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ASTM D 276 : 2012 : REDLINE
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Standard Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
English
01-02-2012
CONTAINED IN VOL. 07.01, 2015 Describes the identification of the textile fibers used commercially in the United States.
Committee |
D 13
|
DevelopmentNote |
Supersedes ASTM F 71. (04/2005)
|
DocumentType |
Redline
|
Pages |
17
|
PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
|
Status |
Current
|
1.1 These test methods cover the identification of the following textile fibers used commercially in the United States:
Acetate (secondary) | Nylon |
Acrylic | Nytril |
Anidex | Olefin |
Aramid | Polycarbonate |
Asbestos | Polyester |
Cotton | Ramie |
Cuprammonium rayon | Rayon (viscose) |
Flax | Saran |
Fluorocarbon | Silk |
Glass | Spandex |
Hemp | Triacetate |
Jute | Vinal |
Lycocell | Vinyon |
Modacrylic | Wool |
Novoloid |
1.2 Man-made fibers are listed in 1.1 under the generic names approved by the Federal Trade Commission and listed in Terminology D123, Annex A1 (except for fluorocarbon and polycarbonate). Many of the generic classes of man-made fibers are produced by several manufacturers and sold under various trademark names as follows (Note 1):
Acetate | Acele®, Aviscon®, Celanese®, Chromspun®, Estron® |
Acrylic | Acrilan®, Courtelle®, Creslan®, Dralon®, Orlon®, Zefran® |
Anidex | Anim/8® |
Aramid | Kevlar®, Nomex®, Technora®, TeijinConex®, Twaron® |
Cuprammonium | Bemberg® |
Fluorocarbon | Teflon® |
Glass | Fiberglas®, Garan®, Modiglass®, PPG®, Ultrastrand® |
Lyocell | Tencel® |
Modacrylic | Dynel®, Kanecaron®, Monsanto SEF®, Verel® |
Novoloid | Kynol® |
Polyamide | |
(Nylon) 6 | Caprolan®,Enka®, Perlon®, Zefran®, Enkalon® |
Polyamide | |
(Nylon) 6, 6 | Antron®, Blue C®, Cantrece®, Celanese Phillips®, Enka®Nylon |
Polyamide | |
(Nylon) (other) | Rilsan®(nylon 11), Qiana®, StanylEnka®,(Nylon 4,6) |
Nytril | Darvan® |
Olefin | Durel®, Herculon®, Marvess®, Polycrest® |
Polyester | Avlin®, Beaunit®, Blue C®, Dacron®, Encron®, Fortrel®, Kodel®, Quintess®, Spectran®, Trevira®, Vyoron®, Zephran®, Diolen®, Vectran® |
Rayon | Avril®, Avisco®, Dynacor®, Enka®, Fiber 700®, Fibro®, Nupron®, Rayflex®, Suprenka®, Tyrex®, Tyron®, Cordenka® |
Saran | Enjay®, Saran® |
Spandex | Glospun®, Lycra®, Numa®, Unel® |
Triacetate | Arnel® |
Vinyon | Avisco®, Clevyl®, Rhovyl®, Thermovyl®, Volpex® |
Note 1—The list of trademarks in 1.2 contains only examples and does not include all brands produced in the United States or abroad and imported for sale in the United States. The list does not include examples of fibers from two (or more) generic classes of polymers spun into a single filament. Additional information on fiber types and trademarks is given in Refs (1, 2, and 3).
1.3 Most manufacturers offer a variety of fiber types of a specific generic class. Differences in tenacity, linear density, bulkiness, or the presence of inert delustrants normally do not interfere with analytic tests, but chemical modifications (for such purposes as increased dyeability with certain dyestuffs) may affect the infrared spectra and some of the physical properties, particularly the melting point. Many generic classes of fibers are sold with a variety of cross-section shapes designed for specific purposes. These differences will be evident upon microscopical examination of the fiber and may interfere with the measurements of refractive indices and birefringence.
1.4 Microscopical examination is indispensable for positive identification of the several types of cellulosic and animal fibers, because the infrared spectra and solubilities will not distinguish between species. Procedures for microscopic identification are published in AATCC Method 20 and in References (4-12).
1.5 Analyses by infrared spectroscopy and solubility relationships are the preferred methods for identifying man-made fibers. The analysis scheme based on solubility is very reliable. The infrared technique is a useful adjunct to the solubility test method. The other methods, especially microscopical examination are generally not suitable for positive identification of most man-made fibers and are useful primarily to support solubility and infrared spectra identifications.
1.6 These test methods include the following sections:
Section | |
---|---|
Scope | 1 |
Referenced Documents | 2 |
Terminology | 3 |
Summary of Test Methods | 4 |
Significance and Use | 5 |
Sampling, Selection, Preparation and Number of Specimens | 6 |
Reference Standards | 7 |
Purity of Reagents | 8 |
Fiber Identification by | |
Microscopic Examination | 9,10 |
Solubility Relationships | 11-16 |
Infrared Spectroscopy | 17-23 |
Physical Properties to Confirm Identification | |
Density | 24-27 |
Melting Point | 28-33 |
Birefringence by Difference of | 34 and 35 |
Refractive Indices |
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.
MIL-DTL-32439 Revision A:2017 | CLOTH, DUCK, TEXTURED NYLON |
UFC 3-220-08FA : 2004 | UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA - ENGINEERING USE OF GEOTEXTILES |
ASTM D 885M : 1995 | Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Man-Made Organic-Base Fibers (Metric) (Withdrawn 1998) |
S.R. CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 | TEXTILES - COMPOSITION TESTING - IDENTIFICATION OF FIBRES (ISO/TR 11827:2012) |
DDD-F-416 Revision F:2005 | Flag, National, United States of America and Flag, Union Jack |
MIL-DTL-43415 Revision D:2003 | CAP, SERVICE, MILITARY POLICE, WHITE |
MIL-DTL-508 Revision L:2018 | CLOTH, OXFORD, NYLON, 3 OUNCE |
MIL-DTL-43741 Revision C:2007 | NECKERCHIEF, COTTON, KNITTED |
ASTM D 5446 : 2008 | Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints |
ASTM D 461 : 1993 | Standard Test Methods for Felt (Withdrawn 2004) |
MIL-DTL-43685 Revision D:2017 | Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fiber |
MIL-DTL-32231 Base Document:2006 | CLOTH, POLYESTER/COTTON |
MIL-PRF-43709 Revision C:2017 | TAPE, TEXTILE, ARAMID |
MIL-DTL-43128 Revision D:2018 | Cloth, Plain Weave, Nylon: Water Repellent Treated and Untreated |
PIA T 43618 : C | TAPE, PRESSURE SENSITIVE, FOR MENDING NYLON PARACHUTE CANOPIES |
ASTM D 5446 : 2008 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints |
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 | Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers |
ASTM D 629 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles |
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 : REV A : R2014 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers (Withdrawn 2023) |
MIL-DTL-44436 Revision B:2012 | CLOTH, WIND RESISTANT POPLIN, NYLON/COTTON BLEND |
PD CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 | Textiles. Composition testing. Identification of fibres |
ASTM D 5446 : 2008 : R2013 | Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints |
MIL-DTL-81736 Revision C:2015 | TAPE, TEXTILE, NYLON, LANDBASED ARRESTING GEAR, 8-INCH |
PIA-T-43709B : 2019 | TAPE, TEXTILE, ARAMID |
ASTM D 6461/D6461M : 2018 : REDLINE | Standard Specifications for Silt Fence Materials |
MIL-DTL-43992 Revision C:2002 | CLOTH, BROADCLOTH, POLYESTER/COTTON, DURABLE PRESS |
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 : REV A : R2014 | Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers |
PIA T 5237B : 2019 | TAPE, TEXTILE; WEBBING, TEXTILE; RAYON |
SAE J 314 : 2012 | FELTS - WOOL AND PART WOOL |
PIA-T-5038G:2019 | TAPE, TEXTILE AND WEBBING, TEXTILE, REINFORCING, NYLON |
PIA W 4088F : 2019 | WEBBING, TEXTILE, WOVEN NYLON |
ISO/TR 11827:2012 | Textiles Composition testing Identification of fibres |
PIA C 8021 : C | CLOTH, PARACHUTE, NYLON, CARGO AND DECELERATION |
A-A-2522 Revision A:1994 | RAGS, WIPING (COTTON AND COTTON SYNTHETIC) |
MIL-DTL-14645 Revision C:2002 | INSIGNIA, RANK AND GRADE, EMBROIDERED SHOULDER MARKS, AIR FORCE AND ARMY, GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR |
CGSB 4.129 : 93 AMD 1 1997 | CARPET FOR COMMERCIAL USE |
MIL-DTL-14651 Revision A:2001 | Insignia, Embroidered, Rank Grade, and Service Stripes, General Specification for |
MIL-DTL-44031 Revision F:2017 | CLOTH, CAMOUFLAGE PATTERN: COTTON AND NYLON |
AASHTO M 288 : 2015 | SPECIFICATION FOR GEOSYNTHETIC SPECIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS |
PIA C 1200 : 2013 | CORD, SPECTRA, CORELESS |
PIA W 43668 C : 2012 | WEBBING, TEXTILE, TEXTURED OR MULTIFILAMENT NYLON |
PIA C 17183 D : 2019 | CORD, NYLON, BRAIDED, TUBULAR, SPLICEABLE |
BS PD ISO/TR 11827 : 2012 | TEXTILES - COMPOSITION TESTING - IDENTIFICATION OF FIBRES |
PIA C 498 : C | CLOTH, PARACHUTE, SYNTHETIC FIBER (FOR AMMUNITION PARACHUTES) |
PIA C 17208 : B | CLOTH, PARACHUTE, 240-PERMEABILITY; FOR USE WITH UNDERWATER ORDNANCE |
CGSB-22.42 : 1992 | PAINT ROLLERS AND ACCESSORIES |
ASTM D 885/D885M : 2010 : REV A | Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers |
CEN ISO/TR 11827:2016 | Textiles - Composition testing - Identification of fibres (ISO/TR 11827:2012) |
ASTM D 7138 : 2016 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature of Synthetic Fibers |
ASTM D 941 : 1988 | Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer (Withdrawn 1993) |
ASTM D 1217 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer |
ASTM D 792 : 2013 : REDLINE | Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement |
ASTM D 629 : 2015 : REDLINE | Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles |
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