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    AS 2381.1-1991

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    Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance - General requirements

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF 1 User, PDF 3 Users, PDF 5 Users, PDF 9 Users

    Withdrawn date:  24-06-2021

    Language(s): 

    Published date:  01-01-1991

    Publisher:  Standards Australia

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1 - AS 2381.1-1991 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES-SELECTION, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    4 - PREFACE
    5 - CONTENTS
    7 - FOREWORD
    8 - SECTION 1 GENERAL
    8 - 1.1 SCOPE
    8 - 1.2 APPLICATION
    8 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    8 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS.
    8 - 1.4.1 Approved, approval
    8 - 1.4.2 Area, hazardous
    8 - 1.4.3 Area, non-hazardous
    8 - 1.4.4 Authority, authority having jurisdiction
    8 - 1.4.5 Chemical compatibility
    9 - 1.4.6 Class I areas
    9 - 1.4.7 Class II areas
    9 - 1.4.8 Cloud ignition temperature
    9 - 1.4.9 Combustible dust
    9 - 1.4.10 Degree of protection of enclosures
    9 - 1.4.11 Ex component
    9 - 1.4.12 Explosive atmosphere
    9 - 1.4.13 Explosion-protection
    9 - 1.4.14 Flammable gas or vapour
    9 - 1.4.15 Flammable liquid
    9 - 1.4.16 Flammable material
    9 - 1.4.17 Flashpoint
    9 - 1.4.18 Hazard
    9 - 1.4.19 Ignition source
    9 - 1.4.20 Ignition temperature (of an explosive gas atmosphere)
    9 - 1.4.21 Layer ignition temperature (of dusts)
    10 - 1.4.22 Lower explosive limit (LEL)
    10 - 1.4.23 Maximum surface temperature
    10 - 1.4.24 Source of release
    10 - 1.4.25 Temperature classification
    10 - 1.4.26 Unprotected surface
    10 - 1.4.27 Upper explosive limit (UEL)
    10 - 1.5 STATUTORY REGULATIONS
    10 - 1.6 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS AREAS
    10 - 1.7 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
    10 - 1.7.1 Toxic risks
    10 - 1.7.2 Non-electrical ignition sources
    10 - 1.7.3 Static electricity
    10 - 1.7.4 Lightning
    10 - 1.7.5 Electromagnetic radiation
    10 - 1.7.6 Cathodic protection
    10 - 1.7.7 Personal equipment
    11 - 1.8 PREVENTION OF EXPLOSION
    11 - 1.8.1 General
    11 - 1.8.2 Suppression or avoidance
    11 - 1.8.3 Explosion-protected electrical equipment
    11 - 1.8.4 Conditions of control
    11 - 1.9 COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER PARTS OF THIS STANDARD
    12 - SECTION 2 SELECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
    12 - 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
    12 - 2.2 CLASS I HAZARDOUS AREAS
    12 - 2.2.1 Information required
    12 - 2.2.2 Selection with respect to area classification
    12 - 2.2.3 Selection with respect to temperature classification
    14 - 2.2.4 Selection with respect to equipment grouping
    14 - 2.3 CLASS II HAZARDOUS AREAS
    14 - 2.3.1 Information required
    14 - 2.3.2 Selection with respect to ambient temperature limitation
    14 - 2.3.3 Selection with respect to area classification
    14 - 2.3.4 Selection with respect to temperature classification
    14 - 2.3.5 Types of protection
    15 - SECTION 3 INSTALLATION
    15 - 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
    15 - 3.2 APPLICATION
    15 - 3.3 ACCESS FOR INSPECTION
    15 - 3.4 ELECTRICAL RATING
    15 - 3.5 PROTECTION FROM MECHANICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INJURY
    15 - 3.6 SPECIAL INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES
    15 - 3.6.1 General
    15 - 3.6.2 Wiring entry
    15 - 3.6.3 Unused cable entries
    15 - 3.6.4 Glands and seals
    15 - 3.7 EARTHING
    15 - 3.8 EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING
    16 - 3.9 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
    16 - 3.9.1 General
    16 - 3.9.2 Earth-fault protection
    16 - 3.9.3 Installations not exceeding 650V
    17 - 3.9.4 Location of protection and control equipment
    17 - 3.10 ENCLOSURE AND TERMINATION OF EARTHING CONDUCTORS
    17 - 3.11 ISOLATION
    17 - 3.12 EMERGENCY SUPPLIES
    17 - 3.13 WIRING SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    17 - 3.13.1 Specific methods not permitted
    17 - 3.13.2 Permitted types
    17 - 3.13.3 Telecommunications circuits
    17 - 3.13.4 Consideration of environment
    18 - 3.13.5 Electrical continuity of metallic enclosures, conduits, sheaths and armour
    18 - 3.13.6 Circuits traversing a hazardous area
    18 - 3.13.7 Segregation of wiring systems
    18 - 3.13.8 Flexible connections to fixed equipment
    18 - 3.13.9 Surge protection of circuits supplied from overhead lines
    18 - 3.14 EQUIPMENT - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    18 - 3.14.1 Specific equipment not permitted in hazardous areas
    19 - 3.14.2 Permitted equipment
    19 - 3.14.3 Equipment above hazardous areas
    19 - 3.15 INSTALLATIONS IN ZONE O AREAS
    19 - 3.15.1 Cable systems
    19 - 3.15.2 Conduit systems
    19 - 3.16 INSTALLATIONS IN ZONE 1 AREAS
    19 - 3.16.1 Flexible connections
    20 - 3.16.2 Conduit systems
    21 - 3.16.3 Fixed cable systems
    21 - 3.16.4 Plugs and socket-outlets
    22 - 3.16.5 Pendant luminaires
    22 - 3.16.6 Ovens
    22 - 3.16.7 Heating cables
    22 - 3.16.8 Canned pumps and process connections
    22 - 3.16.9 Motors
    22 - 3.17 INSTALLATIONS IN ZONE 2 AREAS
    22 - 3.17.1 Wiring systems
    22 - 3.17.2 Switchgear and controlgear
    22 - 3.17.3 Combined switch and socket-outlets
    22 - 3.17.4 Pendant luminaires
    22 - 3.17.5 Canned pumps and process connections
    23 - 3.18 INSTALLATIONS IN CLASS II AREAS
    23 - 3.18.1 Wiring systems
    23 - 3.18.2 Dielectrics having a flashpoint exceeding 250°C
    23 - 3.18.3 Luminaires
    23 - 3.18.4 Pendant luminaires
    24 - SECTION 4 INSPECTION AND TESTING, INCLUDING COMMISSIONING
    24 - 4.1 GENERAL
    24 - 4.2 DOCUMENTATION
    24 - 4.3 QUALIFICATIONS OF PERSONNEL
    24 - 4.4 INSPECTION
    24 - 4.5 TESTING
    24 - 4.5.1 General
    24 - 4.5.2 Pre-commissioning tests
    24 - 4.5.3 Procedure for testing compliance of circuit with Clause 3.9.3(b)
    25 - 4.6 PRECAUTIONS
    25 - 4.6.1 Equipment to be rendered dead
    25 - 4.6.2 Check on explosive atmosphere
    25 - 4.6.3 Igniting agencies
    27 - SECTION 5 MAINTENANCE
    27 - 5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
    27 - 5.2 GENERAL
    27 - 5.3 FLEXIBLE CABLES AND CORDS
    27 - 5.4 CLEANLINESS
    27 - 5.5 ALTERATIONS
    27 - 5.6 WELDING
    27 - 5.7 WITHDRAWAL FROM SERVICE
    27 - 5.8 FASTENINGS AND TOOLS
    27 - 5.9 WEATHER PROTECTION
    27 - 5.10 ANTICONDENSATION DEVICES
    27 - 5.11 VIBRATION EFFECTS
    27 - 5.12 NON-CONDUCTIVE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
    28 - APPENDIX A - PROPERTIES OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, VAPOURS AND GASES
    28 - A1 SCOPE
    28 - A2 FLASHPOINT
    28 - A2.1 General
    28 - A2.2 Materials having high flashpoints
    28 - A2.3 Classification of flashpoints
    28 - A3 IGNITION TEMPERATURE
    28 - A3.1 General
    28 - A3.2 Use of ignition temperature
    28 - A4 EXPLOSIVE (FLAMMABLE) LIMITS
    29 - A5 EXPLOSIVE (FLAMMABILITY) RANGE
    29 - A6 VAPOUR DENSITY
    29 - A6.1 General
    29 - A6.2 Effects of temperature changes
    29 - A7 BOILING POINT
    29 - A8 TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION
    29 - A9 CLASSIFICATION OF GASES AND VAPOURS
    29 - A9.1 General
    30 - A9.2 Classification according to the Maximum Experimental Safe Gaps (MESG)
    30 - A9.3 Classification according to the Minimum Igniting Currents (MIC)
    30 - A9.4 Classification according to MESG and MIC
    30 - A9.5 Classification according to a similarity of chemical structure
    30 - A9.6 Tables of gases
    30 - A10 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
    30 - A10.1 Relation between ignition temperature and maximum surface temperature
    31 - A10.2 Mixtures of compounds
    31 - A10.3 Mists
    31 - A10.4 Impurities
    31 - A10.5 Effect of environments having other than normal atmospheric conditions
    36 - APPENDIX B - FRICTIONAL SPARKING RISKS WITH LIGHT METALS AND THEIR ALLOYS
    36 - B1 GENERAL
    36 - B2 RIGIDLY MOUNTED EQUIPMENT
    36 - B3 PORTABLE AND TRANSPORTABLE EQUIPMENT
    36 - B4 FANS
    36 - B5 ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS
    37 - APPENDIX C - CALCULATION OF THE EXPLOSIVE LIMITS FOR A MIXTURE OF GASES
    37 - C1 LIMITS FOR SIMPLE MIXTURES
    38 - C2 LIMITS FOR COMPLEX INDUSTRIAL GAS MIXTURES
    41 - APPENDIX D - MARKING OF EXPLOSION-PROTECTED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
    41 - D1 GENERAL
    41 - D2 INFORMATION TO BE MARKED
    41 - D3 MIXED TYPES OF EXPLOSION-PROTECTION
    42 - D4 ORDER OF MARKING
    42 - D5 MARKING OF EXCOMPONENTS
    42 - D6 MARKING OF SMALL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
    42 - D7 METHOD OF MARKING
    42 - D7.1 General
    42 - D7.2 Adhesive metallic labels
    42 - D7.3 Nameplates
    42 - D7.4 Other forms of labelling
    42 - D8 EXAMPLES OF MARKING
    44 - APPENDIX E - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    46 - APPENDIX F - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EQUIPMENT GROUPS AND FORMER GAS GROUPS OR CLASSES

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Specifies general requirements for the selection, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment for use in areas where flammable materials are generated, processed, handled or stored, and which are therefore potentially hazardous.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee EL-014
    Document Type Standard
    Product Note See also AS 1076 series
    Publisher Standards Australia
    Status Withdrawn
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    History - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Under Revision see DR 98297. Draft Amendment 3 see DR 98497 CP

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS 2106-1980 Methods for the determination of the flashpoint of flammable liquids (closed cup)
    AS 2381.7-1989 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance Intrinsic safety i
    AS 2430.1-1987 Classification of hazardous areas - Explosive gas atmospheres
    AS 2052-1977 Metallic conduits and fittings
    AS 1825-1982 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Pressurized enclosures - Type of protection p
    AS 2380.1-1989 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Explosion-protection techniques General requirements (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 2431-1981 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Encapsulated apparatus - Type of protection m
    AS 3147-1992 Approval and test specification - Electric cables - Thermoplastic insulated - For working voltages up to and including 0.6/1 kV
    AS 1768-1991 Lightning protection
    AS 1020-1984 The control of undesirable static electricity
    AS 2380.6-1988 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Explosion-protection techniques Increased safety
    AS 2832.1-1985 Guide to the cathodic protection of metals - Pipes, cables and ducts
    AS 1021-1980 Protection by purging of electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres
    AS 3000-1986 Electrical installations - Buildings, structures and premises (known as the SAA Wiring Rules)
    AS 2238-1982 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Non-sparking apparatus - Type of protection n
    AS 2380.7-1987 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Explosion-protection techniques - Intrinsic safety i
    AS 1826-1983 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Special protection - Type of protection s
    AS 1940-1993 The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids
    AS 1896-1976 Method of test for ignition temperature of gases and vapours
    AS 1074-1989 Steel tubes and tubulars for ordinary service (Reconfirmed 2018)
    AS 2381.10-1995 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance - Equipment in combustible dust (Class II) areas
    AS 2236-1994 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Dust-excluding ignition-proof (DIP) enclosure
    AS 2430.2-1986 Classification of hazardous areas - Combustible dusts
    AS 1939-1990 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment (IP Code)
    AS 3191-1981 Approval and test specification for electric flexible cords (incorporating Corrigenda)
    AS 1681-1974 Electrically-heated ovens in which flammable volatiles occur - Type 1 ovens - Metric Units
    AS 2480-1986 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres- Flameproof enclosure - Type of protection d
    AS 1828-1984 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Cable glands
    AS 1482-1985 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Protection by ventilation - Type of protection v (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 2430.3-1991 Classification of hazardous areas - Specific occupancies

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS/NZS 4240:1994 Remote controls for mining equipment
    AS 2865-1995 Safe working in a confined space
    AS 2359.12-1996 Powered industrial trucks Hazardous areas
    AS/NZS 1680.2.4:1997 Interior lighting Industrial tasks and processes
    AS/NZS 2430.3.6:1997 Classification of hazardous areas - Examples of area classification - Laboratories including fume cupboards and flammable medical agents
    AS/NZS 4114(INT):1993 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Spray painting booths - Design, construction, installation and maintenance
    AS 2381.2-1993 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance - Flameproof enclosure d
    AS/NZS 1677.2:1998 Refrigerating systems Safety requirements for fixed applications
    HB 94-1997 Electrical safety in the workplace
    AS/NZS 3800:1997 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Overhaul and repair
    AS 2380.4-1994 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Explosion-protection techniques Pressurized rooms or pressurized enclosures (Reconfirmed 2013)
    AS 2381.6-1993 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance Increased safety e
    AS/NZS 1596:1997 Storage and handling of LP Gas
    AS/NZS 2243.2:1997 Safety in laboratories - Chemical aspects
    AS/NZS 4114.1:1995 Spray painting booths - Design, construction and testing
    AS 2236-1994 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Dust-excluding ignition-proof (DIP) enclosure
    AS 2243.7-1991 Safety in laboratories - Electrical aspects
    AS 3846-1998 The handling and transport of dangerous cargoes in port areas
    AS/NZS 3000:2000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
    AS/NZS 2430.3.2:1997 Classification of hazardous areas - Examples of area classification - Vehicle workshops, vehicle parking, fuel dispensing stations and aircraft hangers
    AS/NZS 4114.2:1995 Spray painting booths - Selection, installation and maintenance
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