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ASTM E 729 : 1996
Superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
Hardcopy , PDF
11-11-2014
English
10-05-1996
CONTAINED IN VOL. 11.06, 2014 Specifies procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of freshwater and saltwater fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians during 2 to 8-day exposures, depending on the species.
Committee |
E 47
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DocumentType |
Guide
|
Pages |
22
|
PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
|
Status |
Superseded
|
SupersededBy |
1.1 This guide (1) describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of freshwater and saltwater fishes, macroinvertebrates, and amphibians during 2- to 8-day exposures, depending on the species, using the static, renewal, and flow-through techniques. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting acute toxicity tests with many other aquatic species, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting acute tests.
1.3 Selection of the technique to be used in a specific situation will depend upon the needs of the investigator and upon available resources. Static tests provide the most easily obtained measure of acute toxicity, but should not last longer than 96 h. Renewal and flow-through tests may last longer than 96 h because the pH and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and test material are maintained at desired levels and degradation and metabolic products are removed. Static tests might not be applicable to materials that have a high oxygen demand, are highly volatile, are rapidly biologically or chemically transformed in aqueous solution, or are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities by the test chambers or organisms during the test. Flow-through tests are generally preferable to renewal tests, although in some situations a renewal test might be more cost-effective than a flow-through test. Shell deposition tests with bivalve molluscs must be flow-through tests.
1.4 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct acute tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and on such materials as leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters. See Guide E1192 Procedures for conducting acute tests on aqueous effluents.
1.5 In the development of these procedures, an attempt was made to balance scientific and practical considerations and to ensure that the results will be sufficiently accurate and precise for the applications for which they are commonly used. A major consideration was that the common uses of the results of acute toxicity tests do not require or justify stricter requirements than those set forth herein. Although the tests may be improved by using more organisms, longer acclimation times, etc., the requirements presented herein should usually be sufficient.
1.6 Results of acute toxicity tests should usually be reported in terms of an LC50 (median lethal concentration) or EC50 (median effective concentration). In some situations, it might only be necessary to determine whether a specific concentration is acutely toxic to the test species or whether the LC50 or EC50 is above or below a specific concentration.
1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Standard 4 Significance and Use 5 Hazards 6 Apparatus 7 Facilities 7.1 Special Requirements 7.2 Construction Materials 7.3 Metering System 7.4 Test Chambers 7.5 Cleaning 7.6 Acceptability 7.7 Dilution Water 8 Requirements 8.1 Source 8.2 Treatment 8.3 Characterization 8.4 Test Material 9 General 9.1 Stock Solution 9.2 Test Concentration(s) 9.3 Test Organisms 10 Species 10.1 Age 10.2 Source 10.3 Care and Handling 10.4 Feeding 10.5 Disease Treatment 10.6 Holding 10.7 Acclimation 10.8 Quality 10.9 Procedure 11 Experimental Design 11.1 Dissolved Oxygen 11.2 Temperature 11.3 Loading 11.4 Beginning the Test 11.5 Feeding 11.6 Duration of Test 11.7 Biological Data 11.8 Other Measurements 11.9 Analytical Methodology 12 Acceptability of Test 13 Calculation of Results 14 Report 151.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
MIL F 0024385 : E | FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT, AQUEOUS FILM-FORMING FOAM (AFFF) LIQUID CONCENTRATE, FOR FRESH AND SEA WATER |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2014 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1562 : 2000 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
MIL F 24385 : F | FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT, AQUEOUS FILM FORMING FOAM, (AFFF) LIQUID CONCENTRATE, FOR FRESH AND SEA WATER |
ASTM E 1023 : 1984 : R2002 | Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses |
ASTM E 1563 : 1998. | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos |
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 | Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 1242 : 1997 | Standard Practice for Using Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient to Estimate Median Lethal Concentrations for Fish Due to Narcosis |
ASTM E 1415 : 1991 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With <i>Lemna gibba</i><b> G3</b> |
ASTM E 1850 : 2004 | Standard Guide for Selection of Resident Species as Test Organisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity Tests |
ASTM E 1022 : 1994 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 1242 : 1997 : R2008 | Standard Practice for Using Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient to Estimate Median Lethal Concentrations for Fish Due to Narcosis |
ASTM E 1241 : 2005 | Standard Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes |
ASTM D 5660 : 1996 | Standard Test Method for Assessing the Microbial Detoxification of Chemically Contaminated Water and Soil Using a Toxicity Test with a Luminescent Marine Bacterium |
ASTM E 1440 : 1991 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Acute Toxicity Test with the Rotifer Brachionus |
ASTM D 5951 : 1996 | Standard Practice for Preparing Residual Solids Obtained After Biodegradability Standard Methods for Plastics in Solid Waste for Toxicity and Compost Quality Testing |
ASTM E 2122 : 2002 | Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves |
ASTM E 1498 : 1992 : R1998 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sexual Reproduction Tests with Seaweeds |
ASTM E 1768 : 1995 : R2003 : EDT 1 | Standard Guide for Ventilatory Behavioral Toxicology Testing of Freshwater Fish |
ASTM E 1295 : 2001 | Standard Guide for Conducting Three-Brood, Renewal Toxicity Tests with <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> |
ASTM E 1440 : 1991 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Acute Toxicity Test with the Rotifer Brachionus (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM D 6081 : 1998 | Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation |
ASTM E 1688:2010 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1023 : 1984 : R2007 | Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM E 2317 : 2004 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Microplate-Based Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with a Marine Meiobenthic Copepod (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM E 1391 : 2003 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 2455 : 2006 | Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels |
ASTM E 1711 : 2012 : REDLINE | Standard Guide for Measurement of Behavior During Fish Toxicity Tests |
ASTM E 1415 : 1991 : R1998 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With Lemna gibba G3 |
ASTM E 1563 : 1998 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos |
ASTM E 1022 : 1994 | Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks |
NFPA 18A : 2017 | WATER ADDITIVES FOR FIRE CONTROL AND VAPOR MITIGATION |
NFPA 18 : 2017 | WETTING AGENTS |
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 : R2010 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates (Withdrawn 2019) |
ASTM E 2552 : 2016 : REDLINE | Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use |
ASTM E 2591 : 2007 | Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians |
ASTM E 1415 : 1991 : R2004 : EDT 1 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With <i>Lemna gibba</i> G3 |
ASTM E 2317 : 2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Microplate-Based Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with a Marine Meiobenthic Copepod |
ASTM E 1023 : 1984 : R1996 | Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses |
ASTM E 1562 : 2000 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 1924 : 1997 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Toxicity Tests with Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates |
ASTM E 1463 : 1992 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static and Flow-Through Acute Toxicity Tests With Mysids From the West Coast of the United States |
ASTM E 1193 : 1997 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting <I>Daphnia magna</I> Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests |
ASTM E 1366 : 2011 : R2016 | Standard Practice for Standardized Aquatic Microcosms: Fresh Water |
ASTM E 1768 : 1995 | Standard Guide for Ventilatory Behavioral Toxicology Testing of Freshwater Fish |
ASTM E 2591 : 2007 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians |
ASTM E 1498 : 1992 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sexual Reproduction Tests with Seaweeds (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM E 1391 : 2003 | Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1841 : 2004 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Phytotoxicity Tests With Freshwater Emergent Macrophytes (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM D 5660 : 1996 : R2004 | Standard Test Method for Assessing the Microbial Detoxification of Chemically Contaminated Water and Soil Using a Toxicity Test with a Luminescent Marine Bacterium |
ASTM E 724 : 1998 : R2012 | Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs |
ASTM E 724 : 1998 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs |
ASTM E 1193 : 1997 : R2012 | <i xmlns:a="http://library.astm.org" xmlns="">Daphnia magna</i> |
ASTM E 1850 : 2004 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Selection of Resident Species as Test Organisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity Tests |
ASTM E 1440 : 1991 : R1998 | Standard Guide for Acute Toxicity Test with the Rotifer Brachionus |
ASTM E 1295 : 2001 : R2006 | Standard Guide for Conducting Three-Brood, Renewal Toxicity Tests with <i> Ceriodaphnia dubia</i> |
ASTM E 724:1998 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs |
ASTM E 1913 : 2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static, Axenic, 14-Day Phytotoxicity Tests in Test Tubes with the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte, <i>Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov</i> |
ASTM E 1023 : 1984 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses |
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 : R2007 | Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM E 1563 : 1998 : R2004 : EDT 1 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2008 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1415 : 1991 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests With <i>Lemna gibba</i> G3 (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM E 2122 : 2002 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 1924 : 1997 | Standard Guide for Conducting Toxicity Tests with Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates |
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1624 : 1994 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Chemical Fate in Site-Specific Sediment/Water Microcosms (Withdrawn 2013) |
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1192 : 1997 : R2003 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1768 : 1995 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Ventilatory Behavioral Toxicology Testing of Freshwater Fish (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM D 6081 : 1998 : R2014 | Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation |
ASTM E 1706 : 2005 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates |
NFPA 1150 : 2017 | FOAM CHEMICALS FOR FIRES IN CLASS A FUELS |
ISO 35103:2017 | Petroleum and natural gas industries — Arctic operations — Environmental monitoring |
ASTM E 1022 : 1994 : R2002 | Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks |
ASTM E 1366 : 2011 | Standard Practice for Standardized Aquatic Microcosms: Fresh Water |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2007 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 : R2002 | Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting |
ASTM E 1191 : 2003 : REV A | Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids |
ASTM E 1218 : 2004 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests with Microalgae (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM E 1563 : 1998 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos |
ASTM E 1604 : 2012 : REDLINE | Standard Guide for Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology |
ASTM E 1191 : 2003 : REV A : R2014 | Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids |
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM D 5660 : 1996 : R2009 | Standard Test Method for Assessing the Microbial Detoxification of Chemically Contaminated Water and Soil Using a Toxicity Test with a Luminescent Marine Bacterium (Withdrawn 2014) |
DIN EN ISO 16712:2007-02 | Water quality - Determination of acute toxicity of marine or estuarine sediment to amphipods (ISO 16712:2005) |
EN ISO 16712:2006 | Water quality - Determination of acute toxicity of marine or estuarine sediment to amphipods (ISO 16712:2005) |
ASTM E 1242 : 1997 : R2003 | Standard Practice for Using Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient to Estimate Median Lethal Concentrations for Fish Due to Narcosis |
ASTM E 1218 : 2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests with Microalgae |
BS ISO 16712 : 2005 AMD 16801 | WATER QUALITY - DETERMINATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF MARINE OR ESTUARINE SEDIMENT TO AMPHIPODS |
BS 6068-6.16(1998) : 1998 | WATER QUALITY - SAMPLING - GUIDANCE ON BIOTESTING OF SAMPLES |
ASTM D 6081 : 1998 : R2004 | Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation |
FM 5138 : 2011 | PROPORTIONING TESTING |
ASTM E 1192 : 1997 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1191 : 2003 | Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids |
ASTM E 1913 : 2004 : R2012 | <i xmlns:a="http://library.astm.org" xmlns="">Myriophyllum sibiricum</i> |
ASTM E 1463 : 1992 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static and Flow-Through Acute Toxicity Tests With Mysids From the West Coast of the United States (Withdrawn 2021) |
ASTM E 1242 : 1997 : R2014 | Standard Practice for Using Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient to Estimate Median Lethal Concentrations for Fish Due to Narcosis |
ASTM E 1562 : 2000 : R2006 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute, Chronic, and Life-Cycle Aquatic Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids |
ASTM E 1191 : 2003 : REV A : R2008 | Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids |
ASTM E 1624 : 1994 | Standard Guide for Chemical Fate in Site-Specific Sediment/Water Microcosms |
ISO 16712:2005 | Water quality — Determination of acute toxicity of marine or estuarine sediment to amphipods |
ASTM E 1624 : 1994 : R2002 | Standard Guide for Chemical Fate in Site-Specific Sediment/Water Microcosms |
ASTM D 5951 : 1996 : R2002 | Standard Practice for Preparing Residual Solids Obtained After Biodegradability Standard Methods for Plastics in Solid Waste for Toxicity and Compost Quality Testing (Withdrawn 2011) |
16/30282355 DC : 0 | BS ISO 35103 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - ARCTIC OPERATIONS - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING |
ASTM E 1193:1997 | Standard Guide for Conducting Daphnia magna Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests |
BS 6068-5.37(2005) : 2005 | WATER QUALITY - DETERMINATION OF ACUTE TOXICITY OF MARINE OR ESTUARINE SEDIMENT TO AMPHIPODS |
ASTM E 1218 : 2004 : EDT 1 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests with Microalgae |
ASTM D 6081 : 1998 : R2009 | Standard Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants: Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation |
ASTM E 1924 : 1997 : R2012 | Standard Guide for Conducting Toxicity Tests with Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates (Withdrawn 2013) |
BS ISO 35103:2017 | Petroleum and natural gas industries. Arctic operations. Environmental monitoring |
ASTM D 3696 : 2000 | Standard Practice for Evaluating an Effluent for Flavor Impairment to Fish Flesh (Withdrawn 2006) |
ASTM E 1498 : 1992 : R2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Sexual Reproduction Tests with Seaweeds |
ASTM E 1192 : 1997 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1768 : 1995 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Ventilatory Behavioral Toxicology Testing of Freshwater Fish |
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 | Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments |
ASTM E 1841 : 2004 | Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Phytotoxicity Tests With Freshwater Emergent Macrophytes |
ASTM E 1463 : 1992 : R1998 | Standard Guide for Conducting Static and Flow-Through Acute Toxicity Tests With Mysids From the West Coast of the United States |
ASTM E 1688 : 2010 : R2016 | Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1391 : 2003 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates |
ASTM E 1192 : 1997 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
ASTM E 1022 : 1994 : R2007 | Standard Guide for Conducting Bioconcentration Tests with Fishes and Saltwater Bivalve Mollusks |
ASTM E 1295 : 2001 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Three-Brood, Renewal Toxicity Tests with <emph type="ital">Ceriodaphnia dubia</emph><emph type="bold"> |
ASTM E 2122 : 2002 : R2007 | Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves |
ASTM E 2455 : 2006 : R2013 | Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels (Withdrawn 2022) |
ASTM E 1241 : 2005 : R2013 | Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests with Fishes (Withdrawn 2022) |
BS EN ISO 16712:2006 | Water quality. Determination of acute toxicity of marine or estuarine sediment to amphipods |
ASTM E 1604 : 2012 : REDLINE | Standard Guide for Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology |
IEEE/ASTM SI_10-2010 | American National Standard for Metric Practice |
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