AS 60146.1.1-2002

1 - AS 60146.1.1-2002 SEMICONDUCTOR CONVERTERS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND LINE COMMUTATED CONVERTERS-SPECIFICATIONS OF BASIC REQU
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
9 - Section 1 - General
9 - 1.1 Scope and object
10 - 1.2 Normative references
11 - 1.3 Classification of semiconductor power equipment and valves
11 - 1.3.1 Classification of semiconductor power equipment
13 - 1.3.2 Classification of semiconductor valves
13 - 1.4 List of principal letter symbols and subscripts
13 - 1.4.1 List of subscripts
13 - 1.4.2 List of symbols (self evident symbols are not listed)
15 - 1.5 Definitions
15 - 1.5.1 Semiconductor device (IEV 551-03-05, modified)
15 - 1.5.2 Power semiconductor diode
15 - 1.5.3 Thyristor
16 - 1.5.4 Reverse blocking triode thyristor
16 - 1.5.5 Reverse conducting triode thyristor
16 - 1.5.6 Bidirectional triode thyristor (triac)
16 - 1.5.7 Turn-off thyristor (GTO = Gate Turn Off)
16 - 1.5.8 Combination of semiconductor devices
16 - 1.5.9 Converter circuit elements
17 - 1.5.10 Converter connection (IEV 551-04-17)
17 - 1.5.11 Controllability of converter arms
17 - 1.5.12 Quadrants of operation (on d.c. side)
17 - 1.5.13 Commutation and quenching (see figure 1)
18 - 1.5.14 Type of commutation
18 - 1.5.15 Self commutation (IEV 551-05-06)
18 - 1.5.16 Type of quenching
19 - 1.5.17 Commutation circuit (IEV 551- 05- 09)
19 - 1.5.18 Trigger delay angle alpha (IEV 551-05-29, modified)
20 - 1.5.19 Trigger advance angle beta
20 - 1.5.20 Inherent delay angle alpha subscript p
20 - 1.5.21 Extinction angle gamma (IEV 551-05-30, modified)
21 - 1.5.22 Definitions of rated values
22 - 1.5.23 Definitions of rated values for assemblies and equipment
22 - 1.5.24 Efficiency definitions
22 - 1.5.25 Terms used in connection with converter faults
22 - 1.5.26 Factors on the a.c. side
23 - 1.5.27 Terms used in connection with d.c. voltage
24 - 1.5.28 Terms used in connection with direct voltage regulation
25 - 1.5.29 Definitions related to cooling
26 - 1.5.30 Temperature definitions
26 - 1.5.31 Electrical disturbance
26 - 1.5.32 Level of immunity of a converter
27 - 1.5.33 Level of generated disturbance of a converter
27 - 1.5.34 Reference level of generated disturbance of a converter
27 - 1.5.35 Relative short- circuit power, Rsc
27 - 1.5.36 Compatibility of a system
27 - 1.5.37 Types and characteristics of common disturbances
28 - 1.5.38 Harmonic distortion (IEV 551-06-07)
29 - Section 2 - Service conditions
29 - 2.1 Code of identification for cooling method
29 - 2.1.1 Letter symbols to be used
29 - 2.1.2 Arrangement of letter symbols
30 - 2.2 Environmental conditions
30 - 2.2.1 Ambient air circulation
30 - 2.2.2 Normal service conditions
31 - 2.2.3 Unusual service conditions
32 - 2.3 Electrical service conditions
32 - 2.3.1 Electrical environment specification
32 - 2.3.2 Unknown site conditions
32 - 2.4 Character of the load
33 - 2.5 Electrical service conditions as a basis of ratings
33 - 2.5.1 Frequency
33 - 2.5.2 A.C. voltage
33 - 2.5.3 Voltage unbalance
34 - 2.5.4 A.C. voltage wave form
36 - Section 3 - Converter equipment and assemblies
36 - 3.1 Electrical connection and calculation factors
36 - 3.1.1 Standard design converters
36 - 3.1.2 Special design converters
36 - 3.2 Calculation factors
36 - 3.2.1 Voltage ratio
36 - 3.2.2 Line side current factor
38 - 3.2.3 Voltage regulation
38 - 3.2.4 Magnetic circuit
38 - 3.2.5 Power loss factor
38 - 3.3 Losses and efficiency
38 - 3.3.1 General
38 - 3.3.2 Included losses
39 - 3.3.3 Not included losses
39 - 3.4 Power factor
39 - 3.4.1 General
40 - 3.4.2 Power, reactive power, apparent power and displacement factor
40 - 3.5 Voltage regulation
40 - 3.5.1 Inherent direct voltage regulation
41 - 3.5.2 Influence of other converters
41 - 3.5.3 Twelve-pulse converters
41 - 3.5.4 Boost and buck connection converters (series connection)
41 - 3.6 Harmonics in line currents and voltages
41 - 3.6.1 Order of harmonics
42 - 3.6.2 Amplification of harmonic currents
42 - 3.7 Direct voltage harmonic content
42 - 3.8 A.C. current in the direct current output
42 - 3.9 Interference
42 - 3.9.1 Interference with in-plant low current control and communication lines
42 - 3.9.2 Interference with telephone and communication links
43 - 3.10 Rated values for converters
43 - 3.10.1 General
43 - 3.10.2 Rated output voltage
43 - 3.10.3 Rated current values
47 - 3.10.4 Particular remarks for double converters
47 - 3.11 Markings
47 - 3.11.1 Clear indication of manufacturer or supplier
47 - 3.11.2 Indication of the type of equipment
47 - 3.11.3 Marking of the input and output terminals of the main circuit
47 - 3.11.4 Rating plate
49 - Section 4 - Tests for valve device assemblies and converter equipment
49 - 4.1 General
49 - 4.1.1 Type tests
49 - 4.1.2 Routine tests
49 - 4.1.3 Performance of tests
49 - 4.1.4 Test schedule
50 - 4.2 Test specifications
50 - 4.2.1 Insulation tests
53 - 4.2.2 Light load and functional test
53 - 4.2.3 Rated current test
53 - 4.2.4 Power loss determination for assemblies and equipment
54 - 4.2.5 Temperature rise test
55 - 4.2.6 Power factor measurements
55 - 4.2.7 Checking of auxiliary devices
55 - 4.2.8 Measurement of the inherent voltage regulation
55 - 4.2.9 Checking the properties of the control equipment
55 - 4.2.10 Checking the protective devices
56 - 4.2.11 Immunity test
56 - 4.2.12 Overcurrent capability test
56 - 4.2.13 Radio frequency generated interference and conducted noise
56 - 4.2.14 Audible noise
56 - 4.2.15 Measurement of ripple voltage and current
56 - 4.2.16 Additional tests
56 - 4.3 Tolerances
58 - Annex A - Index of definitions
62 - Annex B - Bibliography

Specifies the requirements for the performance of all electronic power converters and electronic power switches using electric valves (e.g. diodes, thyristors, transistors and triacs). This Standard has been reproduced from and is technically identical to IEC 60146-1-1:1991.

This International Standard specifies the requirements for the performance of all electronic power converters and electronic power switches using controllable and/or non-controllable electronic valves.The electronic valves mainly comprise semiconductor devices, i.e. diodes and various types of thyristors and transistors, such as reverse blocking or conducting thyristors, turn-off thyristors, triacs and power transistors. The devices may be controlled by means of current, voltage or light. Non-bistable devices are assumed to be operated in the switched mode.This standard is primarily intended to specify the requirements applicable to line commutated converters for conversion of a.c. power to d.c. power or vice versa. Parts of this standard are applicable also to other types of electronic power converters and should be regarded as a standard for them in so far as it is not in contradiction to additional IEC Standards for particular types of semiconductor converters given in existing or future IEC Publications.These specific equipment requirements are applicable to semiconductor power converters that either implement different types of power conversion or use different types of commutation (for example semiconductor self-commutated converters) or involve particular applications (for example semiconductor converters for d.c. motor drives) or include a combination of said characteristics (for example direct d.c. converters for electric rolling stock).The main purposes of this standard are as follows:Part 1-1, IEC 146-1-1, Specifications of basic requirements.- to establish basic terms and definitions;- to specify service conditions which influence the basis of rating;- to specify test requirements for complete converter equipment and assemblies, standard design, (for special design see IEC 146-1-2);- to specify basic performance requirements;- to give application oriented requirements for semiconductor power converters.Part 1-2, IEC 146-1-2, Application guide- to give additional information on test conditions and components, (for example: semiconductor devices), when required for their use in semiconductor power converters, in addition to, or as a modification on, existing standards;- to provide useful reference, calculation factors, formulae and diagrams pertaining to power converter practice.Part 1-3, IEC 146-1-3, Transformers and reactors- to give additional information on characteristics wherein converter transformers differ from ordinary power transformers. In all other respects, the rules specified in IEC 76, shall apply to converter transformers, as far as they are not in contradiction with this standard.

First published as part of AS 1955.1-1977.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 60146.1.1-2002.