EN 1504-9:2008

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair
   4.1 General
   4.2 Health and Safety
   4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes
5 Protection and repair within a structure management strategy
   5.1 General
   5.2 Options
   5.3 Factors
   5.4 Choice of appropriate strategy
6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and
   methods
   6.1 General
   6.2 Principles and methods of protection and repair
7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance
   with the principles of protection and repair
   7.1 General
   7.2 Methods which do not make use of specific products and
       systems
8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair
9 Health, safety and the environment
10 Competence of personnel
Annex A (informative) Guidance and background information
Introduction
      A.1 Scope
      A.2 Normative reference
      A.3 Terms and definitions
      A.4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair
      A.5 Protection and repair within a structure management
           strategy
      A.6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair
           principles and methods
      A.7 Properties of products and systems required for
           compliance with the principles of protection
           and repair
      A.8 Maintenance following completion of protection
           and repair
      A.9 Health, safety and environment
      A.10 Competence of personnel
Bibliography

This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for specification of protection and repair of reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures (including, for example, pavements, runways, floor slabs and pre-stressed structures) using products and systems specified in other Parts of the EN 1504 series or any other relevant European Standard or European Technical Approval. This European Standard covers atmospherically exposed, buried and submerged structures.This European Standard includes:a)the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and after repair;b)protection from causes of defects and their repair in concrete structures. Causes of such defects may include:1)mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration and seismic actions;2)chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction;3)physical actions, e.g. freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and erosion;4)fire damage;5)reinforcement corrosion resulting from:i)physical loss of the protective concrete cover;ii)chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation);iii)chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete;iv)stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical installations.c)repair of defects caused by inadequate design, specification or construction or use of unsuitable construction materials;d)providing the required structural capacity by:1)replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement;2)filling of cracks and voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity;3)replacement or addition of concrete or whole elements;e)waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair;[...].