BS 2654:1989

Foreword
Committees responsible
Specification
1 Scope
2 Design conditions; 2.1 Design pressure; 2.2 Design
    metal temperature
3 Information to be exchanged prior to implementing
    the requirements of this standard and inspections
    by the purchaser during erection; 3.1 Information
    to be specified by the purchaser; 3.2 Optional and/
    or alternative information to be supplied by the
    purchaser; 3.3 Information to be agreed between the
    purchaser and the manufacturer; 3.4 Inspections by
    the purchaser during erection
4 Materials; 4.1 Specifications; 4.2 Steelmaking
    process; 4.3 Chemical composition; 4.4 Notch
    ductility; 4.5 Mountings; 4.6 Other requirements
5 Design loadings; 5.1 General; 5.2 Dead loads;
    5.3 Superimposed loads; 5.4 Contents; 5.5 Loads
    resulting from connected piping; 5.6 Wind loading;
    5.7 Seismic loads (if applicable)
6 Bottom design; 6.1 General; 6.2 Design
7 Shell design; 7.1 Design stresses; 7.2 Internal
    loading; 7.3 Wind and vacuum loading; 7.4 Shell
    plate arrangement; 7.5 Shell joints
8 Fixed-roof design; 8.1 Loads; 8.2 Type of roof;
    8.3 Roof plating with supporting structure;
    8.4 Roof plating without supporting structure
    (membrane roofs); 8.5 Compression area;
    8.6 Venting requirements;
9 Floating-roof design; 9.1 General; 9.2 Design
    requirements; 9.3 Stability of roof under wind
    load; 9.4 Pontoon openings; 9.5 Bulkheads;
    9.6 Movable ladders to roofs; 9.7 Primary roof
    drains; 9.8 Emergency drains; 9.9 Vents;
    9.10 Supporting legs; 9.11 Roof manholes;
    9.12 Centering and anti-rotation device;
    9.13 Seals; 9.14 Gauging device; 9.15 Operation
10 Tank anchorage; 10.1 General; 10.2 Anchorage
    attachment; 10.3 Allowable tensile stress;
    10.4 Holding-down bolt or strap; 10.5 Resistance
    to uplift
11 Mountings; 11.1 Shell manholes and shell nozzles
    80 mm outside diameter (o.d.) and above; 11.2 Shell
    nozzles less than 80 mm o.d.; 11.3 Roof manholes
    and nozzles; 11.4 Additional loads; 11.5 Nozzle
    welding details; 11.6 Inspection of shell manholes
    and nozzles; 11.7 Flange drilling; 11.8 Post-weld
    heat treatment; 11.9 Procedure for post-weld heat
    treatment; 11.10 Stairways and gangways;
    11.11 Handrailing; 11.12 Ladders; 11.13 Earthing
    connections; 11.14 Flush type clean-out doors, D-
    type sumps and water draw-off sumps;
    11.15 Permanent attachments; ll.16 Temporary
    attachments
12 Insulation
13 Shop fabrication; 13.1 Workmanship; 13.2 Hard
    stamping; 13.3 Plate edge preparation;
    13.4 Rolling and pressing; 13.5 Bolt holes
    13.6 Surface preparation and painting;
    13.7 Erection marks (domestic market);
    13.8 Erection marks (export market);
    13.9 Packaging
14 Site erection; 14.1 General; 14.2 Workmanship;
    14.3 Tank foundation construction;
    14.4 Rectification of damage to materials;
    14.5 Erection of plates; 14.6 Shell tolerances;
    14.7 Floating-roof tolerances; 14.8 Manual oxygen
    cutting; 14.9 Protection of shell during erection;
    14.10 Erection of fixed roof; 14.11 Erection
    holes; 14.12 Final surface finish
15 Welding; 15.1 Welding process; 15.2 Welding
    sequences; 15.3 Vertical joints; 15.4 Weather
    conditions; 15.5 Preheating; 15.6 Electrodes;
    15.7 Tack welds; 15.8 Cleaning of welds;
    15.9 Back gouging and chipping; 15.10 Visual
    inspection; 15.11 Weld reinforcement;
    15.12 Undercutting; 15.13 Peening; 15.14 Repairs
16 Welding procedure and welder approval; 16.1 General
    16.2 Welding procedure approval; 16.3 Approval
    process for welders
17 Radiography; 17.1 Application; 17.2 Preparation
    for examination; 17.3 Extent of radiography per
    tank; 17.4 Radiography procedure
18 Testing; 18.1 General; 18.2 Bottom testing;
    18.3 Mountings; 18.4 Shell testing;
    18.5 Floating-roof testing; 18.6 Fixed-roof
    testing
Appendices
A Recommendations for tank foundations
B Recommendations for the design and application of
    insulation
C Standard diameters for vertical cylindrical tanks
D List of symbols
E Recommendations for internal floating covers
F Recommendations for the design of venting systems
G Seismic provisions for storage tanks
Tables
1 Leg length of fillet weld
2 Minimum specified shell thickness
3 Angle ring dimensions
4 Minimum sizes of top curb angle
5 Manhole and nozzle body thickness
6 Extent of radiography per tank
7 Acceptance levels for radiographic examination
8 Standard lengths for shell plates
9 Nominal capacities of standard vertical cylindrical
    tanks
10 Requirements for emergency venting
11 Soil profile coefficient
Figures
1 Minimum Charpy V impact requirements
2 Typical bottom layouts for tanks
3 Cross joints in bottom plates where three
    thicknesses occur
4 Typical joints in sketch plates under shell plates:
    tanks up to and including 12.5 m diameter
5 Typical annular plate joint under shell plates:
    tanks over 12.5 m diameter
6 Wind girders
7 Shell-roof compression areas
8 Typical tank anchorage detail
9 Shell manholes
10 Shell insert type reinforcement
11 Barrel type nozzle reinforcement
12 Graph for the determination of the thickness of
    barrel type nozzle reinforcement
13 Flanged roof nozzles
14 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    set-through type (preferred details): t = 20 mm
    (max)
15 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    set-through type (preferred details): 20mm < or =
    t < or = 40 mm
16 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    set-through type (preferred details): ti > 40 mm
17 Typical weld details for the connection of
    mountings: set-through type (alternative details)
18 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    compensated set-through type (preferred details):
    t = 12.5 mm (max.)
19 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    compensated set-through type (preferred details)
20 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    compensated set-through type (alternative details)
21 Typical weld details for connection of mountings:
    set-on type (shell nozzles less than 80 mm o.d.)
22 Recognized weld details for connection of mountings
23 Reinforcement details for low type nozzles
24 Details of overlay weld for nozzles
25 Details of an acceptable type of spiral stairway
26 Handrailing
27 Typical detail of earthing boss (supplied with tank)
    site welded to tank shell plates
28 Flush type clean-out door with insert plate
    reinforcement
29 Flush type clean-out door with plate reinforcement
    915 mm x 1230 mm
30 Flush type clean-out door with plate reinforcement
    300 mm x 1230 mm
31 Davit for 915 mm x 1230 mm clean-out door
32 Combined water draw-off and clean-out sump
33 Acceptable water draw-off sumps
34 Location of Charpy V-notch impact test specimen
35 Typical tank foundation
36 Pad supports
37 Angle section and plate supports
38 Typical flanged nozzle or manhole
39 Typical arrangement showing termination of
    insulation adjacent to the tank bottom
40 Typical arrangement with insulation attached to the
    shell only
41 Typical flanged nozzle or manhole with additional
    branch insulation
42 Typical construction of insulation local to wind
    stiffening ring
43 Effective masses
44 Centroids of seismic forces
45 Factor Ks
46 Compressive force wb

Materials, design, fabrication, erection, inspection and testing of cylindrical tanks for service temperatures down to -10°C. Fixed and floating roof designs as well as internal floating covers are included along with tank insulation systems, design for seismic disturbances, selection of foundations etc.