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ASTM D 276 : 2012 : REDLINE

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Standard Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles

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01-02-2012

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CONTAINED IN VOL. 07.01, 2015 Describes the identification of the textile fibers used commercially in the United States.

Committee
D 13
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes ASTM F 71. (04/2005)
DocumentType
Redline
Pages
17
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Current

1.1 These test methods cover the identification of the following textile fibers used commercially in the United States:

Acetate (secondary)Nylon
Acrylic Nytril
Anidex Olefin
Aramid Polycarbonate
AsbestosPolyester
Cotton Ramie
Cuprammonium rayonRayon (viscose)
Flax Saran
FluorocarbonSilk
Glass Spandex
Hemp Triacetate
Jute Vinal
LycocellVinyon
ModacrylicWool
Novoloid

1.2 Man-made fibers are listed in 1.1 under the generic names approved by the Federal Trade Commission and listed in Terminology D123, Annex A1 (except for fluorocarbon and polycarbonate). Many of the generic classes of man-made fibers are produced by several manufacturers and sold under various trademark names as follows (Note 1):

Acetate Acele®, Aviscon®, Celanese®, Chromspun®, Estron®
Acrylic Acrilan®, Courtelle®, Creslan®, Dralon®, Orlon®, Zefran®
Anidex Anim/8®
Aramid Kevlar®, Nomex®, Technora®, TeijinConex®, Twaron®
CuprammoniumBemberg®
FluorocarbonTeflon®
Glass Fiberglas®, Garan®, Modiglass®, PPG®, Ultrastrand®
Lyocell Tencel®
ModacrylicDynel®, Kanecaron®, Monsanto SEF®, Verel®
NovoloidKynol®
Polyamide
(Nylon) 6Caprolan®,Enka®, Perlon®, Zefran®, Enkalon®
Polyamide
(Nylon) 6, 6Antron®, Blue C®, Cantrece®, Celanese Phillips®, Enka®Nylon
Polyamide
(Nylon) (other)Rilsan®(nylon 11), Qiana®, StanylEnka®,(Nylon 4,6)
Nytril Darvan®
Olefin Durel®, Herculon®, Marvess®, Polycrest®
PolyesterAvlin®, Beaunit®, Blue C®, Dacron®, Encron®, Fortrel®, Kodel®, Quintess®, Spectran®, Trevira®, Vyoron®, Zephran®, Diolen®, Vectran®
Rayon Avril®, Avisco®, Dynacor®, Enka®, Fiber 700®, Fibro®, Nupron®, Rayflex®, Suprenka®, Tyrex®, Tyron®, Cordenka®
Saran Enjay®, Saran®
Spandex Glospun®, Lycra®, Numa®, Unel®
TriacetateArnel®
Vinyon Avisco®, Clevyl®, Rhovyl®, Thermovyl®, Volpex®

Note 1—The list of trademarks in 1.2 contains only examples and does not include all brands produced in the United States or abroad and imported for sale in the United States. The list does not include examples of fibers from two (or more) generic classes of polymers spun into a single filament. Additional information on fiber types and trademarks is given in Refs (1, 2, and 3).

1.3 Most manufacturers offer a variety of fiber types of a specific generic class. Differences in tenacity, linear density, bulkiness, or the presence of inert delustrants normally do not interfere with analytic tests, but chemical modifications (for such purposes as increased dyeability with certain dyestuffs) may affect the infrared spectra and some of the physical properties, particularly the melting point. Many generic classes of fibers are sold with a variety of cross-section shapes designed for specific purposes. These differences will be evident upon microscopical examination of the fiber and may interfere with the measurements of refractive indices and birefringence.

1.4 Microscopical examination is indispensable for positive identification of the several types of cellulosic and animal fibers, because the infrared spectra and solubilities will not distinguish between species. Procedures for microscopic identification are published in AATCC Method 20 and in References (4-12).

1.5 Analyses by infrared spectroscopy and solubility relationships are the preferred methods for identifying man-made fibers. The analysis scheme based on solubility is very reliable. The infrared technique is a useful adjunct to the solubility test method. The other methods, especially microscopical examination are generally not suitable for positive identification of most man-made fibers and are useful primarily to support solubility and infrared spectra identifications.

1.6 These test methods include the following sections:

Section
Scope1
Referenced Documents2
Terminology3
Summary of Test Methods4
Significance and Use5
Sampling, Selection, Preparation and Number of Specimens6
Reference Standards7
Purity of Reagents8
Fiber Identification by
Microscopic Examination9,10
Solubility Relationships11-16
Infrared Spectroscopy17-23
Physical Properties to Confirm Identification
Density24-27
Melting Point28-33
Birefringence by Difference of 34 and 35
Refractive Indices

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.

MIL-DTL-32439 Revision A:2017 CLOTH, DUCK, TEXTURED NYLON
UFC 3-220-08FA : 2004 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA - ENGINEERING USE OF GEOTEXTILES
ASTM D 885M : 1995 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Man-Made Organic-Base Fibers (Metric) (Withdrawn 1998)
S.R. CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 TEXTILES - COMPOSITION TESTING - IDENTIFICATION OF FIBRES (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
DDD-F-416 Revision F:2005 Flag, National, United States of America and Flag, Union Jack
MIL-DTL-43415 Revision D:2003 CAP, SERVICE, MILITARY POLICE, WHITE
MIL-DTL-508 Revision L:2018 CLOTH, OXFORD, NYLON, 3 OUNCE
MIL-DTL-43741 Revision C:2007 NECKERCHIEF, COTTON, KNITTED
ASTM D 5446 : 2008 Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
ASTM D 461 : 1993 Standard Test Methods for Felt (Withdrawn 2004)
MIL-DTL-43685 Revision D:2017 Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fiber
MIL-DTL-32231 Base Document:2006 CLOTH, POLYESTER/COTTON
MIL-PRF-43709 Revision C:2017 Tape, Textile, Aramid
MIL-DTL-43128 Revision D:2018 Cloth, Plain Weave, Nylon: Water Repellent Treated and Untreated
PIA T 43618 : C TAPE, PRESSURE SENSITIVE, FOR MENDING NYLON PARACHUTE CANOPIES
ASTM D 5446 : 2008 : R2019 Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
ASTM D 629 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 : REV A : R2014 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers (Withdrawn 2023)
MIL-DTL-44436 Revision B:2012 CLOTH, WIND RESISTANT POPLIN, NYLON/COTTON BLEND
PD CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 Textiles. Composition testing. Identification of fibres
ASTM D 5446 : 2008 : R2013 Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
MIL-DTL-81736 Revision C:2015 TAPE, TEXTILE, NYLON, LANDBASED ARRESTING GEAR, 8-INCH
PIA-T-43709B : 2019 TAPE, TEXTILE, ARAMID
ASTM D 6461/D6461M : 2018 : REDLINE Standard Specifications for Silt Fence Materials
MIL-DTL-43992 Revision C:2002 CLOTH, BROADCLOTH, POLYESTER/COTTON, DURABLE PRESS
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 : REV A : R2014 Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
PIA T 5237B : 2019 TAPE, TEXTILE; WEBBING, TEXTILE; RAYON
SAE J 314 : 2012 FELTS - WOOL AND PART WOOL
PIA-T-5038G:2019 TAPE, TEXTILE AND WEBBING, TEXTILE, REINFORCING, NYLON
PIA W 4088F : 2019 WEBBING, TEXTILE, WOVEN NYLON
ISO/TR 11827:2012 Textiles — Composition testing — Identification of fibres
PIA C 8021 : C CLOTH, PARACHUTE, NYLON, CARGO AND DECELERATION
A-A-2522 Revision A:1994 RAGS, WIPING (COTTON AND COTTON SYNTHETIC)
MIL-DTL-14645 Revision C:2002 INSIGNIA, RANK AND GRADE, EMBROIDERED SHOULDER MARKS, AIR FORCE AND ARMY, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR
CGSB 4.129 : 93 AMD 1 1997 CARPET FOR COMMERCIAL USE
MIL-DTL-14651 Revision A:2001 Insignia, Embroidered, Rank Grade, and Service Stripes, General Specification for
MIL-DTL-44031 Revision F:2017 CLOTH, CAMOUFLAGE PATTERN: COTTON AND NYLON
AASHTO M 288 : 2015 SPECIFICATION FOR GEOSYNTHETIC SPECIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS
PIA C 1200 : 2013 CORD, SPECTRA, CORELESS
PIA W 43668 C : 2012 WEBBING, TEXTILE, TEXTURED OR MULTIFILAMENT NYLON
PIA C 17183 D : 2019 CORD, NYLON, BRAIDED, TUBULAR, SPLICEABLE
BS PD ISO/TR 11827 : 2012 TEXTILES - COMPOSITION TESTING - IDENTIFICATION OF FIBRES
PIA C 498 : C CLOTH, PARACHUTE, SYNTHETIC FIBER (FOR AMMUNITION PARACHUTES)
PIA C 17208 : B CLOTH, PARACHUTE, 240-PERMEABILITY; FOR USE WITH UNDERWATER ORDNANCE
CGSB-22.42 : 1992 PAINT ROLLERS AND ACCESSORIES
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 : REV A Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012)
ASTM D 7138 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers

ASTM D 941 : 1988 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer (Withdrawn 1993)
ASTM D 1217 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
ASTM D 792 : 2013 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
ASTM D 629 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles

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