATION OF WORKING STANDARD MICROPHONES BY COMPARISON |
BS EN 61094-5:2002 | Measurement microphones Methods for pressure calibration of working standard microphones by comparison |
03/305077 DC : DRAFT MAR 2003 | IEC 61094-6 ED.1 - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 6: ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS FOR DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE |
14/30301018 DC : 0 | BS EN 61094-5 ED 2.0 - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 5: METHODS FOR PRESSURE CALIBRATION OF WORKING STANDARD MICROPHONES BY COMPARISON |
BS EN 61094-8:2012 | Electroacoustics. Measurement microphones Methods for determining the free-field sensitivity of working standard microphones by comparison |
BS EN 61094-3:2016 | Electroacoustics. Measurement microphones Primary method for free-field calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity technique |
CEI EN 61094-4 : 1997 | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES PART 4: SPECIFICATIONS FOR WORKING STANDARD MICROPHONES |
IEEE/ANSI C63.19-2011 REDLINE | American National Standard Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communications Devices and Hearing Aids |
I.S. EN 60318-1:2009 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR - PART 1: EAR SIMULATOR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SUPRA-AURAL AND CIRCUMAURAL EARPHONES |
ANSI S1.15-2 : 2005 : R2010 | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 2: PRIMARY METHOD FOR PRESSURE CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARD MICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
IEC TS 61094-7:2006 | Measurement microphones - Part 7: Values for the difference between free-field and pressure sensitivity levels of laboratory standard microphones |
IEC 60942:2017 | Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators |
CEI EN 61094-8 : 2013 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 8: METHODS FOR FREE-FIELD CALIBRATION OF WORKING STANDARD MICROPHONES BY COMPARISON |
NF ISO 13347-4 : 2004 | INDUSTRIAL FANS - DETERMINATION OF FAN SOUND POWER LEVELS UNDER STANDARDIZED LABORATORY CONDITIONS - PART 4: SOUND INTENSITY METHOD |
ANSI S3.55-1 : 2014 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - SIMULATORS OF HUMAN HEAD AND EAR - PART 1: EAR SIMULATOR FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SUPRA-AURAL AND CIRCUMAURAL EARPHONES |
IEC 61094-5:2016 | Electroacoustics - Measurement microphones - Part 5: Methods for pressure calibration of working standard microphones by comparison |
IEC 61094-3:2016 | Electroacoustics - Measurement microphones - Part 3: Primary method for free-field calibration of laboratory standard microphones by the reciprocity technique |
IEC 62585:2012 | Electroacoustics - Methods to determine corrections to obtain the free-field response of a sound level meter |
ISO 13347-4:2004 | Industrial fans — Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized laboratory conditions — Part 4: Sound intensity method |
IEC 61094-8:2012 | Measurement microphones - Part 8: Methods for determining the free-field sensitivity of working standard microphones by comparison |
IEC 61094-6:2004 | Measurement microphones - Part 6: Electrostatic actuators for determination of frequency response |
UNE-EN 60318-1:2010 | Electroacoustics - Simulators of human head and ear -- Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones |
BS 848-2.4(2004) : 2004 | INDUSTRIAL FANS - DETERMINATION OF FAN SOUND POWER LEVELS UNDER STANDARDIZED LABORATORY CONDITIONS - PART 4: SOUND INTENSITY METHOD |
IEEE DRAFT C63.19 : 2005 | METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES AND HEARING AIDS |
EN IEC 60942:2018 | Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators |
12/30264191 DC : DRAFT MAY 2012 | BS EN 61094-3 - ELECTRO ACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 3: PRIMARY METHOD FOR FREE FIELD CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARD MICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
BS EN 62585:2012 | Electroacoustics. Methods to determine corrections to obtain the free-field response of a sound level meter |
CEI EN 62585 : 2013 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - METHODS TO DETERMINE CORRECTIONS TO OBTAIN THE FREE-FIELD RESPONSE OF A SOUND LEVEL METER |
UNE-EN 61094-8:2013 | Measurement microphones. Part 8: Methods for determining the free-field sensitivity of working standard microphones by comparison |
10/30194376 DC : 0 | BS EN 62585 ED.1 - ELECTROACOUSTICS - METHODS TO DETERMINE CORRECTIONS TO OBTAIN FREE-FIELD RESPONSE OF A SOUND LEVEL METER |
UNE-EN 62585:2013 | Electroacoustics - Methods to determine corrections to obtain the free-field response of a sound level meter |
I.S. EN IEC 60942:2018 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - SOUND CALIBRATORS |
I.S. EN 61094-8:2012 | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 8: METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE FREE-FIELD SENSITIVITY OF WORKING STANDARD MICROPHONES BY COMPARISON (IEC 61094-8:2012 (EQV)) |
I.S. EN 61094-5:2016 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 5: METHODS FOR PRESSURE CALIBRATION OF WORKING STANDARD MICROPHONES BY COMPARISON |
I.S. EN 61094-6:2005 | MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 6: ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS FOR DETERMINATION OF FREQUENCY RESPONSE |
I.S. EN 61094-3:2016 | ELECTROACOUSTICS - MEASUREMENT MICROPHONES - PART 3: PRIMARY METHOD FOR FREE-FIELD CALIBRATION OF LABORATORY STANDARDMICROPHONES BY THE RECIPROCITY TECHNIQUE |
BS ISO 13347-4:2004 | Industrial fans. Determination of fan sound power levels under standardized laboratory conditions Sound intensity method |
EN 60318-1:2009 | Electroacoustics - Simulators of human head and ear - Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones |
IEC 61094-1:2000 | Measurement microphones - Part 1: Specifications for laboratory standard microphones |
ISO 9613-1:1993 | Acoustics Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere |
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 | Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) |
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