ASTM E 284 : 2022
Current
Current
The latest, up-to-date edition.
Standard Terminology of Appearance
Available format(s)
Hardcopy , PDF
Language(s)
English
Published date
06-12-2022
Important note : Users cannot be edited or removed once added to your Multi user PDF.| Committee |
E 12
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| DocumentType |
Reference Material
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| Pages |
25
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| PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
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| Status |
Current
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| Supersedes |
1.1This terminology standard defines terms used in the description of appearance, including but not limited to color, gloss, opacity, scattering, texture, and visibility of both materials (ordinary, fluorescent, retroreflective) and light sources (including visual display units).
1.2It is the policy of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance that this terminology standard include important terms and definitions explicit to the scope, whether or not the terms are currently used in an ASTM standard. Terms that are in common use and appear in common-language dictionaries (see Refs (1–2)2) are generally not included, except when the dictionaries show multiple definitions and it seems desirable to indicate the definitions recommended for E12 standards.
1.3The usage of terms describing appearance varies considerably. In some cases, different usage of a term in different fields has been noted.
1.4This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
| ASTM D 5383 : 2016 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Visual Determination of the Lightfastness of Art Materials by Artists and Art Technologists |
| ASTM E 573 : 2001 : R2021 | Standard Practices for Internal Reflection Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D 4449 : 2015 : R2021 | Standard Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance |
| ASTM E 2729 : 2016 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Rectification of Spectrophotometric Bandpass Differences |
| ASTM D 5067 : 2016 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Artists' Watercolor Paints |
| ASTM E 430 : 2019 | Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry |
| ASTM C 1530/C1530M : 2004 : R2019 | Standard Specification for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Roofing Shakes, Shingles, and Slates with Designed Varying Profiles and Thicknesses |
| ASTM E 3165 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Nighttime Retroreflected Chromaticity of Retroreflective Sheeting |
| ASTM F 3294 : 2018 | Standard Guide for Performing Quantitative Fluorescence Intensity Measurements in Cell-based Assays with Widefield Epifluorescence Microscopy |
| ASTM E 313 : 2020 | Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates |
| ASTM D 4302 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Artists’ Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints |
| ASTM D 1746 : 2015 | Standard Test Method for Transparency of Plastic Sheeting |
| ASTM E 1808 : 1996 : R2021 | Standard Guide for Designing and Conducting Visual Experiments |
| ASTM C 1650 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Instrumental Reflectance Measurement of Color for Flat Glass, Coated, and Uncoated |
| ASTM E 811 : 2009 : R2020 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime Conditions |
| ASTM D 2805 : 2011 : R2018 | Standard Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry |
| ASTM D 5724 : 2016 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Gouache Paints |
| ASTM D 4956 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control |
| ASTM E 2938 : 2015 | Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Relative-Range Measurement Performance of 3D Imaging Systems in the Medium Range |
| ASTM E 2867 : 2014 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from Spectrophotometry |
| ASTM D 5098 : 2016 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Dispersion Paints |
| ASTM D 7305 : 2008 : REV A : R2020 | Standard Test Method for Reflection Density of Printed Matter |
| ASTM E 1767 : 2011 : R2022 | Standard Practice for Specifying the Geometries of Observation and Measurement to Characterize the Appearance of Materials |
| ASTM E 1336 : 2011 : R2017 | Standard Test Method for Obtaining Colorimetric Data From a Visual Display Unit by Spectroradiometry |
| ASTM E 2152 : 2012 : R2017 | Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral Photometric Data |
| ASTM E 2302 : 2003 : REV A : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Luminance Coefficient Under Diffuse Illumination of Pavement Marking Materials Using a Portable Reflectometer |
| ASTM E 2540 : 2016 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.5 Degree Observation Angle |
| ASTM C 1501 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Color Stability of Building Construction Sealants as Determined by Laboratory Accelerated Weathering Procedures |
| ASTM E 2175 : 2001 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Specifying the Geometry of Multiangle Spectrophotometers |
| ASTM E 2194 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Metal Flake Pigmented Materials |
| ASTM D 3451 : 2006 : R2017 | Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings |
| ASTM E 1345 : 1998 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements |
| ASTM D 4303 : 2010 : R2016 | Standard Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used in Artists' Materials |
| ASTM E 1341 : 2016 : R2020 | Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectroradiometric Data from Radiant Sources for Colorimetry |
| ASTM D 8379/D8379M : 2021 | Standard Practice for Evaluating Nighttime Retroreflective Sheeting Effectiveness Using Positive-Contrast Textual Sign Scenario Performance Analysis |
| ASTM D 6628 : 2016 | Standard Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Materials |
| ASTM D 7585/D7585M : 2010 : R2022 | Standard Practice for Evaluating Retroreflective Pavement Markings Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments |
| ASTM E 1360 : 2005 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Specifying Color by Using the Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales System |
| ASTM E 131 : 2010 : R2015 | Standard Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy |
| ASTM E 2501 : 2011 : R2022 | Standard Specification for Light Source Products for Inspection of Fluorescent Coatings |
| ASTM D 5382 : 2002 : R2017 | Standard Guide to Evaluation of Optical Properties of Powder Coatings |
| ASTM D 4280 : 2018 | Standard Specification for Extended Life Type, Nonplowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers |
| ASTM D 2066 : 2007 : R2020 | Standard Test Methods for Relative Tinting Strength of Paste-Type Printing Ink Dispersions |
| ASTM E 1791 : 1996 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Transfer Standards for Reflectance Factor for Near-Infrared Instruments Using Hemispherical Geometry |
| ASTM D 3134 : 2015 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances |
| ASTM D 5215 : 1993 : R2021 | Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives |
| ASTM E 1710 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer |
| ASTM D 387 : 2000 : R2017 | Standard Test Method for Color and Strength of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM E 2072 : 2014 | Standard Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM D 4960 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Color for Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials |
| ASTM E 3125 : 2017 | Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Point-to-Point Distance Measurement Performance of Spherical Coordinate 3D Imaging Systems in the Medium Range |
| ASTM E 2153 : 2001 : R2017 | Standard Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent Color |
| ASTM D 2457 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid Plastics |
| ASTM C 1649 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Instrumental Transmittance Measurement of Color for Flat Glass, Coated and Uncoated |
| ASTM E 1499 : 2016 | Standard Guide for Selection, Evaluation, and Training of Observers |
| ASTM D 2616 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale |
| ASTM E 2808 : 2021 : REV A | Standard Guide for Microspectrophotometry in Forensic Paint Analysis |
| ASTM E 179 : 2017 : R2022 | Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials |
| ASTM E 2387 : 2019 | Standard Practice for Goniometric Optical Scatter Measurements |
| ASTM D 1003 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics |
| ASTM E 2022 : 2016 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Calculation of Weighting Factors for Tristimulus Integration |
| ASTM E 1682 : 2008 : R2022 | Standard Guide for Modeling the Colorimetric Properties of a CRT-Type Visual Display Unit |
| ASTM D 4086 : 2018 | Standard Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism |
| ASTM D 1729 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials |
| ASTM E 808 : 2001 : R2016 | Standard Practice for Describing Retroreflection |
| ASTM D 6045 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus Method |
| ASTM E 253 : 2022 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Materials and Products |
| ASTM D 4383 : 2021 | Standard Specification for Plowable, Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers |
| ASTM E 1331 : 2015 : R2019 | Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry |
| ASTM D 4838 : 1988 : R2016 | Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting Strength of Chromatic Paints (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM D 5326 : 2022 | Standard Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex Paints |
| ASTM E 2539 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments |
| ASTM D 16 : 2019 | Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications |
| ASTM E 1348 : 2022 | Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry |
| ASTM D 7195 : 2021 | Standard Guide for Setting Object Color Specifications |
| ASTM E 1164 : 2012 : R2017 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation |
| ASTM C 1510 : 2001 : R2020 | Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry |
| ASTM E 810 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry |
| ASTM E 2214 : 2020 | Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments |
| ASTM D 6441 : 2005 : R2016 | Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings |
| ASTM C 1520 : 2020 | Standard Guide for Paintability of Latex Sealants |
| ASTM E 1247 : 2012 : R2017 | Standard Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry |
| ASTM C 609 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Light Reflectance Value and Small Color Differences Between Pieces of Ceramic Tile |
| ASTM E 809 : 2021 | Standard Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of Retroreflectors |
| ASTM D 7540 : 2009 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Dispersion of Chromatic Pigments with a Mechanical Muller |
| ASTM E 2367 : 2005 : R2019 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Nighttime Chromaticity of Pavement Marking Materials Using a Portable Retroreflection Colorimeter |
| ASTM D 5767 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Instrumental Measurement of Distinctness-of-Image (DOI) Gloss of Coated Surfaces |
| ASTM D 6961/D6961M : 2009 : R2021 | Standard Test Method for Color Measurement of Flax Fiber |
| ASTM D 4039 : 2009 : R2015 | Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces |
| ASTM D 4649 : 2020 | Standard Guide for Use of Stretch Films and Wrapping Application |
| ASTM D 7843 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry |
| ASTM E 2301 : 2012 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry |
| ASTM D 4061 : 2013 : R2018 | Standard Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coatings |
| ASTM D 1535 : 2014 : R2018 | Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System |
| ASTM D 542 : 2022 | Standard Test Method for Index of Refraction of Transparent Organic Plastics |
| ASTM D 8163 : 2018 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Strength of Colorants and Bases for Architectural, Marine, Maintenance, Commercial, and Industrial Coatings |
| ASTM E 1349 : 2006 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry |
| ASTM E 805 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials |
| ASTM E 1477 : 1998 : REV A : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Luminous Reflectance Factor of Acoustical Materials by Use of Integrating-Sphere Reflectometers |
| ASTM E 2970 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Natural Colour System (NCS) |
| ASTM D 8161 : 2017 | Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials over a Highway Substrate by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight |
| ASTM D 6290 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Color Determination of Plastic Pellets |
| ASTM D 7133 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Instrumental Measurement of Tristimulus CIELAB Color and Yellowness Index of Liquids |
| ASTM E 1708 : 2020 | Standard Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color and Appearance Data |
| ASTM E 1458 : 2012 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Calibration Verification of Laser Diffraction Particle Sizing Instruments Using Photomask Reticles |
| ASTM E 1709 : 2016 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree Observation Angle |
| ASTM E 991 : 2021 | Standard Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method |
| ASTM D 5531 : 2017 | Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings |
| ASTM E 1455 : 2017 : R2022 | Standard Practice for Obtaining Colorimetric Data from a Visual Display Unit Using Tristimulus Colorimeters |
| ASTM E 259 : 2006 : R2015 | Standard Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and Bi-Directional Geometries (Withdrawn 2024) |
| ASTM D 3794 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings |
| ASTM D 6901 : 2015 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Artists' Colored Pencils |
| ASTM E 308 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System |
| ASTM E 3040 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Evaluation of Instrumental Color Difference with a Gray Scale |
| ASTM E 1696 : 2015 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer |
| ASTM E 3320 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materials Using a Mobile Retroreflectometer Unit (MRU) |
| ASTM E 2480 : 2012 : R2022 | Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method with Multi-Valued Measurands |
| ASTM D 3964 : 2010 : R2020 | Standard Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for Appearance Measurements |
| ASTM E 1347 : 2006 : R2020 | Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry |
| ASTM D 2244 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates |
| ASTM D 883 : 2023 | Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics |
| ASTM D 883 : 2024 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics |
| ASTM E 131 : 2010 : R2023 | Standard Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
| ASTM D 883 : 2024 | Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics |
| ASTM E 456 : 2013 : REV A : R2022 | Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics |
| ASTM E 135 : 2023 | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM E 135 : 2024 | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 : EDT 2 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
| ASTM E 456 : 2013 : REV A : R2022 : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics |
| ASTM E 135 : 2021 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM D 883 : 2022 | Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics |
| ASTM E 808 : 2023 | Standard Practice for Describing Retroreflection |
| ASTM D 156 : 2015 | Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method) |
| ASTM D 123 : 2019 | Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles |
| ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
| ASTM E 135 : 2023 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM D 1129 : 2024 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
| ASTM E 135 : 2022 : REV B | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM E 1164 : 2012 : R2023 : EDT 1 | Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation |
| ASTM D 16 : 2024 | Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications |
| ASTM E 135 : 2022 : REV A | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM D 156 : 2023 | Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method) |
| ASTM E 1164 : 2023 | Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation |
| ASTM E 2214 : 2023 | Standard Practice for Specifying and Verifying the Performance of Color-Measuring Instruments |
| ASTM D 123 : 2023 | Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles |
| ASTM D 2805 : 2011 : R2023 | Standard Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry |
| ASTM E 135 : 2022 | Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials |
| ASTM D 1535 : 2014 : R2023 | Standard Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System |
| ASTM D 16 : 2023 | Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications |
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